Holt McDougal World History chapter 5 section 1-5, 6th grade -Ancient Civilizations through the Renaissance

what are the four rules of Jainism

1. injure no life. 2. tell the truth. 3. do not steal. 4. own no property

Four Noble Truths (Buddha's Teachings) -1

1. suffering and unhappiness are a part of human life. No one can escape sorrow.

Four Noble Truths (Buddha's Teachings) -2

2. Suffering comes from our desires for pleasure and material goods. People cause their own misery because they want things they cannot have.

When did the Aryan civilization begin?

2000 bc, after the Harappan civilization ended in 1700 bc, reason unknown

Four Noble Truths (Buddha's Teachings) -3

3. People can overcome desire and ignorance and reach nirvana, a state of peace. Reaching nirvana frees the soul from suffering and from the need for further reincarnation.

Four Noble Truths (Buddha's Teachings) -4

4. People can overcome ignorance and desire by following an eight-fold path that leads to wisdom, enlightenment, and salvation.

What is to the west of the Himalayas?

A vast desert.

Brahmanism

Aryan Religion, Aryan priest were called Brahmins

what is the difference between the Aryan civilization and the Harappan civilization?

Aryan's settled in villages, farmed and were based on family ties. Harappan built big cities.

What are the three Hindu Gods?

Brahma- the creator, Siva - the destroyer, and Vishnu - the preserver

How was Hinduism and Buddhism alike?

Buddhism and Hinduism believe in reincarnation. Being born again and again until you achieve NIRVANA.

Asoka

Cangragupta's grandson. Strongest of all rulers and fought many wars. He became a Buddhist and no longer fought wars. The Mauryan kingdom fell apart soon after his death.

Gupta Dynasty -New Hindu Empire

Empire that started after the Mauryan empire fell. They won control over much of India and Hinduism became India's major religion. They also supported Buddhism and Jainism. Their civilization grew very strong.

What are the highest mountains in the world? where are the located?

Himalayas, Northern India

What are the two religions that developed out of Hinduism?

Jainism and Sikhism

Upanishads

One of the Vedic texts written that discussed what scholars and priest thought about the Vedas

What was the tree that Siddhartha meditated under called?

The tree of wisdom

What are the two branches of Buddhism were created due to disagreements amongst the Buddhist.

Theravada and Mahayana

Why did the Hindu's like Buddhism?

They were not restricted to their class and it made them feel they had the power to change their lives. it became VERY POPULAR.

Raja

a leader who ruled a village and the land around it (Aryan)

Buddhism

a religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.

dharma

a set of spiritual duties

Nirvana

a state of perfect peace

The Buddha

aka the enlighten one (Siddhartha)

What teachings did Buddha challenge

animal sacrifice, the cast system or Brahmins (priest). None of these things are needed for salvation.

why did the strict cast rules (sutras, or guides) develop ?

because the varnas got stricter and became divided and they formed the cast system

Vedus

collections of poems, hymns, myths and rituals written by Aryan priest. These were MEMORIZED only. Aryans could not read or write.

Untouchables

did not belong to any cast. would hold only certain, often unpleasant, jobs.

cast system

divided Indian society into groups based on a persons birth, wealth, or occupation

Vaisyas (Varna)

farmers, craftspeople and traders

What is the significance of Indus river?

first civilizations (Harappan and Monjeho Daro) of India was created here, presently its Pakistan.

how did monsoons affect early settlement in India

flooding made the soil fertile for who early settlers.

meditation

focusing of the mind on spiritual ideas

fasting

going without food

Moksha

good karma brings salvation or freedom from life's worries in the cycle of rebirth.

Sikhism

has its roots in the teachings of Guru Nanak, who live in AD 1400s. Guru means teacher. Believe in only one God. Ultimate goal is to be reunited with God after death through meditation and spiritual enlightenment. Pray six times a day.

What kind of climate does India have?

hot and humid often causing monsoons

what does the riveda include

hyms of praise to many gods

inoculation

injecting a person with a small dose of a virus to help them build up defenses to a disease

Jainism

is based on the teaching of a man named Mahavira, who believed to have been born around 599 BC. Do not believe in animal sacrifice. Vegetarians.

What determines what class system you are born into?

karma

subcontinent

large landmass that is smaller than a continent

What five items are Sikhs are expected to wear?

long hair, small comb, steel bracelet, a sword and a special undergarment. Turban optional.

alloys

mixtures of two or more metals

Rigveda

oldest Veda, written before 1000 bc

how did Brahmanism develop into Hinduism

people brought their thoughts from other cultures that they blended will the thoughts of the brahamins

missionaries

people who work to spread their religious beliefs. Buddhist Missionaries were sent to spread Buddha's teachings

What are some of the Harappan Achievements?

pottery, jewelry, cotton clothing, system of weights and measures, India's first writing system

Brahmins (Varna)

priest (highest ranking)

Kshatriyas (Varna)

rulers and warriors

monsoons

seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons, getting up to 100-200 inches of rain

Chandragupta Maurya

seized control of the entire northern part of India in 320BC and founded the Mauryan Empire. He provided protection in exchange for taxes. He gave up his throne to become a Jainist monk and his son took over.

Varnas

social division amongst Aryan society. Four main varnas existed.

nonviolence

the avoidance of violent actions (ahimsa)-sanskrit

karma

the effects that good or bad actions have on a persons soul

hinduism

the largest religion of India, made from the thoughts of the Vedic texts and other cultures

Sanskrit

the most important language of ancient India.it is the root of many modern south Asian languages. This is how we know so much about the Aryan society.

reincarnation

the process of rebirth. Everyone has a sole and its goal is to reunite your soul with Brahmin.

metallurgy

the science of working with metals

astronomy

the study of stars and planets

hindu-arabic numerals

the very numbers we use today

how did a person become a member of a cast

they are born into it

what role did sacrifices play in the aryan society

they thought that thier sacrifices went to the gods

establish

to set up or create

What are the three things Siddhartha believed were the cause for human suffering?

wanting what we like and do not have, wanting to keep what we like and already have, and not wanting what we dislike but have. aka, THE FIRST SERMON

Who was Siddhartha Gautama

wealthy prince, never struggled, dissatisfied with life. Born in Kshatriya (warrior class). Left at 30yrs old in search of the meaning of human life

Sudras (Varna)

workers, servants, and non-Aryan