HLT Unit 8

A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells. B-6 A B-12 K

A

____ is the only form of vitamin E that your body uses. Ascorbic acid Alpha-tocopherol Beta-carotene Retinol

Alpha-tocopherol

______ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells. Carcinogens Megadoses Antioxidants Coenzymes

Antioxidants

Which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor for a vitamin? Biotin Collagen Alpha-tocopherol Beta-carotene

Beta-carotene

Which of the following substances enhances the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine? Pancreatic amylase Bile Pepsin Hydrochloric acid

Bile

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins? Microwaving in little or no water Stir-frying in a small amount of oil Steaming in a vegetable steamer Boiling in a saucepan of water

Boiling in a saucepan of water

Which of the following statements is true about vitamins? Vitamins don't occur naturally in foods. Thiamin, riboflavin, and pantothenic acid are fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamins are safe to consume, so you should consider taking megadoses of the micronutrients to achieve optimal health. Compared to proteins and carbohydrates, your body requires very small quantities of vitamins.

Compared to proteins and carbohydrates, your body requires very small quantities of vitamins.

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body? B-12 E C D

D

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include edema. diarrhea. night blindness. dry cough.

Diarrhea

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12? Eggs Apples Corn oil Whole-wheat bread

Eggs

Which of the following statements is true? Foods generally contain much smaller amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates. Most vitamins can be made by the human body. The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins. Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram.

Foods generally contain much smaller amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates.

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D? Enriched breads Deli meats Fresh fruits Fortified milk

Fortified milk

Elaina wants to lower her risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ____ may decrease her risk of this chronic disease. stick margarine hot dogs charcoal-grilled meat fruit

Fruit

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K? Citrus fruits Deli meats Green leafy vegetables Enriched breads

Green leafy vegetables

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin C? Whole-wheat bread Fat-free milk Beef steak Green pepper

Green pepper

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E? Safflower oil Ground beef Sunflower seeds Olive oil

Ground Beef

The body needs folate to produce a coenzyme that protects fatty acids from oxidation. metabolizes vitamin E. transmits nervous impulses. helps form DNA.

Helps from DNA

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins. The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins. The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Matt is a vegan. As a result of his diet, he consumes no sources of preformed vitamin A. Which of the following statements explains why he has not developed a deficiency of vitamin A? Matt drinks red wine, which is a rich source of preformed vitamin A. Matt's diet is rich in vitamin C, which reduces his need for vitamin A. Matt's diet supplies high amounts of beta-carotene. Matt eats plenty of eggs, which are rich sources of retinol.

Matt's diet supplies high amounts of beta-carotene.

Which of the following foods provides the most beta-carotene per serving? Peaches Chicken Mushrooms Celery

Peaches

_____ results from lack of intrinsic factor. Night blindness Osteomalacia Pellagra Pernicious anemia

Pernicious anemia

The human body needs vitamin K to release the energy stored in glucose. make DNA. produce blood clotting factors. absorb phosphorus from foods.

Produce blood clotting factors

Which of the following statements is true? Skin can form previtamin D after being exposed to sunlight. Pellagra is the vitamin D deficiency disorder in adults. Excessive intakes of vitamin D cause rickets in children. Hair loss is the primary sign of vitamin D deficiency.

Skin can form previtamin D after being exposed to sunlight.

The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body. pancreas stomach small intestine large intestine

Small intestine

Which of the following statements is true? High doses of vitamin C destroy the virus that causes the common cold. A major role of vitamin B-6 is to provide energy. Smokers generally have higher needs for vitamin C than nonsmokers. In the United States, milk is usually fortified with riboflavin.

Smokers generally have higher needs for vitamin C than nonsmokers

Which of the following statements is true? Smokers generally have higher needs for vitamin C than nonsmokers. A major role of vitamin B-6 is to provide energy. High doses of vitamin C destroy the virus that causes the common cold. In the United States, milk is usually fortified with riboflavin.

Smokers generally have higher needs for vitamin C than nonsmokers.

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin K? Spinach salad Enriched breads Roast chicken Citrus fruit

Spinach salad

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism? Thiamin D A E

Thiamin

Dorothy is a 75-year-old woman with pernicious anemia. What treatment would her doctor recommend? A vegan diet Iron supplements Vitamin B-12 injections Megadoses of vitamin C

Vitamin B-12 injections

On sunny days, Juan spends at least 20 minutes exercising outdoors because he knows sunlight helps his body make biotin. riboflavin. vitamin D. vitamin B-12.

Vitamin D

Which of the following vitamins acts as a hormone in the human body? D Riboflavin C Niacin

Vitamin D

Vitamin _____ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals. E D B-12 K

Vitamin E

The human body can absorb some of the _____ that's made by intestinal bacteria. thiamin riboflavin vitamin A vitamin K

Vitamin K

Which of the following statements is true? Vitamins D and A are water soluble. Vitamins are organic micronutrients. Foods generally supply larger amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates. Your body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins.

Vitamins are organic micronutrients.

Which of the following statements is true? Vitamins D and A are water soluble. Your body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins. Foods generally supply larger amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates. Incorrect Vitamins are organic micronutrients.

Vitamins are organic micronutrients.

Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer. He should reduce his intake of alcohol. fiber. coffee. artificial sweeteners.

alcohol

Humans need vitamin B-6 for magnesium absorption. vitamin C synthesis. carbohydrate excretion. amino acid metabolism.

amino acid metabolism.

A(An)_____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals. coenzyme antioxidant intrinsic factor cofactor

antioxidant

Deep yellow, dark green, and orange fruits and vegetables are rich sources of vitamin D. free radicals. beta-carotene. collagen.

beta-carotene.

Becky's 2-year old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with a neural tube defect, Becky should eat at least 3 ounces of fatty fish three times a week, take vitamin A and D supplements, and drink more fat-free milk during the first three months of pregnancy. take iron, zinc, and magnesium supplements during the first month of pregnancy, then eat more whole-grain breads and cereals for the remaining months of pregnancy. take pantothenic acid, B-6, and B-12 supplements before getting pregnant. consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant.

consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant.

A good way to reduce your risk of cancer is to consume a high glycemic diet. take dietary supplements that contain vitamins C and E. eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily. eat red and processed meats at least 3 times per week.

eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily.

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of folate. thiamin. iron. vitamin B-12.

folate

A(An) _____ is a chemically unstable substance that can damage vulnerable molecules, such as DNA. free radical carotenoid intrinsic factor coenzyme

free radical

Gina is pregnant. Gina's physician prescribed a prenatal vitamin for her to take daily. Gina thought she could have a very healthy baby by taking extra vitamins, so she took several other dietary supplements, including those that contained vitamin A and vitamin C. As a result, her total intakes of vitamin C and vitamin A were 20 times the RDA amounts. Based on this information, Gina has a high risk of giving birth to a baby with spina bifida. giving birth to a baby with birth defects. developing gestational diabetes. developing vitamin C-resistant scurvy.

giving birth to a baby with birth defects.

Vitamin C maintains rods and cones within the retina. acts as a coenzyme in certain reactions that release energy from glucose. is needed to form strong collagen. dissolves in the fatty portions of foods.

is needed to form strong collagen.

In the body, vitamin A helps reduce collagen synthesis. the small intestine absorb calcium and phosphorus. maintain epithelial cells. insulin enter cells.

maintain epithelial cells.

Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain. wine water sugar oil

oil

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She's not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of beriberi. scurvy. pellagra. osteomalacia.

osteomalacia

Vitamin D helps the body absorb sodium and potassium. magnesium and iodine. phosphorus and calcium. iron and copper.

phosphorus and calcium.

Sam wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ____ may increase his risk of this chronic disease. citrus fruit processed meats Brussels sprouts green onions

processed meats

Exposing milk to light can reduce its _____ content. vitamin D riboflavin thiamin niacin

riboflavin

In the United States, newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____. thiamin; beriberi vitamin K; bleeding niacin; pellagra vitamin C; collagen breakdown

vitamin K; bleeding