HomeostasisAssignment zoology connecte ed mcgraw hill

Select all that apply Historically, organisms that are warm to the touch are considered warm-blooded and those cold to the touch are considered cold-blooded. This is no longer used by zoologists because _________. Multiple select question. "cold-blooded" animals adjust their body temperature "warm-blooded" animals that hibernate can become very cold "warm-blooded" animals adjust their body temperature "cold-blooded" animals such as reptiles can bask and become very warm

"warm-blooded" animals that hibernate can become very cold "cold-blooded" animals such as reptiles can bask and become very warm

In order to maintain internal salt balance, freshwater fish must use specialized cells to secrete salt into the hyperosmotic blood using _________ transport.

Blank 1: active

The gills of invertebrates that are hyperosmotic regulators possess cells that are able to move ions from seawater into the blood, ______________ their concentration gradient.

Blank 1: against or up

Adaptive hypothermia is a strategy used by small endotherms to conserve the massive amount of _________ needed to maintain body temperature in cold environments.

Blank 1: energy, food, or calories

In terms of body temperature regulation, animals that can maintain a constant body temperature despite environmental variability are called ___________

Blank 1: homeothermic, endothermic, homeotherms, or endotherms

The nephron is the functional unit of the metanephric ________

Blank 1: kidney

Some very small _____ such as bats, and ______ use daily torpor in order to conserve energy.

Blank 1: mammals Blank 2: birds or hummingbirds

The most common type of invertebrate excretory organ is the _______

Blank 1: nephridium

Tubular secretion is important because it allows the body to _________ materials such as drugs and other foreign organic materials.

Blank 1: remove, excrete, dispose, eliminate, secrete, expel, or rid

The ______ _______ is formed by Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus, which is the site of filtration.

Blank 1: renal Blank 2: corpuscle

Terrestrial insects, nonavian reptiles and birds do not have an abundance of water to excrete ammonia, therefore they convert ammonia to ________ _________ , a nontoxic semisolid urine requiring little water.

Blank 1: uric Blank 2: acid

___ houses the glomerulus and is where filtration occurs. Multiple choice question. The distal convoluted tubule The renal pelvis The loop of Henle Bowman's capsule

Bowman's capsule

______ houses the glomerulus and is where filtration occurs. Multiple choice question. The loop of Henle The distal convoluted tubule Bowman's capsule The renal pelvis

Bowman's capsule

Select all that apply The vertebrate kidney performs which of the following functions? Multiple select question. Filtration of blood Reabsorption of selective ions Reabsorption of ammonia Secretion of end products Production of bile

Filtration of blood Reabsorption of selective ions Secretion of end products

Select the ways that marine bony fish compensate for water loss and solute gain. The kidneys excrete a dilute urine. Kidneys excrete extra ions. Salt is actively secreted across the gills to the sea. They absorb water from the seawater they drink. They actively transport salt into the blood.

Kidneys excrete extra ions. Salt is actively secreted across the gills to the sea. They absorb water from the seawater they drink.

The unique type of excretory system found in insects and spiders are called ___________. Multiple choice question. crop antennal glands Malpighian tubules proventriculus

Malpighian tubules

______ kidneys can produce a concentrated urine, thus conserving water during excretion of wastes. Multiple choice question. Arthropod Avian Reptilian Mammalian

Mammalian

Select all that apply In the vertebrate kidney, which of the following is an important physiological process? Multiple select question. Secretion Retention Filtration Reabsorption

Secretion Filtration Reabsorption

What do frogs use to actively absorb salt from water in their surroundings? Multiple choice question. Bladder Kidneys Special cells in the gills Skin

Skin not Bladder Reason: The bladder removes salt from the urine, not from the water in the surroundings. not Kidneys Reason: The kidneys reabsorb salt from the body, not from the water in the surroundings.

Select all that apply Select the problems faced by a hyperosmotic regulator. Multiple select question. Solutes tend to diffuse out of the body. Solutes tend to diffuse into the body. Water tends to flow into the body. Water tends to flow out of the body.

Solutes tend to diffuse out of the body. Water tends to flow into the body.

True or false: Flame cells are found in flatworms.

