Honors Chemistry Semester 1 Exam Review

2100 2100

2.1 liters is the same as: _____________ cm^3 and _____________ mL

22,400 22,400

22.4 liters is the same as: _______________ cm3 and _______________ mL

556

283°C = __________ K

A3B

3 A2 + B2 yields 2 units of product 3 AA + BB yields 2 products 3 volumes + 1 volume yields 2 volumes product 3 liters + 1 liter yields 2 liters product 3 moles A2 + 1 mole B2 yields 2 moles product Click to get the correct formula for the product of the reaction. ______________

3,450,000,000

3.45 kilometers = ___________________________________ micrometer(s) 0.00000000345 3,450,000,000 0.0000000345 345,000

Avogadro's number

6.02 X 10 23; the number of atoms, molecules, or particles in a mole

336

63°C = __________ K

941 0.941

941 milliliters is the same as: _____________ cm^3 and __________________ L

-177

96 K = __________°C

770 L

A 25-liter sample of steam at 100°C and 1.0 atm is cooled to 25°C and expanded until the pressure is 19.71 mm Hg. If no water condenses, calculate the final volume of the water vapor. 240 L 770 L 1.0 L 1.3 x 10 -3 L

0.92

A 56 g sample of peanut oil has a volume of 60.9 cm³. Calculate the density of the peanut oil. Remember to use the correct number of significant digits in your answer. Density = ____________ g/cm3

mass

A measure of the quantity of matter in an object.

suspension

A mixture in which the particles eventually settle out is called a: colloid saturated suspension solution

colloid

A mixture in which the suspended particles are too small to be seen with the naked eye

heterogeneous

A mixture of uneven distribution and easy separation is called: homogeneous heterogeneous a standard a solution

900 K

A diesel engine's piston compresses 16 cm3 of fuel-air mixture into 1 cm3. The pressure changes from 1 atmosphere to 48 atmospheres. If the initial temperature of the gas was 305 K, what was the final temperature? Note: As long as the units for pressure and volume are the same on both sides of the equation, they will cancel. Temperature, however, must be in units of kelvin. Be sure to use the proper number of significant figures. 900 K 100 K 915 K 1.09 x 10 -3 K

evaporation

A dynamic situation when the number of molecules leaving the liquid is greater than the number returning

False

A gamma ray is a very high speed particle with no charge. True False

increased 340

A gas occupies 210 mL at -73°C. To have the same gas occupy 360 mL, should the temperature be increased or decreased? ______________________ What is the new temperature? ____________ K

theory

A generalized model used to explain how something happens and is used to predict answers to related evidence and problems.

solution

A homogeneous mixture, usually a liquid with some substance dissolved in it

period

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table is known as a _________________.

after gathering initial data and defining the research

A hypothesis is made: after gathering initial data and defining the research at the conclusion of an experiment at the conclusion of all research at some point during an experimen

theory

A hypothesis which appears to be verified by multiple experiments and/or researchers may become a: _________________________

True

People in the chemical industry supply man-made chemicals essential to human needs and desires. True False

technicians

Personnel who operate and maintain sophisticated chemical equipment are: marketing personnel corporate managers technicians lawyers

1 yd = 36 in 1 kg = 1000 g

Pick the TWO conversions which are exact. 1 mile = 1.61 Km 1 yd = 36 in 1 kg = 2.204 lb 1 kg = 1000 g

Always read a graduated cylinder from the bottom of the meniscus. Graduated cylinders are used to measure volume.

Pick the TWO true statements from the following: All graduated cylinders measure liquids with the same precision. Always read a graduated cylinder from the bottom of the meniscus. Graduated cylinders are used to measure volume. Graduated cylinders are the only instruments used to measure volume in the laboratory.

False

Pitchblende is an ore of plutonium. True False

photosynthesis

Plants make glucose by a chemical process called: photosynthesis chlorophyll glucosynthesis glucolysis

False

Plastic products are made from inorganic compounds. True False

True

Platinum will scratch gold. True False

True

Precision is related to the uncertainty in a measurement. True False

True

Properties of elements can be predicted from their placement on the periodic table. True False

433.1 6.60

Read the balance and use this data to determine the density of a sample. The sample displaced 65.6 mL of water. mass = _____________ g density = ___________ g/cm3

1.200 g

Read the scales of this balance. The unknown sample has a mass of: 1.200 g 1.220 g 1.012 kg 11.2 g

high liquefaction

Real gases may be expected to deviate from Charles's Law at ____________ pressures near the ____________________________________ temperature.

objective

Real reasoning based on data or facts

34

Refer to the example about diatomic gases A and B in the text to do problems 19 - 27. How many grams of product are formed? (Remember the law of conservation of mass) ________ g

67.2 44.8

Refer to the example about diatomic gases A and B in the text to do problems 19 - 27. 22.4 liters of gas B are needed to react with ___________ liters of gas A to form ___________ liters of product, all measured at the same temperature and pressure.

1 2

Refer to the example about diatomic gases A and B in the text to do problems 19 - 27. For 3 moles, AA, how many moles of BB will be required? ____ How many moles of product will be made? _____ mol

6

Refer to the example about diatomic gases A and B in the text to do problems 19 - 27. How many grams in 3 moles of A2? ____

1

Refer to the example about diatomic gases A and B in the text to do problems 19 - 27. How many moles of B2 are needed to completely react with 3 moles of A2? _____

2

Refer to the example about diatomic gases A and B in the text to do problems 19 - 27. How many moles of product are formed? _____ mol

28

Refer to the example about diatomic gases A and B in the text to do problems 19 - 27. It was determined that 1 mole of B2 is needed to react with 3 moles of A2. How many grams in one mole of B2? ________ g

17

Refer to the example about diatomic gases A and B in the text to do problems 19 - 27. What is the mass of one mole of product? (Remember the law of conservation of mass) ________ g

