HLTH 3355 Chapter 2 T/F

Under a laissez-faire philosophy, the government would assert little or no regulatory control with respect to drugs

true

Water has the potential for being a psychoactive substance

true

Withdrawal symptoms involve symptoms generally opposite from the original effect of the drug

true

The existence of physical dependence in a particular drug hinges upon the presence of physical withdrawals syndromes, should the individual stop taking the drug

truq

Drug tolerance is to setting as behavioral tolerance is to repetition

false

Examining the properties of a drug effect is the same as examining the properties of the drug itself

false

Harry J. Anslinger was the Director of the FBI during the 1930s

false

If a drug is ED50, it means the drug will become toxic if 50 mg of the drug is taken

false

In the DAWN reports, cocaine, heroin, and alcohol-in-combination cases are almost always lethal

false

Injecting heroin followed by snorting heroin is an example of polydrug use

false

Most addicts completing the withdrawal process in its entirety do not become re-addicted

false

Needle exchange programs are available in all 50 states

false

Needle-exchange programs have increased the prevalence of heroin abuse in recent studies

false

Polydrug use refers to the use of a drug at different dosage levels from administration to administration

false

Prescription drugs have little effect on a pregnant woman and the newborn

false

Schedule IV drugs have the highest potential for abuse

false

Systemic violence might include robbing a shopkeeper in order to get money to buy drugs

false

The DAWN reporting program reaches practically all emergency department patients in the US

false

The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 did not apply to growers on marijuana

false

The higher the margin of safety ratio, the more toxic the drug

false

The placental barrier protects a fetus from toxic substances in the mother

false

There are substances that exist which do not have any potential for toxicity

false

Under the Harrison Act, cocaine was defined a narcotic but opiate drugs were not

false

Violence resulting directly from the physiological effects of an injected drug is referred to as systemic violence

false

Withdrawal symptoms are approximately the same for every psychoactive drug

false

Year to year, there is a clear cut correlation of budget allocations used for drug regulation and the availability of illicit drugs

false

The margin of safety measure of a particular drug is a more consecutive (in the direction of safety) measure of drug toxicity than the therapeutic index for that drug

true

The smoking of opium in the US was opposed at least in part because of its association with Chinese immigrants

true

There are more fatalities from chronic smoking of tobacco than from illicit drug use

true

There is a statistical association between the use of illicit drug use and crime

true

Though cocaine was not defined as a narcotic, it was still affected by the Harrison Act of 1914

true

Tolerance is maximized when the user always takes the drug in the same setting

true

Tolerance, withdrawals symptoms, and unintentional overuse are 3 of the 7 criteria for substance dependence

true

In an experiment discussed in the text, lab animals would choose cocaine over food even if the animal was starving to death

true

In most cases, the dosage levels taken by drug abusers would be lethal if taken by a first-time user

true

Men outnumber women 2 to 1 in terms of ED visits involving illicit drug use

true

Multiple substance use is another name for polydrug use

true

Tendencies toward violence have been observed during times of crack withdrawal as well as crack intoxication

true

The concept of physical dependence originate from observations of heroin abusers

true

Drug abusers take drug doses which are well beyond the LD-response curve amounts

false

A dirty needle carries the risk of HIV but not of hepatitis infection

false

A patient mentions drinking 8 glasses of vodka and gin during a drug-related ED visit. This is an example of an alcohol-in-combination DAWN case

false

According to 2008 Dawn statistics, most ED visits involved alcohol only

false

All psychoactive drugs have the same adverse effects on the fetus

false

DAWN statistics are collected for ED visits involved alcohol use alone by individuals 21 and older

false

The greater the extent of drug-taking behavior during pregnancy, the more likely there will be adverse consequences during labor and delivery

true

The high price of illicit drugs on the street contributes to the incidence of economically compulsive violence

true

"Drug czars" were established as a result of the 1988 Anti Drug Abuse Act

true

5 "schedules" of controlled substances resulted from Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970

true

A problem with street drugs is that the user doesn't know the toxicity risk until the drug has been used

true

According to 2008 DAWN statistics, about 1/4 (27 percent) of drug-related ED visits involved some use of alcohol in combination with an illicit drug

true

According to recent DAWN statistics, there has been a greater number of drug-related ED for visits prescription and OTC meds alone than with illicit drugs alone. Narcotic analgesics are on the rise.

true

Behavioral tolerance is based on Pavlovian conditioning

true

Cocaine has been used as a local anesthetic in the US

true

Continuing drug-taking behavior in order to avoid withdrawal is one indication of physical dependence

true

Drug safety depends on the possibility that the drug can be toxic at low doses compared to other drugs

true

Each effect produced by a particular drug will have its own dose-response curves

true

Expenditures to carry out the war on drugs are up by more than 1,400 percent since 1981

true

Fetal effects of methamphetamine are unknown but likely to be similar to effects of cocaine- reducing normal fetal blood flow

true

Heroin is an example of a Schedule I drug

true

If an LD100 dose were given to a group of 50 mice, all of them would die

true

If an individual experiences drug tolerance, an increasing dose must be taken over time in order to maintain the same level of drug effect

true

In 2009, the ban on federal funding for needle exchange programs was lifted

true