TRUE True Reason: Flame cells are the functional unit of the planarian excretory system. False Reason: Flame cells are the functional unit of the planarian excretory system

nocturnal

active at night

Much of the reabsorption of valuable nutrients in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs by ___________. Multiple choice question. endocytosis passive transport active transport exocytosis

active transport

When ions are transported against the concentration gradient it is _________ because it requires energy. Multiple choice question. osmosis diffusion active transport passive transport

active transport

In order to reduce massive heat loss from extremities in cold environments, birds and mammals utilize ______ heat exchange by arteries being in close contact with returning veins.

countercurrent

The process of increasing the osmotic concentration of urine by opposite moving fluids within the loop of Henle is

countercurrent multiplication

The high osmotic concentration in the medulla is produced by ______________ in the loop of Henle. Multiple choice question. pinocytosis osmosis sodium chloride pumps countercurrent multiplication

countercurrent multiplication NOT pinocytosis Reason: Pinocytosis is an active transport mechanism that is not utilized in the kidney. osmosis Reason: Although osmosis is used in the process it is only a part of countercurrent multiplication. sodium chloride pumps Reason: Although sodium chloride pumps are used in the process it is only a part of countercurrent multiplication.

Select all that apply Endotherms use _________ to adapt to cold environments. Multiple select question. decreased conductance increased heat production evaporative cooling temperature compensation

decreased conductance increased heat production

Arctic mammals increase the thickness of their fur in the winter; this is an example of ____________ which is an adaptation for cold environments. Multiple choice question. decreased conductance increased heat production adaptive hypothermia countercurrent heat exchange

decreased conductance increased heat production Reason: Fur does not increase the production of heat; it insulates.

Select all that apply Enzymes have a functional range of temperatures; temperatures which fall below this range may __________ enzyme function and therefore biochemical stability. Multiple select question. increase not affect destroy slow improve

destroy slow

conduction

direct contact to a cooler surface

The ocean is a highly stable environment, meaning that osmoconformers living in the open sea Multiple choice question. maintain osmotic concentrations lower than their environment. maintain osmotic concentrations higher than their environment. do not experience osmotic fluctuations. are not exposed to osmotic constancy.

do not experience osmotic fluctuations.

Animals that lose metabolic heat at the same rate it is produced is are _______

ectotherms

In terms of body temperature, most animals are __________. Multiple choice question. endotherms neither ectotherms

ectotherms

An essential function of the kidney is to regulate plasma _______ concentrations, and each type is reabsorbed by a specific pump during tubular reabsorption.

electrolyte

Maintaining body temperature is critical because extremely high temperatures can result in the destruction of _____ activity and the disruption of metabolic reactions.

enzym

Columbian ground squirrels enter a state of dormancy termed _________ during the summer. Multiple choice question. hibernation estivation torpor

estivation hibernation Reason: Hibernation is the long-term, prolonged state.

Panting by a dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is a method of cooling that is used by endotherms to adapt to hot environments.

evaporative

Sweating is an example of ____________ used by endotherms in order to adapt to hot environments. Multiple choice question. temperature compensation decreased conductance evaporative cooling brown fat metabolism

evaporative cooling

For all vertebrates, urine is formed by the following three processes: ______ , _____ and _________

filtration reabsorption secretion

The ______ cell is the functional unit of planarian protonephridial system that draws fluid into the tubular portion of the system.

flame

The kidney is the principle organ that regulates volume and composition of the internal __________ environment.

fluid

Being __________ or active underground is an adaption for living in hot environments,

fossorial

Amphibians face osmotic challenges similar to Blank______, meaning that they must counteract water gain and salt loss. Multiple choice question. marine birds marine fish freshwater fish terrestrial mammals

freshwater fish

When mammals enter a prolonged state of dormancy due to scarcity of food and low temperatures it is termed _________. Multiple choice question. aestivation hibernation torpor

hibernation

The glomerulus acts as a mechanical filter that works as a result of _____________ across the capillary walls. Multiple choice question. low blood pressure high blood pressure transport proteins ion gates

high blood pressure transport proteins Reason: Transport proteins do not move across the capillary walls. ion gates Reason: Ion gates would only allow ions to filter into the kidney tubules.

The body's balancing of physiological processes to maintain the stability of pH, temperature, osmotic pressure, nutrients, and other variables is termed __________

homeostasis

The coordinated physiological activities of the body to maintain internal constancy is called Multiple choice question. active transport. metamorphosis. countercurrent exchange. homeostasis.

homeostasis.

An organism that maintains body temperature independent of the environment is termed ________. Multiple choice question. homeothermic warm-blooded isothermic poikilothermic

homeothermic

Freshwater fish are ______ because they keep the salt concentrations of their fluids higher than that of the water in which they live. Multiple choice question. osmotransporters osmoconformers hypoosmotic regulators hyperosmotic regulators

hyperosmotic regulators

Marine bony fish are ______ and face the problems of losing water and gaining salt. Multiple choice question. hyperosmotic regulators osmoconformers in osmotic equilibrium with seawater hypoosmotic regulators

hypoosmotic regulators

Marine bony fish are ______ and face the problems of losing water and gaining salt. Multiple choice question. hypoosmotic regulators in osmotic equilibrium with seawater hyperosmotic regulators osmoconformers

hypoosmotic regulators

Adaptive _____ is commonly used by small endotherms to conserve energy in extreme cold environments.