False

Research has shown that the electrons orbit the nucleus in circular motions exactly as shown on the classic Bohr model. True False

3.340 g/cm 3

Researchers have discovered that a moon rock brought back by the Apollo astronauts has a mass of 5.671 kg and a volume of 1,698 cm3. What is the density of the rock? Remember to use the correct number of significant digits in your answer. 3.340 g/cm 3 3.3398 g/cm 3 0.2994 g/cm 3 3.3398 x 10^-3 g/cm 3

False

Researchers have now been able to cool substances to absolute zero. True False

hardness

Resistance of a material to being scratched

0.065

Round 0.0645 g to 2 significant figures: ______________ g

0.095

Round 0.0952 km to 2 significant figures: ______________ km

23.46

Round 23.455 cm to 4 significant figures: ______________ cm

6.36

Round 6.362 cg to 3 significant figures: ______________ cg

the theory that uranium successively disintegrated to lead

Rutherford and Soddy's research involved: deflection of alpha particles caused by positive nucleus defining the components of atomic nuclei the theory that uranium successively disintegrated to lead none of the above

defining the components of nuclei

Rutherford's research was primarily involved with: electron distribution defining the components of nuclei using electromagnetic energy

True

Scientific notation is used to keep track of very small and vary large numbers during mathematical calculations. True False

deductive reasoning

Scientific predictions based on laws are formulated using: subjective reasoning deductive reasoning presuppositions inductive reasoning

True

Scientists have not yet determined exactly why electrons do not collapse into the nucleus. True False

Significant figures communicate the level of precision in measurements Significant figures in a measurement are all measured digits, and one estimated digit Significant figures are an indicator of the certainty in measurements

Select all that apply. Which of the following statements are true? Significant figures communicate the level of precision in measurements Significant figures in a measurement are all measured digits, and one estimated digit None of these Significant figures are an indicator of the certainty in measurements

1s22s22p1

Select the correct electron configuration for Boron. (Atomic Number 5) 1s32s12p1 1s22s22p1 1s22s3 1s22s12p2

1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3

Select the correct electron configuration for Vanadium. (Atomic Number 23) 1s22s22p63s23p84s23d1 1s22s22p53s23p74s13d4 1s22s62p33s23p44s23d5 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3

4

Select the number of valence electrons for carbon. _____

7

Select the number of valence electrons for fluorine. _____

1

Select the number of valence electrons for hydrogen. ____

5

Select the number of valence electrons for nitrogen. _____

False

Since carbon-14 decays at a steady rate, it is a reliable method to determine the age of rock samples. True False

False

Solids can often diffuse into a liquid, but a solid cannot diffuse into another solid. True False

increases

Temperature _________________________ as the average kinetic energy of a gas increases.

decreases

Temperature __________________________ as the average kinetic energy of a gas decreases.

False

Temperature is a direct measurement of the energy contained in a substance. True False

7.00 L

Ten grams of a gas occupies 12.5 liters at a pressure of 42.0 cm Hg. What is the volume when the pressure has increased to 75.0 cm Hg? 6.00 L 7.00 L 8.00 L none of the above

time

That which flows onward uniformly.

False

The "particles" of a gas are actually protons or electrons. True False

gases, energy, temperature, phases

The Kinetic Molecular Theory helps explain relationships between: gravity, temperature, nuclear forces gases, energy, temperature, phases conversion of mass to energy to mass energy conversion between kinetic and potential energy all of the above

False

The Mohs hardness scale increases linearly from 1 to 10. True False

True

The Periodic Law states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic within the sequence of their atomic numbers. True False

False

The broad bands or regions located around the nucleus where the electrons are found are called energy rings. True False

energy level

The broad bands or regions located around the nucleus where the electrons are found.

production

The career area of chemistry which is involved in the manufacturing of products is: marketing R&D product development production management

nucleus

The central core of the atom containing most of the mass and made up of protons and neutrons.

False

The combining of the nuclei of atoms is known as nuclear fission. True False

True

The components of a mixture maintain their original properties. True False

T1/T2=V1/V2 V/T=k

The correct form(s) of the formula for Charles's Law is (are): V1 = T2k T1/T2=V1/V2 V1T1=V2T2 V/T=k

extrapolation

The dashed segment of the plotted experiment in the graph in the lesson is called an: extrapolation assumption extension interpolation

False

The daughter products of nuclear explosions produce heavy but stable isotopes of uranium. True False

False

The density of a gas cannot be measured. True False

False

The nuclear product of radioactive decay is called the offspring nuclide. True False

Avogadro's number

The number of atoms or molecules in a mole = 6.02 x 10 23 particles.

Avogadro's number

The number of particles in one mole of a substance is: molecular weight molecular number Avogadro's weight Avogadro's number

atomic mass or mass number

The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus.

630

The original conditions in a container filled with gas at constant temperature are 183 mL and 310 mm Hg. The desired new volume is 90.6 mL. What pressure should be applied? ____________ mm Hg

True

The particles of a suspension are dissolved into the solvent. True False

meter

The primary unit of length in the metric system is the: meter millimeter kilometer centimeter

triple point

The temperature and pressure at which all three phases exist simultaneously

Kelvin

The temperature scale that starts with absolute zero is the ___________________ scale.

a direct linear function

The temperature-volume relationship shown in the graph in the lesson represents: a direct linear function an inverse linear function an inverse hyperbolic function a direct extrapolated function

Kinetic Molecular Theory

The theory that attempts to explain gas behavior at the molecular level

False

The three aspects of the measuring process are units, systems, and instruments. True False

half-life

The time required for a radioactive mass to reduce by a factor of 2 is called: time factor half-life decay rate decay constant

