HLHS211-Nutrition Chapter 1 & 2 Review

____ is an example of an food that supplies a lot of empty calories.

Lite beer

__________ refers to the chemical processes that occur in living cells.

Metabolism

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said, ________.

"All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven"

Lena weighs 60 kg. What is her weight in pounds?

132 pounds

Elisa weighs 62 kg, which is approximately _____ pounds.

136

A serving of food contains 20 g fat, 2 g protein, 5 g carbohydrate, 5 g alcohol, and 1000 mg potassium. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal.

243

A serving of food contains 40 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, and 9 g fat. Based on this information, a serving of food supplies __________ kcal.

281

Which of the following practices is an example of integrative health care?

A physician who treats a patient's back pain with cortisone injections and massage therapy.

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the ________.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Which of the following foods is naturally a source of phytochemicals?

Grapes

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?

Heart disease

Which of the following foods is energy and nutrient dense?

Peanut butter

Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy for human cells?

Protein

Which of the following foods is a rich source of phytochemicals?

Raspberries

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving?

Soy milk

Researchers at a major American university plan a 10-year study involving 25,000 adults who will follow their usual lifestyles while they participate in the study. One of the main goals of this particular scientific investigation is to determine lifestyle factors that contribute to stomach cancer. Which of the following activities is likely to be a component of their research efforts?

Submitting an article describing the results of the study to a peer-reviewed journal

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans?

Sugar

Scientists at a major university have isolated a chemical from grapes. Which of the following features is an indication that this chemical could be a vitamin?

When a person's diet lacks the chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning.

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average.

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFixate helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of ________.

a testimonial

Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an ________.

anecdote

A substance that can protect a person's cells from being damaged or destroyed by certain harmful factors is a (an) ________.

antioxidant

A team of scientists extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leaves of a common houseplant. One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy, when it is injected into them. Based on this information, Zombia ________.

cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement

Generally, epidemiological studies ________.

cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships

Most forms of _____ are a source of energy for cells.

carbohydrate

Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) _____ study.

case-control

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Americans consumed more ____ in 2010 than in 1970.

cheese

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Americans consumed more ____ in 2010 than in 1970.

chicken

Having a control group enables researchers to ________.

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group

Hannah is in her 5th month of pregnancy. Her diet is poor because she rarely pays attention to her food choices, and she eats a limited variety of foods that she likes. Hannah was described as "undernourished" by her physician. Based on this information, Hannah is likely to ________.

deliver a baby who has breathing difficulties

A magazine advertisement for a weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) ________.

disclaimer

A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children. Based on this information, the researchers should design a (an) _____ study.

epidemiological

Phytochemicals __________.

may have health benefits.

An essential nutrient ________.

must be supplied by the diet

In the United States, food insecurity is most likely to affect ________.

older adults on fixed incomes

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are

placebos.

A person's _____ is not a major influence for his or her food selection practices.

political beliefs

The nutrients that provide energy are __________.

proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

According to the main nutrition-related goal of Healthy People 2020, Americans should ________.

reduce the risk of chronic diseases by consuming a healthy diet

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ____ study.

retrospective

Eating a high-salt diet increases people's chances of developing high blood pressure. Thus, a diet that supplies excessive amounts of salt is a ____ for high blood pressure.

risk factor

During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) ________.

scare tactic

Most of the people living in a small South African village have access to nutritious foods. Soon after their birth, 10 infants in the village developed severe diarrhea, which resulted in dehydration. After questioning the infants' parents, local public health officials were able to determine the cause of the diarrhea. Based on the officials' findings, the parents were advised to ________.

stop diluting the babies' formula with local well water

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing a dietary supplement containing a substance from dandelions for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n) ________.

testimonial

In the United States, the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths is __________.

tobacco use

Diet is a ____________.

usual pattern of food choices.

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense?

Broccoli

Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices?

Close friends

The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

FDA

A serving of food supplies 12 g carbohydrate, 5 g protein, 7 g fat, and 50 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food?

Fat provides almost 50% of the total calories.

_____ can be classified as a dietary supplement.

Gingko biloba

Which of the following practices is an example of integrative health care?

Having psychological counseling and taking St. John's wort to improve mood

A physician who hosts a popular TV show makes several nutrition-related claims during one of the programs. Which of the doctor's claims is a "red flag" of unreliable information?

Kava cures migraine headaches.

Which of the following conditions is not one of the 5 leading causes of death in the United States?

Kidney disease

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use to identify lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of liver cancer in an adult population?

Retrospective study

_____ includes farming techniques that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment.

Sustainable agriculture

Belle is pregnant and has two young children. She is having difficulty supporting her family on an income of $18,000/year. Recently, she was diagnosed with high blood pressure and iron deficiency. Based on this information, Belle should enroll in the _____ program.

WIC

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?

Women who smoke 5 or more cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to underweight babies than women who smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day during pregnancy.

For 5 years, Michael ate only plant foods. He recently developed numbness in his feet and a sore swollen tongue. A few days after he added eggs and milk to his diet, his tongue healed and the numbness in his feet stopped bothering him. Based on this information, Michael probably ________.

developed a nutrient deficiency disorder that was cured by the eating animal foods

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

dietsnomore4u.com

A group of registered dietitian nutritionists is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-age children's behavior. At first, the researchers will ________.

make observations

An antioxidant is a __________.

substance that protects cell components from being damaged or destroyed

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from ________.

vitamin A deficiency