HLTH 252 test 1

if you live in a state where pot is legal and you travel to another state are you still subject to law??

Absolutely Yes, can bring drugs across borders even if it was purchased legally. Even with a note from the doctor its up to the local DEA.

acetylcholine

Acetylcholine blockers impair learning and memory

Harrison Act of 1914

An act to provide for the registration of, with collectors of internal revenue, and to impose a special tax upon all persons who produce, import, manufacture, compound, deal in, dispense, or give away opium or coca leaves, their salts, derivatives, or preparations, and for other purposes." Physicians, dentists and vets surgeons were potential lawful distributors if registered. All laws federal controlled substances grafted from this.

Bureau of Narcotics

Formed in 1930, Anslinger pledged to stop arresting so many users and to go after the big dealers. He was known as the "drug czar". When the government realized that marijuana use was linked to crime, they passed the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937.

glutamate

Found throughout the brain. Unlike GABA, stimulation of the receptors that respond to glutamate makes cells more excited. Glutamate is often referred to the brain's major excitatory neurotransmitter. Abnormal glutamate transmission, caused by prolonged chronic cocaine use, has been hypothesized to mediate relapse to cocaine use following a period of abstinence. Results still unclear because only been tested on animals.

1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act

It broadened the definition of dietary supplements to include not only vitamins, minerals, and proteins, but also herbs and herbal extracts. Labels are not allowed to make unsubstantiated direct claims such as "cures cancer", but they are permitted to make general statements about the overall health and well-being that can be achieved by consuming the dietary ingredient.

endorphins

Means "coming from within morphine-like substances"; associated with pain relief, found several place sin the brain and circulating through the blood and not all their functions are known. influences behaviors (but not sole indicator).

norepinephrine

Norepinephrine release influences arousal and attentiveness; perhaps induce wakefulness Also important in initiation of food intake, controlling energy balance and body weight

1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act

President Theodore roosevelt. Spurred by Upton Sinclair's The Jungle It prohibited interstate commerce in adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs, bringing the federal government full force into the drug marketplace. This act specifically referred to alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and other agents. As long as ingredients were listed on label any drug could be bought and sold on the market. The goal was to protect people from unscrupulous merchants, not from themselves. The 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act provided the rootstock on which all our modern laws regulating pharmaceuticals have been grafted.

1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as well as the events that led to the act

Public crisis arose after a chemist committed suicide when he discovered sulfanilamide which caused kidney poisoning, killing 107 people in a short time. "Before a new drug could be marketed, its manufacturer must test it for toxicity." Must submit a NDA to the FDA. If paperwork was satisfactory and proven safe then the application was effective (drug was effective). Important in 2 ways - 1) changed the role of FDA from testing and challenging some of the drugs already being sold to that of a gatekeeper, which must review drugs b4 marketed. 2) reduced the likelihood that new drugs would be introduced by small companies run by untrained people.

Pure Food and Drugs Act and the Harrison Act

Pure food and drugs: department of agriculture. Harrison: treasury department.

serotonin

Serotonin has roles in food intake and regulation of body weight; also associated with aggressiveness and impulsivity. Serotonin is also associated with depression and alcohol use. (but not the sole factor)

1962 Kefauver-Harris amendment

The NDA for thalidomide concluded that it caused birth defects; Kefauver-Harris amendments included the requirement that companies seek approval of any testing to be done with humans before clinical trials are conducted. Another provision required advertisements for prescription drugs to contain a summary of information about adverse reactions to the drug. Most important change was requiring drug to be effective for the illness on the label

dopamine

dopamine deficiency can be associated with Parkinson's disease. Treatment of Parkinson's comes from administering dopamine precursor L-dopa. Many drugs stimulate dopamine neurons in the mesolimbic pathway (proposed to be the main component responsible for rewarding properties of electrical stimulation of the midbrain; reward system says "that's good - do that again."

GABA

found in may areas of the CNS and exerts generalized inhibitory functions. Many sedative drugs act by enhancing GABA inhibition. (club drug GHB is closely related with GABA) Interfering with normal GABA inhibition, such as with GABA-receptor-blocking drug strychnine, can lead to seizures resembling those seen in epilepsy.