True

The two common units of E are electron volts and Kcal/mole. True False

False

The two elements isolated by the Curies were radium and uranium. True False

g/cm^3

The usual units of density are: cm^2/g g/cm g/cm^3 cm^3/g Nm

boiling point

The vapor pressure is equal to the outside air pressure at a liquid's ____________________________________________________________. freezing point boiling point triple point vapor point

True

The various components of a mixture do not combine chemically. True False

545

The volume of a gas is 605 liters at 27.0°C. The new temperature is -3.0°C. What is the new volume? (Remember to convert temperatures to the Kelvin scale.) ______________ L

False

There is only one preparation path which will lead to a career in chemistry. True False

record the data in writing

To ensure accurate recall of the experimental data, at minimum one should: make sure at least two people are observing the experiment take digital pictures of the experiment record the data in writing videotape the experiment

interpolate

To insert between neighboring points or estimate by taking an average of known values

1,300 cm 3

To test the effectiveness of a gunpowder mixture, 1 gram was exploded under controlled STP conditions, and the reaction chamber was found to expand to 310 cm3. What volume would these gases occupy at the temperature produced by an uncontrolled explosion (2,200°C) and 2.1 atmospheres of pressure? 7.7 x 10 4 cm 3 1,000 cm 3 5,900 cm 3 1,300 cm 3

Compound B may have a lower molecular weight.

Two compounds are standing at the same temperature. Compound "A" is evaporating more slowly than compound "B." According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, which assumption can be made? Compound A may have a lower molecular weight. Compound B has a greater average kinetic energy. Compound A has a greater average kinetic energy. Compound B may have a lower molecular weight.

protons

Two isotopes of the same element will always have the same number of ____________________.

mixture

Two or more substances dispersed in one another but each retaining their own identity

low temperatures high pressure

Under what conditions will deviations from the "ideal" gas be expected? Select all that apply. low temperatures low pressure high temperatures high pressure

True

Unknown compounds can usually be identified based solely on their physical properties. True False

radioactive

Unstable and capable of disintegrating into different elements, producing radiation and energy.

238 556

Uranium has an atomic weight of 238 amu. Weight of one mole of uranium = __________ g/mol Weight of one mole of oxygen = 16.00 g The molar mass or molecular weight for U205 is _____________ g/mol.

60

Using the following data table and graph, calculate the average k from the data. Amount CO2 (mL) Amount of White Solid y x 10 0.15 20 0.30 30 0.46 40 0.62 50 0.77 k = _______

Zn

Using the ideas from this section and the periodic table, choose the more reactive metal. Al or Zn _____

Cs

Using the ideas from this section and the periodic table, choose the more reactive metal. Cs or Na _____

K

Using the ideas from this section and the periodic table, choose the more reactive metal. K or Cu _____

F

Using the ideas from this section and the periodic table, choose the more reactive nonmetal. C or F _____

F

Using the ideas from this section and the periodic table, choose the more reactive nonmetal. F or Cl _____

O

Using the ideas from this section and the periodic table, choose the more reactive nonmetal. P or O _____

40.08 40.08

Using the periodic table, complete the following. Element: calcium symbol: Ca Atomic weight: _________________ g Mass of one mole: _________________ g/mol

70.90 70.90

Using the periodic table, complete the following. Element: chlorine symbol: Cl2 Molecular weight: ________________ g Mass of one mole: ________________ g/mol

2.016 2.016

Using the periodic table, complete the following. Element: hydrogen symbol: H2 Molecular weight: _________________ g Mass of one mole: _________________ g/mol

55.85 55.85

Using the periodic table, complete the following. Element: iron symbol: Fe Atomic weight: ______________ g Mass of one mole: ______________ g/mol

32.00 32.00

Using the periodic table, complete the following. Element: oxygen symbol: O2 Molecular weight: _________________ g Mass of one mole: _________________ g/mol

238 238

Using the periodic table, complete the following. Element: uranium symbol: U Atomic weight: ___________ g Mass of one mole: ___________ g/mol

neon

Using the periodic table, find the neutral atom that has the same electron configuration as 1s2 2s2 2p6. carbon boron neon phosphorus

yes

Using this balance, can you estimate the mass to the nearest milligram? no yes

malachite, Cu2CO3(OH)2

Using your knowledge of symbols, determine which compound listed must contain both copper and oxygen. glucose, C6H12O6 calcite, CaCO3 malachite, Cu2CO3(OH)2 chalcopyrite, CuFeS2

39,370

Utilizing dimensional analysis, find the number of inches in a kilometer given that 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters. 39,370,078 0.393 39,370 39.3

directly

Vapor pressure is _______________________ related to the temperature of the liquid.

True

Volume is the space occupied by a quantity of matter. True False

92.5

Volume of water displaced = ____________ mL

28.01

Weight of one mole of carbon = 12.01 g Weight of one mole of oxygen = 16.00 g The molecular weight (gram formula weight) for CO is _________________.

multiple orbitals of specific magnitude within an energy level

What are energy sublevels? only those energy levels that overlap others electrons whose energy has dropped to a lower state multiple energy levels of any magnitude within an energy level multiple orbitals of specific magnitude within an energy level

discover new products and processes

What are the primary responsibilities of a chemical engineer involved in "R&D"? discover new products and processes train new chemists develop large scale manufacturing operations determine products needed by consumers

a quantum release of energy as electrons drop back to their ground state

What causes the lines in the emission spectrum for elements? a continuous release of energy from the heated element a quantum absorption of energy as various electrons are excited to a higher energy level a quantum release of energy as electrons drop back to their ground state none of the above

the same number of electron energy levels transition from a metal to noble gas

What do the elements of a period have in common? Select all that apply. the same number of electron energy levels similar physical characteristics transition from a metal to noble gas similar chemical characteristics

research and development

What does "R&D" mean? reading and design research and design reading and development research and development

the energy required to remove the third valence electron

What does the symbol "E3" represent? the energy required to remove an electron in the third energy level the energy of electrons in the third energy level the energy required to remove three of the outermost electrons the energy required to remove the third valence electron

a neutron of zero charge and one unit of mass

What does this symbol, 1/0 n, mean? a neutron of zero mass and one unit positive charge an electron of negligible mass and one unit of charge a neutron of zero charge and one unit of mass a proton of negligible mass and one unit positive charge

no

Can colloidal suspensions be separated out by filtration? no yes

inorganic organic organic inorganic organic inorganic organic inorganic organic inorganic inorganic

