HOL: DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
The template DNA sequence below would be transcribed to 5' _____ 3' mRNA sequence. 3' TAC TGG TTG TTC 5' - GUU CUU CCU GAU - ATG ACC AAC AAG - GAA CAA CCA GTA - AUG ACC AAC AAG
AUG ACC AAC AAG
Triplet of nucleotides containing the instructions for the production of amino acids
Codon
Molecule consisting of a phosphate group, sugar group, and a nitrogenous base
Nucleotide
three
The mRNA strand below codes for _____ amino acids. 5' AUG ACC AAC UAA 3' - two - three - four - five
The process by which a single strand of RNA is synthesized from DNA
Transcription
The process by which proteins are formed from the genetic code of mRNA
Translation
Transcription creates an mRNA copy of the DNA _____ strand with uracil replacing thymine in the newly constructed mRNA. - coding - template - initiation - termination
coding
A _____ is a triplet of nucleotides that forms the genetic code for all organisms. - polypeptide - nitrogenous base - codon - ribosome
codon
True or false: A stop codon codes for the amino acid proline.
false
True or false: Frameshift mutations occur when one nucleotide is substituted for another in DNA.
false
True or false: tRNA forms the small subunit of a ribosome.
false
A complete ribosome is formed during the _____ step of translation. - elongation - initiation - maximization - termination
initiation
The _____ contains three binding locations where amino acids are connected to form a polypeptide chain during translation. - small ribosomal subunit - promoter - large ribosomal subunit - start codon
large ribosomal subunit
Four _____ form the structure of DNA. - amino acids - nucleotides - proteins - carbohydrates
nucleotides
_____ mutations result when one nucleotide is substituted for another in DNA. - Polymerase - Point - Frameshift - Elongation
point
The _____ signals the release of the polypeptide chain from the ribosome during the termination phase of translation. - promoter - start codon - initiator - stop codon
stop codon
Composed of two chains of nucleotides wound in a double helix
DNA
True or false: Frameshift mutations result when one or more nucleotides are added or removed from DNA.
true
True or false: In DNA, adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs with guanine.
true
True or false: RNA polymerase binds to the template strand of the DNA molecule.
true
True or false: Some point mutations result in changes to translated polypeptides while other point mutations have no effect on translation.
true
True or false: The sequence below is an example of a frameshift mutation of sequence AUG GAG GUC UAG. AUG GAG GGU CUA G
true
Thymine is replaced with _____ in RNA. - adenine - cytosine - uracil - guanine
uracil
