Homeostasis (Text Chapter 1/ Workbook Chapter 6)

_______ decreases alpha cells, glucagon, liver, muscle, adipose

glucose

If a patient is sick, they are out of ______

homeostasis

______ is all body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment

homeostasis

_______ = compares to a set point

integrator/ control center

Identify the type of feedback mechanism being described: A new stimulus enhances the original stimulus.

positive feedback

Identify the type of feedback mechanism being described: When we cut ourselves, the blood has to clot, and clot, and clot to get the blood to stop leaking out of the body.

positive feedback

Blood clotting is a ________

positive feedback loop

______ response in the same direction as the stimulus

positive feedback loop

A ____ is a chemical that stimulates fever

pyrogen

______ = detects a stimulus

receptor

______ = change in the same parameter

response

______ = change in a parameter

stimulus

*ESSAY. Describe all of the components of the two types of feedback loops and describe how each works. WHat are the two types of feedback loops and how are they used by the body?

stimulus, receptor, control center, effector & response stimulus- change in parameter of body receptor- detects that change (stimulus) sends input to control center control center- determines a set point send output to effector effector- coordinates the response response- change in the same parameter as stimulus can be in same direction or opposite positive and negative feedback loop negative- response is in opposite direction as stimulus which maintains homeostasis positive- is in the same direction as stimulus example: body temperature, maintaining pH

ESSAY: Describe the negative feedback control that the body uses to control blood glucose levels when they increase & decrease.

* When blood glucose increases the blood levels increase the beta cells secrete insulin, then theres an increase in the liver, skeletal, and muscle, and adipose tissue and then homeostasis is restored. * When blood glucose decreases blood glucose levels decrease, alpha cells secrete glucagon, then theres a increase breakdown of glycogen to glucose, fat to fatty acids, and synthesis and release of glucose, then homeostasis is restored.

Calcitonin & parathyroid hormone control of _____

Ca2+

Atrial natriuretic peptide & aldosterone control of _______

Na+ & blood pressure

Pyrogens are released by white blood cells when there is an infection such as a bacterial infection. What are pyrogens?

a substance that produces fever

Many negative feedback loops are ______ to help maintain homeostasis

antagonisitic

Glucose & insulin control of _____

blood glucose

What is an example of a positive feedback loop?

child birth

______ increases beta cells, insulin, & liver, muscle, adipose

glucose

Disruption of homeostasis is the basis for ______

disease and death

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

during an infection, the body temperature begins to rise. The hypothalamus of the brain communicates to the skeletal muscles to begin shivering. This shivering action creates more heat.

_______ elicits a response

effector

Is thrist operated on a positive or a negative feedback mechanism?

negative

Identify the type of feedback mechanism being described: A new stimulus causes the original stimulus to slow down. This slowing action actually causes a second stimulus. This second stimulus causes the previous stimulus to slow down. This slowing action causes more slowing action....

negative feedback

Identify the type of feedback mechanism being described: Our blood vessels will dilate to dissipate heat. When the body cools down, the blood vessels will constrict to conserve heat.

negative feedback

Identify the type of feedback mechanism being described: The hormone insulin will lower the blood glucose levels while hormone glucagon will rasise the blood glucose levels.

negative feedback

________ maintains homeostasis

negative feedback loop

________ response in the opposite direction as stimulus

negative feedback loop

_____ are cells in bone that make new bone

osteoblasts

________ are cells in bone that reabsorp bone

osteoclasts

What hormone acts as a negative feedback to calcitonin?

parathormone