Classify each item as organic or inorganic. NaCl: ___________________ phenol (C6H6O): ___________________ C2H6: ___________________. Ca3(PO4)2: ___________________ formaldehyde (CH2O): ___________________ MgCO3: ___________________ vitamin D2 (C27H40O): ___________________ mercury sulfate (HgS): ___________________ butane (C4H10): ___________________ sand (SiO2): ___________________ water (H2O): ___________________

physical chemical chemical physical

Classify each of the following as a physical change or a chemical change. grinding glass: ___________________ rusting of iron: ___________________ burning a candle: ___________________ sanding wood: ___________________

physical chemical chemical physical

Classify each of the following as a physical change or a chemical change. melting ice: ___________________ souring of milk: ___________________ food: ___________________ water: ___________________

False

Colloidal particles will eventually settle out. True False

False

Colloids are true solutions. True False

1e -

Complete the chemical change. Na → Na+ + ________ 2e - 1e - proton

Cl

Complete the chemical change. _____ + e - → Cl - Cl Cl + Cl -2

is emitted from the nucleus has a -1 charge is an electron

Complete the sentence. Select all that apply. A beta particle: is electromagnetic energy is emitted from the nucleus has zero charge has a +2 charge has a -1 charge is an electron

the relationship between outer shell and chemical properties quantum energy emissions orbits of electrons

Complete the sentence. Select all that apply. The discoveries of Niels Bohr were: the relationship between outer shell and chemical properties quantum energy emissions static electricity the charge on the electron orbits of electrons

adding a proton of zero mass to the nucleus no change in mass

Complete the sentence. Select all that apply. The emission of a Beta particle has the effect of: increasing mass by one unit adding a proton of zero mass to the nucleus decreasing mass by one unit adding a proton to the nucleus no change in mass

a full valence shell the properties of a noble gas

Complete the sentence. Select all that apply. The last element in any period always has: five electrons in the outermost energy level a full valence shell the properties of a noble gas the lowest atomic mass because it is a gas

n = 1, 2, 3, ... a quantized amount of energy found at the dfferent levels

Complete the sentence. Select all that apply. The use of the term "energy levels" in the text implies: n = 1, 2, 3, ... orbitals a quantized amount of energy found at the dfferent levels s, p, d, f groups

heterogeneous

Composed of dissimilar parts which can be separated easily and which are unevenly distributed in the mixture

organic

Compounds that contain carbon

inorganic

Compounds that do not contain carbon

False

Computers are capable of inductive reasoning. True False

subjective

Conclusions drawn from personal beliefs are: inductive deductive objective subjective

True

Conclusions related to historical events are limited to evaluating the existing evidence. True False

2 1 2

Count the number of molecules in the diagram of water formation given in the lesson to complete the following reaction. _____ H2 + _____ O2 → _____ H2O

How much mass per unit of volume is in a substance

Density is a measure of what? How much mass per unit of volume is in a substance How much mass is in a substance How much volume is in a substance

False

Density is inversely proportional to pressure. True False

quantitative

Description based on numbers, mathematics or measurements

objective

Descriptions based on measurement or reasoning free of bias are: subjective inductive objective deductive

1.25 cm

Determine the length of the object shown. 1.250 cm 1.25 cm 1.2 cm 1.3 cm

5.60 cm

Determine the length of the object shown. 5.6 cm 5.600 cm 6 cm 5.60 cm

72.5 mm

Determine the length of the object shown. 72.50 mm 7.2 cm 72.5 mm 7 cm

97.8 mm

Determine the length of the object shown. 97.8 mm 97 mm 98 mm 97.80 mm

3

Determine the number of valence electrons for aluminum through the use of this table. Al = _____

2

Determine the number of valence electrons for magnesium through the use of this table. Mg = _____

1

Determine the number of valence electrons for sodium through the use of this table. Na = _____

12.78 mL

Determine the volume of fluid in the graduated cylinder shown. 12.7 mL 12.78 mL 12.88 mL 12.8 mL

22.5 mL

Determine the volume of fluid in the graduated cylinder shown. 22 mL 22.5 mL 23 mL 23.0 mL

47.3 mL

Determine the volume of fluid in the graduated cylinder shown. 47 mL 47.5 mL 47.7 mL 47.3 mL

8.13 mL

Determine the volume of fluid in the graduated cylinder shown. 8.23 mL 8.135 mL 8.15 mL 8.13 mL

product development

Developing a pilot test production facility is the responsibility of: theoretical chemists marketing production engineers product development

True

Diamond will scratch quartz. True False

inductive reasoning

Drawing a conclusion from many observations concerning a possible common cause and forming a general rule

have similar chemical properties

Elements listed in vertical columns of the periodic table: are metals have similar chemical properties can combine with each other chemically have similar physical properties

quantum

Energy available or given off in specific, predictable quantities

quantum

Energy available or given off in specific, predictable quantities.

False

Environmental engineers are often involved in the safety of the workers and consumers. True False

the emissions of radioactive elements the proton

Ernest Rutherford is credited with which discoveries? Select all that apply. the electron the emissions of radioactive elements the neutron the proton

homogeneous

Even distribution of parts throughout the whole mixture; not easily separated into individual components

Condensation occurs at 0°C.

