Honors Biology: The Cell

centriole

A basal body is most closely related to a:

chloroplast

A cellular structure found in plant but not animal cells is the:

Has a variety of membranous organelles

A eukaryotic cell:

breakdown of unneeded cellular materials

All of the following functions are performed by plant vacuoles EXCEPT: -maintaining hydrostatic (turgor) pressure. -waste storage and recycling -storage of proteins. -breakdown of unneeded cellular materials. -Storage of nucleic acids.

Chromatin

DNA is associated with proteins, forming a complex called:

separates components of the cell that have different densities

Differential centrifugation is a process that:

basic similarities in cell structure and chemistry

Evidence that all living cells have a common origin is provided by:

protein synthesis

If a toxin, such as a bacterial toxin, destroys ribosomes, what cellular activity will be affected first?

reactants are within close proximity to each other

Membrane-bounded organelles facilitate faster chemical reactions because:

RNA

Nucleoli contain chromosomal regions that specialize in making:

Detoxification

One function of peroxisomes involve the process of:

Golgi complex

Proteins made on ribosomes may be further modified within the:

Ribosome

Refer to Figure 4-2. The cellular structure indicated by the arrow is called a(n):

Label D

Refer to the figure. If you treated this organelle to remove ONLY the chlorophyll, which label indicates the portion of the organelle that would be most directly affected by this treatment?

Golgi complex

The ___________ can be considered a sorting, processing and packaging center.

accepting vesicles from the ER

The cis face of the Golgi complex is most directly involved in which of the following?

Label A

The enzymes needed for the formation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water occurs in the portion of Figure 4-4 labeled:

conversion of food molecules to ATP

The main process that occurs at the site of the structures marked by arrows in Figure 4-3 is:

plays a central role in energy metabolism

The organelle featured in Figure 4-3:

synthesis lipids

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum:

B and D (cilia and flagella)

The structures in the micrograph are:

cristae

The structures indicated by the arrows in Figure 4-3 are:

chloroplasts and mitochondria are completely autonomous within eukaryotic cells.

The theory that chloroplasts and mitochondria had their evolutionary beginnings in eukaryotic cells as endosymbionts is supported by all of the following EXCEPT: -chloroplasts and mitochondria are completely autonomous within eukaryotic cells. -chloroplasts and mitochondria have DNA -chloroplasts and mitochondria have small ribosomes for protein synthesis -chloroplasts and mitochondria are approximately the same size as prokaryotic cells. -chloroplasts and mitochondria have the same shape as prokaryotic cells.

Epithelial cells are rectangular.

Which of the following descriptions or structures does NOT match the cell type? -Sperm cells have flagella -Nerve cells have long, thin extensions. -Epithelial cells are rectangular. -White blood cells can change shape. -All of these are correct

Protein synthesis

Which of the following functions would most likely be occurring in the structure surrounded by the box in Figure 4-2?

middle lemella

Which of the following is (are) located between the primary walls of adjacent cells?

microtubules

Which of the following is a key component of the cytoskeleton? -centrosomes -microtubules -DNA -ribosomes -endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

Which of the following organelles plays an important role in apoptosis, or programmed cell death?

Centrosome-cell division

Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? -chloroplast--storage of enzymes -lysosome--powerhouse of the cell -centrosome--cell division -plastids--structural support of the cell -Golgi complex--production of energy

They play a role in ribosomal RNA synthesis

Which of the following statements concerning centrioles is FALSE? -They are present in most animal cells but not most plant cells - They are duplicated before cell division. -They play a role in ribosomal RNA synthesis. -They are found in the centrosome -They are thought to play a role in microtubule assembly.

ribosomes

Which of the following structures or activities is NOT directly part of the endomembrane system? -nuclear membrane -lysosomes -ribosomes -plasma membrane -Golgi Complex

chloroplasts

Which of the following structures wouldn't be found in cells of a plant's roots?

A small cell has a small volume relative to surface area, thereby increasing efficient transport.

It is advantageous for cells to be small because:

cis face to medical region to trans face

A glycoprotein destined for secretion from the cell would move through the Golgi complex in this sequence:

nucleus

A single cell in a smoker's lung has become cancerous. It doubles its DNA and divides much faster than a normal lung cell. The most likely change that would have caused this condition took place in the: