Homo Habilis

Point for scavenging

There are other to get protein other than hunting that may not leave a mark

Confrontational Scavenging

actively seeking hunting, and confronting prey

Parts found of Dmanisi fossils

skulls, mandibles, postcranial remains.

Evidence for hunting

(Passive) Bones that show bite marks on top and then tool marks below

Early Homo Brain Morphology

- Average Cranial Capacity = 900cc

Three place tools are found

- Butchery sites (where they are used) -Quarrying sites (where they are manufactured) -Home base (combination of the two) (debatable)

3 components of Olduwan Industry

- Core - Flake Hammerstone

BOU UP

- Daka, Bouvir, - Middle Awash, Ethiopia -1.0 mya - skull vault and post cranial remains - 995 cc

KNM-ER 42700 (4) (Hint :Elsie, Ahmed, Turkey)

- Ileret ,(koobi Fora), East Turkana -1.5 mya -691 cc - maybe female

Early Homo changes (2)

- Increased in body size and robusticity - Changes in limb proportions increases encephalization (size and complexity of brain)

2 Specimen examples for Homo Rudolfensis record number

- KNM -ER 1470 - ER 1802

3 locations where Homo Rudolfensis was found (Hint: Jovin, turkey,Ahmed

- Kanopoi, East Tanzania -East Turkana - Koobi Foora

7 Characteristics for early Homo

- Larger, more rounded brain case -Face less projecting )flat and vertical -Smaller Teeth (no Canine fossa) -Modern day body porpotions - More efficient bipedialism - Parabolic arcade shaped jaw - Small to no supaorbital torus

Early Homo Scull Morphology (7)

- Low Forehead - Thick cranial bone - Nuchal Torus - Sagital Ridge - Fairly Large posterior teeth - Prominent superorbital torus - Pentagonal skull/shape

Famous Homo erectus (7)

- Nariokatome Boy, Turkana Boy: WT 15000 - 108 bones (90% complete) - Male -1.6mya -168cm -hips narrow -880 cc

OH 5 (6)

- Olduvai George, TZ - Very Robust - Largest browriges - walls of cranial bones -1067 cc - largest of all Africa H. erectus

Where other homo habilis where found (Hint: home, home, neighbour,neighbour) (Tool, Ahmed, Cave, Birhanu and Game of thrones)

- Olduvai Gorge, TZ -Koobi Fora , Kenya -Strerkfontein, SA -Hadar, Ethiopia

Differences between Homo Habilis and Homo Rudofensis

- Rudolfensis has a larger cranial capacity (775cc to 510cc) - Rudofensis has no browridges - Rudofensis has a large flat face and habilis has a small face - Rudofensis has large posterior teeth and habilis has small one

Early Homo Body Morphology (4)

- avenger stature - average body mass - high sexual dymorphisism -increase in robusticity of skeleton

6 characteristics of first Homo Habilis found

- larger brain -larger incisors - Premolars and molars long and narrow -canines large compared to premolars -Jaw overall smaller than Australopithicine - Modern hand and foot

Homo erectus traits of Dmanisi fossils (3)

- long, low braincase - wide skull base -sagittal keeling.

4 Differences between Homo habilis and Australopiths

- more gracile - larger front teeth relative to their molars and narrow premolars - Have no grasping ability for foot -larger cranial capacity

What do stones show us

- tools are adaptations to the environment. (Olduwan tools where make it easier to obtain protein) -Tools are made in one area and used in another. Shows that they were being carried, indicates premeditation and intention

Weird thing about the fossils found for Homo habilis

-Most fossil found are females and or Juvenile

KNM- ER 3733 (Hint last years turkey) (5)

-Oldest found in Africa - 1.8 mya -East Turkana - Older female - 848cc

2 types of scavenging

1. Confrontational 2. Passive

5 facts about later Hominins

1. More widely dispersed 2. Larger 3. Committed to terrestrial habitat 4. Used more sophisticated stone tools 5. May have eaten significant quantities of meat

How old is the first homo habilis fossil found

1.75 mya

Age range of the Dmanisi fossils

1.8-1.7 mya.

How old is Homo Rudolfensis, year range

1.95 mya - 1.44 mya

most complete skull from Dmanisi (D2700) has:

1.less robust & thinner brow ridges. 2.projecting lower face. 3.large upper canines. 4.small cranial capacity -600 cc.

Number of Homo Erectus in Africa

6

Where are early Homo Found (Hint: Rising, India and Asia, Selina, Colonialist)

Africa, Indonesia, Chinese, and Europe

record numbers of fossils found in Dmanisi

D2700, D3444, D2282, D2280, D211.

Earliest African Immigrants found in

Dmanisi, George

What does the name mean

Handy Man

Same or After Homo habilis

Homo Rudolfensis

Early Homo Outside Africa called

Homo erectus

African early Homo named

Homo ergaster

Age/category of first homo habilis

Juvenile

Other Homo habilises record numbers

KNM-ER 1813 OH 24 Stw 53

What bones were found of first Homo habilis

Mandible, skull fragments, teeth, hand and foot bones

Record number of first homo habilis found

OH7

Where was first homo habilis found

Olduvai Gorge, TZ

Early Stone Tool Industry, where the earliest stone tools were found

Olduwan Industry (named after Olduvai George)

KNM - ER- 42700

Smallest H. erectus skull found

Rudofensis theory that builds on weird fact about homo habilis

Some think that Rudofensis is actually the male version of Homo Habilis

Passive Scavenging

Take what is found and left over from other s

Spiltters thoughts on Homo Rudofensis

The Homo Rudofensis specimens are slightly different from Homo Habilis so some think it is a new species