Examine the graph below: https://assets.learnosity.com/organisations/328/1eecec3b-288f-4ae4-836f-668a19817428/gas_data.gif Choose which of the following is NOT true: Absolute zero on the Kelvin scale is equivalent to -273°C. Condensation occurs at 0°C. The gas follows a linear relationship between volume and temperature. Liquefaction of the gas occurs at approximately -155°C.

6 12 6 180.156

Example: Compound formula: MgCl2 Element: Mg # of Atoms: 1 Element: Cl # of Atoms: 2 gram formula weight (g): 95.21 Compound Formula: C₆H₁₂O₆ Element: C # of Atoms: ____ Element: H # of Atoms: ____ Element: O # of Atoms: ____ gram formula weight (g): ____________________

36.46

Example: Compound formula: MgCl2 Element: Mg # of Atoms: 1 Element: Cl # of Atoms: 2 gram formula weight (g): 95.21 Compound Formula: HCl Element: H # of Atoms: 312 Element: Cl # of Atoms: 312 gram formula weight (g): _____________

1 1 3 101.11

Example: Compound formula: MgCl2 Element: Mg # of Atoms: 1 Element: Cl # of Atoms: 2 gram formula weight (g): 95.21 Compound Formula: KNO3 Element: K # of Atoms: _____ Element: N # of Atoms: _____ Element: O # of Atoms: _____ gram formula weight (g): ___________________

2 1 3 105.99

Example: Compound formula: MgCl2 Element: Mg # of Atoms: 1 Element: Cl # of Atoms: 2 gram formula weight (g): 95.21 Compound Formula: Na2CO3 Element: Na # of Atoms: _____ Element: C # of Atoms: _____ Element: O # of Atoms: _____ gram formula weight (g): __________________

number of atoms

Example: Compound formula: MgCl2 Element: Mg # of Atoms: 1 Element: Cl # of Atoms: 2 gram formula weight (g): 95.21 What do the small numbers of 12, 22, and 11 stand for in C12H22O11? number of atoms relative weight number of molecules atomic weight

colorless slight -218 -183

Fill in the physical properties of oxygen cited in the text: color: ________________________ solubility in water: ________________ freezing point: __________°C boiling point: __________°C

inductive

Forming a hypothesis is accomplished through _______________________________ reasoning.

AlF3

Formula New Combination Predicted Formula AlCl3 aluminum+fluorine ___________

SiBr4

Formula New Combination Predicted Formula CCl4 silicon + bromine ________________

SnO2

Formula New Combination Predicted Formula CO2 tin + oxygen ___________

Csl

Formula New Combination Predicted Formula HCl cesium + iodine _________

CaBr2

Formula New Combination Predicted Formula MgCl2 calcium + bromine _______________

KCl

Formula New Combination Predicted Formula NaCl potassium+chlorine ___________

resultant force of all collisions with the container walls.

Gas pressure in a closed system is caused by: heat given off by constant collisions resultant force of all collisions with the container walls. compression of the gas rapid diffusion of gas through the system

qualitative

Generalized descriptions based on senses

2

Give the number of significant figures: 0.011 cm Significant figures: _____

4

Give the number of significant figures: 0.01101 cm Significant figures: ____

3

Give the number of significant figures: 0.882 mm Significant figures: _____

6

Give the number of significant figures: 13,436.0 mm Significant figures: _____

3

Give the number of significant figures: 3.10 cm Significant figures: _____

6

Give the number of significant figures: 369,132,000 sec Significant figures: _____

3

Give the number of significant figures: 6.32 g Significant figures: _____

4

Give the number of significant figures: 7.110 g Significant figures: _____

3

Give the number of significant figures: 832,000 km Significant figures: _____

4

Give the number of significant figures: 92.06 kg Significant figures: ______

phase diagram

Graph showing how phases are affected by changes in temperature or pressure

True

Hardness is a physical property. True False

strength of chemical bonds

Hardness is indirectly related to: surface roughness strength of chemical bonds mass weight

True

Hardness may be defined as the resistance of a material to scratching. True False

1.1 g

Helium has a density of 1.79 x 10^-4 g/mL at standard temperature and pressure. A balloon has a volume of 6.3 liters. Calculate the mass of helium that it would take to fill the balloon. 1.1 g 35,000 g 1.1 x 10^-3 g 2.8 x 10^-5 g

alpha particle

Helium nucleus emitted from the nucleus of a decaying isotope; represented by He 2+.

mercury

Hg

gamma ray

High energy ray emitted from some radioactive atoms.

It produces chemical stability, therefore increasing E.

How does the complete filling of a subshell affect E? E becomes very high because the atom becomes inert. It produces chemical stability, therefore decreasing E. It produces chemical stability, therefore increasing E. There is no apparent effect.

E generally decreases from right to left.

How is E related to a period of elements? E generally increases from right to left. E generally decreases from right to left. E is constant within any given period.

Cooling reduces particle motion, resulting in coalescence by attractive forces

How is condensation explained by the Kinetic Molecular Theory? Heating breaks the solid bonds and liquid forms Cooling increases collisions which causes molecules to bond together Reduction in molecular kinetic energy eventually produces the solid phase Cooling reduces particle motion, resulting in coalescence by attractive forces

E decreases from top to bottom.

How is the ionization energy, E, related to a group of elements? E decreases from right to left. E decreases from bottom to top. E decreases from top to bottom. E decreases from left to right.

