Honors Anatomy and Physiology Digestive System

The organic nutrients that provide energy for the human body are: A.) Vitamins, minerals, water B.) Carbohydrates, fats, proteins C.) Electrolytes, nucleic acids, vitamins D.) All of the above

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

Material arriving from the ileum first enters an expanded pouch called the: A.) Stomach B.) Cecum C.) Haustra D.) Ileocecal valve

Cecum

Undigested food residues are moved through the large intestine in the following sequence: A.) Cecum, colon, rectum B.) Colon, cecum, rectum C.) Ileum, colon, rectum D.) Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Cecum, colon, rectum

The three phases of gastric function include: A.) Parotid, sublingual, submandibular B.) Duodenal, jejunal, iliocecal C.) Cephalic, gastric, intestinal D.) Buccal, pharyngeal, esophageal

Cephalic, gastric, intestinal

The primary hormone that promotes the flow of bile and of pancreatic juice containing enzymes is: A.) Secretin B.) Gastrin C.) Enterogastrone D.) Cholecystokinin

Cholecystokinin

Which of the layers of the digestive tube is (are) most responsible for peristalsis along the esophagus? A.) Tunica mucosa B.) Circular and longitudinal layers C.) Tunica submucosa D.) Tunica muscularis

Circular and longitudinal layers

The functions of the gallbladder involve: A.) Contraction and synthesis B.) Contraction and absorption C.) Synthesis and absorption D.) Absorption and digestion

Contraction and absorption

An enzyme not found in pancreatic juice is: A.) Lipase B.) Amylase C.) Chymotrypsin D.) Disaccharidase

Disaccharidase

The three divisions of the small intestine are: A.) Cephalic, gastric, intestinal B.) Buccal, pharyngeal, esophageal C.) Duodenum, jejunum, ileum D.) Fundus, body, pylorus

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach functions primarily to: A.) Facilitate protein digestion B.) Facilitate lipid digestion C.) Facilitate carbohydrate digestion D.) Hydrolyze peptide bonds

Facilitate protein digestion

The intestinal epithelium absorbs monosaccharides by: A.) Carrier micelles and chylomicrons B.) Net osmosis and diffusion C.) Facilitated diffusion and cotransport mechanisms D.) Active transport and net osmosis

Facilitated diffusion and cotransport mechanisms

Which of the following is secreted by the stomach? A.) Galactase B.) Gastrin C.) Ptyalin D.) Secretin

Gastrin

The mucous-producing, unicellular glands found in the mucosal epithelium of the stomach and small and large intestine are: A.) Enteroendocrine cells B.) Parietal cells C.) Chief cells D.) Goblet cells

Goblet cells

When two fluids are separated by a selectively permeable membrane, water tends to flow into the solution that has the: A.) Lower concentration of solutes B.) Same osmolarity on each side of the membrane C.) Higher concentration of solutes D.) Proper osmotic equilibrium

Higher concentration of solutes

The hormone gastrin: A.) Is produced in response to sympathetic stimulation B.) Is secreted by the pancreatic islets C.) Increases the activity of parietal and chief cells D.) Inhibits the activity of the muscularis externa of the stomach

Increases the activity of parietal and chief cells

The active process that occurs when materials enter the digestive tract via the mouth is: A.) Secretion B.) Ingestion C.) Absorption D.) Excretion

Ingestion

What happens to salivary amylase after it is swallowed? A.) It is compacted and becomes part of the feces B.) It is absorbed and resecreted by the salivary glands C.) It is absorbed in the duodenum and broken down into amino acids in the liver D.) It is digested and absorbed in the small intestine

It is digested and absorbed in the small intestine

Solid food and liquids are carried from the pharyngeal region to the stomach by the: A.) Oropharynx B.) Nasopharynx C.) Laryngopharynx D.) Esophagus

Laryngopharynx

Strong contractions of the ascending and transverse colon moving the contents of the colon toward the Sigmoid colon are called: A.) Defecation B.) Pendular movements C.) Segmentation D.) Mass peristalsis

Mass peristalsis

Swirling, mixing, and churning motions of the digestive tract provide: A.) Action of acids, enzymes, and buffers B.) Mechanical processing after ingestion C.) Chemical breakdown of food into small fragments D.) All of the above

Mechanical processing after ingestion

Sympathetic stimulation of the muscularis externa promotes: A.) Muscular inhibition and relaxation B.) Increased muscular tone and activity C.) Muscular contraction and increased excitation D.) Increased digestive and gastric motility

Muscular inhibition and relaxation

On its way to the esophagus, food normally passes through the: A.) Esophageal sphincter B.) Oropharynx and laryngopharynx C.) Pharyngeal sphincter D.) All of the above

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Accelerated secretions by the salivary glands, resulting in the production of watery saliva containing abundant enzymes, are promoted by: A.) Sympathetic stimulation B.) Parasympathetic stimulation C.) The gastroenteric reflex D.) Excessive secretion of salivary amylase

Parasympathetic stimulation

The three pairs of salivary glands that secrete into the oral cavity include: A.) Pharyngeal, palatoglossal, palatopharyngeal B.) Lingual, labial, frenulum C.) Uvular, ankyloglossal, hypoglossal D.) Parotid, sublingual, submandibular

Parotid, sublingual, submandibular

The pharyngeal muscles that push the food bolus toward the esophagus are the: A.) Pharyngeal constrictor muscles B.) Palatopharyngeus muscles C.) Palatus muscles D.) Stylopharyngeus muscles

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

The inferior end of the esophagus normally remains in a state of active contraction that: A.) Prevents air from entering into the esophagus B.) Allows food to move rapidly into the stomach C.) Prevents the backflow of materials from the stomach into the esophagus D.) Initiates the movement of food from the stomach into the small intestine

Prevents the backflow of materials from the stomach into the esophagus

In addition to storage of fecal material and absorption of some vitamins, an important function of the large intestine is: A.) Reabsorption of water B.) To produce bilirubin, which gives feces its brown coloration C.) Production of intestinal gas D.) All of the above

Reabsorption of water

The lining of the digestive tract plays a defensive role by protecting surrounding tissues against: A.) Corrosive effects of digestive acids and enzymes B.) Mechanical stresses C.) Pathogenic organisms swallowed with food D.) All of the above

All of the above

The primary function(s) of the liver is (are): A.) Metabolic regulation B.) Hematological regulation C.) Bile production D.) All of the above

All of the above

Undigested food residues are moved through the colon in the following sequence: A.) Ascending, descending, transverse, Sigmoid B.) Descending, transverse, ascending, Sigmoid C.) Ascending, transverse, descending, Sigmoid D.) Descending, ascending, transverse, Sigmoid

Ascending, transverse, descending, Sigmoid

The myenteric plexus (Auerbach) of the intestinal tract is found: A.) Within the mucosa B.) Within the submucosa C.) Within the circular muscle layer D.) Between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers

Between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers

Crushing, mashing, and grinding of food are best accomplished by the action of the: A.) Incisors B.) Bicuspids C.) Cuspids D.) Molars

Bicuspids

The vitamins liberated by bacterial action and absorbed in the large intestine are: A.) ADEK B.) Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin C.) Vitiamins C, D, E D.) Biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin K

Biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin K

The submandibular gland produces saliva, which is: A.) Primarily a mucus secretion B.) Primarily a serous secretion C.) Both mucus and serous D.) Neither mucus nor serous

Both mucus and serous

The three phases of deglutition are: A.) Parotid, sublingual, submandibular B.) Pharyngeal, palatopharyngeal, stylopharyngeal C.) Buccal, pharyngeal, esophageal D.) Palatal, lingual, mesial

Buccal, pharyngeal, esophageal

Of the following selections, the one which contains only accessory structures is: A.) Pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine B.) Oral cavity, stomach, pancreas, and liver C.) Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder D.) Tongue, teeth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

The contractions of the stomach are inhibited by: A.) Secretin B.) Gastrin C.) Pepsinogen D.) Trypsin

Secretin

Which one of the following organs is not a part of the digestive system? A.) Liver B.) Gallbladder C.) Spleen D.) Pancreas

Spleen

Once a bolus of food has entered the laryngopharynx, swallowing continues involuntarily due to the: A.) Swallowing reflex B.) Size of the bolus C.) Peristaltic activity D.) All of the above

Swallowing reflex

The longitudinal ribbon of smooth muscle visible on the outer surfaces of the colon just beneath the serosa are the: A.) Haustrae B.) Taenia coli C.) Epiploic appendages D.) Vermiform appendix

Taenia coli

Which of the following is true about peristalsis in the esophagus? A.) The rate of peristaltic waves in the esophagus is constant. B.) The peristalsis is controlled by the nervous system. C.) The peristalsis is controlled by the endocrine system. D.) Peristalsis is controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems.

The peristalsis is controlled by the nervous system

The enzyme lactase, which digests lactose to glucose and galactose, is synthesized by: A.) The stomach B.) The pancreas C.) Epithelial cells lining the small intestine D.) Brunner's glands

The stomach

Stomach emptying occurs more rapidly when: A.) There is a greater volume of stomach contents B.) There is a greater of duodenal contents C.) There is more fat in the stomach D.) The material in the stomach is hyperosmotic to the plasma

There is a greater volume of stomach contents

A molecule absorbed into the lacteals of the lymphatic system within the walls of the small intestine is: A.) Glucose B.) Fat C.) Vitamin B12 D.) Amino acids

Vitamin B12

The nutrients that can be absorbed without preliminary processing but may involve special transport mechanisms are: A.) Nucleic acids, minerals, enzymes B.) Sugar, amino acids, fatty acids C.) Water, electrolytes, vitamins D.) Lactose, fructose, galactose

Water, electrolytes, vitamins