hypothermia

fossorial

living mainly in the ground

Mammalian kidneys are able to produce concentrated urine due to the interactions of the ____________ with the collecting ducts. Multiple choice question. proximal convoluted tubule glomerulus loop of Henle renal pelvis

loop of Henle

Spiders have an excretory system that uses ______ tubules in conjunction with ______ glands in the wall of the hindgut.

malpighian; specialized

Endotherms may regulate their body temperature behaviorally by _________. Multiple choice question. metabolizing brown fat shivering managing exposure to solar radiation oxidation of food sources

managing exposure to solar radiation

The functional kidney of embryonic amniotes is the _______________. Multiple choice question. opisthonephros pronephros mesonephros archinephros

mesonephros

Endotherms may regulate their body temperature by their ____________ which includes oxidation of foods and muscular contractions.

metabolism

Hyperosmotic regulators maintain body fluids ______ the surrounding water. Multiple choice question. less concentrated than more concentrated than the same concentration as hypotonic to

more concentrated than

The ________ is a tubular structure that maintains osmotic balance. Multiple choice question. nephridium nephrostome contractile vacuole

nephridium

The most common type of invertebrate excretory organ is the __________

nephridium

In all vertebrate groups, the functional unit of the kidney is the _________. Multiple choice question. glomerulus Bowman's capsule nephron renal corpuscle

nephron

The functional kidney of adult lamprey, fishes and amphibians is the __________ development stage. Multiple choice question. archinephros metanephros opisthonephros mesonephros pronephros

opisthonephros Reason: This is the third stage and must be combined with another to form the functional kidney of fishes and amphibians.

Most marine invertebrates are ______, meaning they are incapable of regulating the osmotic pressure of their body and are in osmotic equilibrium with their environment. Multiple choice question. endotherms hypoosmotic regulators osmoconformers hyperosmotic regulators

osmoconformers

An organism's maintenance of internal water and salt concentrations using its own physiological methods is called Multiple choice question. osmoregulation. endothermy. salinity. thermoregulation.

osmoregulation

An organism whose body temperature fluctuates with the environment is termed ________. Multiple choice question. poikilothermic homeothermic isothermic warm-blooded

poikilothermic

An organism whose body temperature fluctuates with the environment is termed ________. Multiple choice question. homeothermic poikilothermic warm-blooded isothermic

poikilothermic not homeothermic Reason: Homeotherms maintain a constant internal body temperature.

Euryhaline invertebrates can tolerate a wide range of ______ due to their ability to osmoregulate. Multiple choice question. salinity levels temperatures pH levels pressures

salinity levels

Aquatic animals that are hyperosmotic regulators actively transport ______ across the gills and into the blood and excrete excess _____ using special organs. Multiple choice question. acids; bases solutes; water water; salts water; wastes

solutes; water

Marine invertebrates that are restricted to living within narrow salinity ranges are called ______, while those that can tolerate abrupt changes in salinity such as along coasts or in estuaries are called ______. Multiple choice question. euryhaline; ectosaline stenohaline; ectosaline stenohaline; euryhaline ectosaline; endosaline

stenohaline; euryhaline

evaporative cooling

sweating or panting

"Warm-blooded" animals that are hibernating may have a body ____________ close to freezing, therefore rendering the term "warm-blooded" problematic.

temperature

A poikilotherm is an animal whose body __________ fluctuates with environmental temperature. Multiple choice question. pH chemistry temperature metabolism

temperature

Foreign organic materials such as pharmaceutical drugs are removed from the body into urine by ______________. Multiple choice question. tubular secretion salt glands filtration tubular reabsorption

tubular secretion

The kidney regulates internal fluid volume by producing _________. Multiple choice question. sweat tears filtrate urine

urine

A contractile ________ is not a true excretory organs like nephridium and is found in unicellular eukaryotes and freshwater sponges. Multiple choice question. flame cells vacuole tubules

vacuole

Contractile vacuoles are an organ of balance used by freshwater unicellular eukaryotes to expel excess _______ gained by osmosis. Multiple choice question. water ions proteins ammonia

water

Kidneys excrete or conserve , _______ depending on fluid intake, in order to regulate the osmotic pressure of blood.

water

Osmoregulation is the maintenance of internal ______ levels. Multiple choice question. water and salt waste and nutrient temperature oxygen

water and salt

Freshwater fish maintain lower internal osmotic concentrations than those of marine organisms to help keep excess ______ from moving into the body and to prevent the loss of ______. Multiple choice question. solutes; water nutrients; wastes water; solutes wastes; nutrients

water; solutes