20 min

How long will it take for half of Bismuth-214 to decay to lead? (Refer to the Uranium-238 decay chain series.) 20 min 5 min 27 min 13 min

50

How many electrons can the 5th shell hold? 50 18 24 8 32

4 - 7

How many electrons will a non-metal generally have in its outer shell? 4 - 7 1 - 4 1 - 3 8

92

How many naturally occurring elements are there? ______

143

How many neutrons are in the following atom? 235 U 92 143 317 92 235

92

How many protons are in the following atom? 235 U 92 92 235 143 317

4

How many significant figures should the following answer have? (23.34 cm)(90,076 cm)(2.1223 cm) = _____

2.016

How much mass would a mole of hydrogen molecules contain? Recall that hydrogen is diatomic. _______________ g/mol

28.02

How much mass would a mole of nitrogen molecules contain? Recall that nitrogen is diatomic. _________________ g/mol

32.00

How much mass would a mole of oxygen molecules contain? Recall that oxygen is diatomic. _________________ g/mol

120 L

Hydrogen chloride gas is shipped in a container under 5,100 mm Hg of pressure that occupies 20.1 liters at 29°C. How many liters of gas would be produced at STP? 1.7 x 10 -5 L 8.3 x 10 -3 L 120 L 150 L

+2

If the valence electrons were removed, what would be the ion charge of the element? Mg = _____ +2 -1 +1 -2

+1

If the valence electrons were removed, what would be the ion charge of the element? Na = _____ -1 +1 -3 +3

False

In a closed system, the volume of a gas is not related to the volume of its enclosure. True False

directly

In a relationship with two variables, when both variables change in the same direction, whether increasing or decreasing by the same factor, the variables are said to be ____________________ related.

inversely

In a relationship with two variables, when one variable becomes larger by a given factor and the other becomes smaller by the same factor, the variables are said to be ________________________ related.

True

Ionization energy is required to remove an electron from an atom. True False

True

Iron filings can be separated from a mixture with sulfur by using a magnet. True False

True

It is not possible to determine exactly when a particular unstable isotope will begin to decay. True False

isotope

Members of the same element (same atomic number) but different mass number due to different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.

0.826

Multiply and round to the proper number of significant figures. (0.234 cm)(3.53 cm) = _________________ cm

11,000

Multiply and round to the proper number of significant figures. (896.5 cm)(12 cm) = ___________________ cm2

electron

Negative subatomic particles; symbolized by e -; located outside the nucleus; in constant motion; 1/1,837 the mass of a proton.

neutron

Neutral particle found in the nucleus; mass nearly equal to that of a proton; neutrons plus protons constitute mass of atom.

2 1 2

Now liters at the same temperature and pressure: _____ liters of H2 + _____ liters of O2 → _____ liters of H2O

2 1 2

Now molecules: _____ molecules of H2 + _____ molecules of O2 → _____ molecules of H2O

2 1 2

Now moles: ____ moles of H2 + ____ moles of O2 → ____ moles of H2O

proton

One of the particles of the nucleus; positively charged; symbolized by p; assigned a mass value of 1 unit; protons plus neutrons constitute mass of atom.

reactant

One of the starting substances (ingredients) that is involved in a chemical reaction.

Fe

iron

Mg

magnesium

Mn

manganese

693.8

mass = _______________ g

d

maximum number of electrons = 10

f

maximum number of electrons = 14

s

maximum number of electrons = 2

p

maximum number of electrons = 6

Ni

nickel

N

nitrogen

Avogadro's hypothesis

one mole of any gas at STP will occupy 22.4 L

The attractive force of the nucleus increases. The diameter of the atom decreases somewhat as electrons are added.

What factor(s) may be responsible for the ionization energy within a period? Select all that apply. The attractive force of the nucleus increases. The diameter of the atom decreases somewhat as electrons are added. The valence electrons remain at the same distance from the nucleus when moving from left to right. The valence electrons are further from the nucleus when moving from left to right.

a unit of radioactive disintegration

What is a "curie"? a unit of radioactive disintegration a unit of gamma radiation the mass of one alpha particle the standard charge of alpha particles

The next to outermost electron shell begins to fill up.

What is a common characteristic of the transitions elements? The next to outermost electron shell begins to fill up. The next to outermost shell is always complete. They can all be metals or non-metals. all of the above

collision and rebound without loss of energy

What is meant by "elastic collisions"? heat given off by constant collisions collision and rebound without loss of energy resultant force of all combined collisions compression of the gas

Each electron around an atom has a discrete amount of energy.

What is meant by "the energy of an electron is quantized"? The quantity of electron energy can be measured. Each electron around an atom has a discrete amount of energy. The quantity of electron energy changes as it moves around the nucleus. all of the above

760 mm Hg

What is the approximate vapor pressure (mm Hg) when liquid water boils at about 100°C? 200 mm Hg 380 mm Hg 5 mm Hg 760 mm Hg

21

What is the atomic number of the first element to start filling a d sublevel? ________

0

What is the average kinetic energy of any substance at 0 K? ___ J

1s2 2s2 2p6

What is the electron configuration when the valence electrons are removed from each of the elements listed in the chart? 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 1s2 2s2 1s2 2s2 2p6 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

protect rights to new products and processes

What is the main purpose of patent attorneys? defend the company against legal claims manage financial investments invent new products protect rights to new products and processes

73.923 g

What is the mass measurement shown on the scales of this balance? 73.92 g 70.923 g 70.392 g 73.923 g

44.01

What is the mass of one mole of carbon dioxide, CO2? Round your answer to 2 places past the decimal. _______________ g/mol

20.18

What is the mass of one mole of neon? Round your answer to 2 places past the decimal. ________________ g/mol

32

What is the maximum number of electrons found in any energy level of the known elements? (Refer to the periodic table.) _________

2

What is the maximum number of electrons in the following energy level? n = 1 ______

8

What is the maximum number of electrons in the following energy level? n = 2 ______

18

What is the maximum number of electrons in the following energy level? n = 3 _________

32

What is the maximum number of electrons in the following energy level? n = 4 _________

nitrogen

What is the most abundant gas in our atmosphere? nitrogen oxygen water hydrogen

random internal motion of atoms and molecules

What is the primary cause of diffusion? attraction of opposite atomic charges random internal motion of atoms and molecules heat added to a substance that some substances can dissolve in solvents

mass and energy can convert to one another

What is the significance of the discovery E=mc^2? mass moving at the speed of light has energy any moving mass emits energy mass and energy can convert to one another none of the above

0.01g

What is the smallest division on this balance? 0.01g 1g 0.001g 0.1g

50

What is the theoretical maximum number of electrons in the n = 5 energy level? _________

temperature mass of gas

What two variables are held constant when testing Boyle's Law in a manometer? temperature pressure volume of gas mass of gas atmospheric pressure

6.05 g

When 3.00 moles of hydrogen molecules and 1.50 moles of oxygen molecules react, they form 3.00 moles of water according to the reaction below. 2H2+O2 yields 2H2O How many grams of hydrogen were required to form 3.00 moles of water? 0.672 g 1.49 g 6.05 g 0.0469 g

no

When 3.00 moles of hydrogen molecules and 1.50 moles of oxygen molecules react, they form 3.00 moles of water according to the reaction below. 2H2+O2 yields 2H2O Does the mass of oxygen required equal the mass of the water formed? no yes

48.0 g

When 3.00 moles of hydrogen molecules and 1.50 moles of oxygen molecules react, they form 3.00 moles of water according to the reaction below. 2H2+O2 yields 2H2O How many grams of oxygen were required? 48.0 g 0.0208 g 0.0469 g 21.3 g

54.0 g

When 3.00 moles of hydrogen molecules and 1.50 moles of oxygen molecules react, they form 3.00 moles of water according to the reaction below. How many grams of water were formed? (Hint: This answer will have 3 SF.) 2H2+O2 yields 2H2O 0.0185 g 54.0 g 6.01 g 0.167 g

family 8, the noble gases

When all group IIA elements lose their valence electrons, the remaining electron configurations are the same as for what family of elements? family 2A, the alkaline metals family 7A, the halogens family 1A, the alkali metals family 8, the noble gases

Pressure must be greater than 760 mm Hg.

When can water remain a liquid above 100°C? Pressure must be less than sea level. Pressure must be greater than 760 mm Hg. Water cannot be heated above 100°C. H 2O must be completely in the gas phase.

attempt to control the conditions

When conducting an experiment, a scientist should: place no limits on the investigation attempt to control the conditions attempt to test every possibility proceed without specific goals

when moving to a lower orbit

When do electrons emit energy? only when knocked out of orbit when moving to a lower orbit only when orbiting around the nucleus when moving to a higher orbit

More molecules have a higher energy level. The average kinetic energy has increased.

When the gas shown in the Energy Distribution diagram is heated to "T2," what has happened? More molecules have a higher energy level. The average kinetic energy has increased. Fewer molecules have a higher energy level. The average kinetic energy has lowered. The highest energy level has decreased.

direct relationship

When two variables change in the same direction, one remaining larger than the other by the same factor

to avoid changing the gas temperature

When using a manometer to check Boyle's Law, why is the pressure changed slowly? to avoid compressing the liquid to avoid changing the mass of the gas to avoid compressing the gas to avoid changing the gas temperature

from a small amount of mass being converted to energy

Where does the energy come from in this fusion reaction? 2/1 H + 3/1 H yields 4/2 H + 1/O n energy from a nuclear reactor from the energy need to fuse the atoms together from a small amount of mass being converted to energy from an external source of power

in energy levels greater than or equal to 3

Where would electrons in the d sublevel be found? only in the n = 3 energy level in energy levels greater than or equal to 3 possibly in any energy level

only in the n = 3 energy level

Where would the electrons in the 3d sublevel be found? only in the n = 3 energy level in energy levels > 3 possibly in any shell

R&D

Which branch of the chemical industry usually requires advanced degrees? marketing product development R&D corporate management

product development

Which career area in chemistry applies new discoveries to practical applications useful for consumers? R&D product development management production legal services

2 1 2

Which coefficients are needed to correctly balance this equation? _____ HgO → _____ O2 + _____ Hg 2,1,2 1,3,1 2,3,1 3,2,2

from n = 2 to n = 1

Which condition will release more energy when an electron changes levels? from n = 4 to n = 3 from n = 2 to n = 1 from n = 3 to n = 2

Be

Which element in Group IIA will have the highest melting temperature? _______

iron

Which element is NOT in the cobalt subgroup? rhodium iron cobalt iridium

N, P, Bi

Which elements are included in Group 5A? Sn, Pb N, P, Bi Se, Te, Po Rb, Xe

the innermost shell

Which energy level requires the most energy to remove an electron? the shell containing valence electrons the next to outermost shell the innermost shell none of the above

air at sea level

Which has the greater density? air at 20km altitude air at sea level

mass/volume

Which is the correct definition of density? mass/volume weight/volume mass * volume volume/weight

potassium

Which is the first element in the periodic table to have an electron configuration in the 4th energy level? carbon beryllium potassium titanium

carbon-12

Which isotope is used for a standard for all other atomic masses? ___________________________

molecules under the right end of the curve

Which molecules shown in the Energy Distribution Graph are likely candidates for evaporation? molecules under the left end of the curve molecules under the right end of the curve all molecules under curve "T 2" molecules under the apex of the curve

all of the above

Which of the following are chemicals? clothing food fuels all of the above

nickel

Which of the following elements is a transition metal? antimony magnesium nickel calcium

hydrogen and oxygen gas combining to form water vapor

Which of the following is not a phase change? hydrogen and oxygen gas combining to form water vapor condensation of water vapor to form clouds evaporation of water from the ocean melting of snow

10 millimeters (mm)

Which of the following is not equal to 0.1 centimeter? 0.001 meter (m) 0.000001 kilometer (km) 10 millimeters (mm) 1,000 micrometers (µm)

53.6 hectometers (hm)

Which of the following is not equal to 0.536 kilometer? 536 meters (m) 53.6 hectometers (hm) 536,000 millimeters (mm) 53,600 centimeters (cm)

0.012 dekameter (dkm)

Which of the following is not equal to 120 centimeters? 1.2 meters (m) 0.0012 kilometer (km) 1,200 millimeters (mm) 0.012 dekameter (dkm)

0.0684 dkg

Which of the following is not the same as 0.00684 kg? 0.0684 dkg 6,840 mg 6.84 g 684 cg

8.54 hg

Which of the following is not the same as 8,540 centigrams? 85.4 g 8.54 hg 0.0854 kg 85,400 mg

all of the above

Which of the following occupies a volume? solids liquids gases all of the above

density

Which of the following physical properties would tell you about an element's mass per unit volume ratio? hardness boiling point crystalline shape density all of the above

Several variables of a gas often change simultaneously.

Which of the following statements is true? Several variables of a gas often change simultaneously. One variable of a gas affects only one additional variable of the gas.

V2=k/P2 V2=P1V1/V2 P2=P1 V1/V2

Which of these equations are correct? Select all that apply. P2=V2/P1V1 P1=V1/K V1=P1/P2 V2 V2=k/P2 V2=P1V1/V2 P2=P1 V1/V2

both of the above

Which of these expressions are correct variations of the Combined Gas Law? P2=P1(T2/T1)(V1/V2) P 1V 1T 2 = P 2V 2T 1 both of the above

10 hectometers

Which one of the following is not equal to 100 meters? 0.100 kilometer 10,000 centimeters 10 hectometers 100,000 millimeters

freezing point - melting point boiling point - condensation point

Which phase change temperatures are identical on the phase diagram? Select all that apply. freezing point - melting point melting point - boiling point boiling point - condensation point condensation point - melting point

from n = 1 to n = 2

Which requires more energy to move an electron? from n = 2 to n = 3 from n = 3 to n = 4 from n = 1 to n = 2

Schrödinger

Which scientist supplied the equations to combine wave and particle theory? de Broglie Chadwick Bohr Schrödinger

energy added = energy released

Which statement applies to the energy change illustrated in the quantized energy emission diagram? energy added < energy released energy added = energy released energy added > energy released

As altitude increases water's boiling point decreases.

Which statement below best represents the relationship between altitude and water's boiling point? As altitude increases water's boiling point decreases. As altitude increases water's boiling point increases. As altitude decreases water's boiling point decreases. Water's boiling point does not change due to a change in altitude.

A scientific law is always verified by a mathematical equation.

Which statement is not true about a scientific law? A scientific law is always verified by a mathematical equation. A scientific law is generally accepted as true. A scientific law has no known contradictions. A scientific law has never been found to be in error.

Each member of the group has the identical electron configuration in the outer shell. The elements in each group have similar chemical properties.

Which statements are correct about a group? Select all that apply. Each member of the group has the identical electron configuration in the outer shell. The elements in each group have similar chemical properties. The elements in each group have identical physical properties. The atomic number of each element increases by 7 down through the group.

This is a fusion process. Only the number of particles of product equals the number of particles of reactants.

Which statements are correct regarding this reaction? Select all that apply. 1/1 H + 7/3 Li yields 4/2 He + 4/2 He + energy This is a fusion process. The mass of the products is exactly equal to the reactants. This is a fission process. Only the number of particles of product equals the number of particles of reactants.

°C = K - 273

Which temperature conversion is correct? °C = K + 273 K = °C - 273 K = 273(°C) °C = K - 273

pressure

Which variable is held constant when testing for the thermal expansion relationship of a gas? ______________________

Dalton

Who is considered the father of atomic theory? _______________________

Democritus

Who was the first to propose the idea of atoms? ________________________________

Atmospheric pressure is less at higher elevations.

Why do cake mixes have high elevation instructions? Atmospheric pressure is greater at higher elevations. Atmospheric pressure is less at higher elevations. Atmospheric volume is less at higher elevations. Atmospheric volume is greater at higher elevations.

The outermost shell of all atoms with two or more electron shells will not have more than 8 electrons.

Why do the chemical properties cycle through each period? The outermost shell of all atoms with two or more electron shells will not have more than 8 electrons. Every eighth element starting with hydrogen restarts the transition from metal to inert gas. Elements with atomic numbers which are multiples of eight start a new period. Each period represents a cycle of completing the outer electron shell.

Additional electrons after argon begin to fill a sublevel of the n = 4 energy level. The electrons in the outermost energy level are primarily responsible for the properties of an element.

Why do the elements of period 4 start a new cycle of properties after the element argon? Select all that apply. All the energy levels of period 4 elements are less than period 3 because the amount of energy between energy levels decrease with distance from the nucleus. Additional electrons after argon begin to fill a sublevel of the n = 4 energy level. The electrons in the outermost energy level are primarily responsible for the properties of an element. The n = 3 energy level of argon is complete.

Its density is less than air.

Why does a weather balloon filled with Helium rise? Its density is less than air. Its density is greater than air.

The highest velocity molecules are lost.

Why does an evaporating liquid cool down according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory? Heat is required to evaporate a liquid. Heat is lost through elastic collisions. Heat must be dissipated to break the liquid bonds. The highest velocity molecules are lost.

Its density is less than water.

Why does ice float after it crystallizes? Its mass is greater than water. Its density is less than water. Its density is greater than water. Air entrapped in ice causes it to float.

The attractive force decreases as the atom gets larger.

Why does the ionization energy change when moving down a group of elements? The energy levels are increasing. The attractive force decreases as the atom gets larger. The number of valence electrons increases. The nuclear positive charge increases.

The gas liquefied at the last data point.

Why don't the data points of the graph in the lesson extend to the horizontal axis? The sample could not be reduced to a lower temperature. The gas liquefied at the last data point. The pressure required to compress the gas any further was not possible to produce. none of the above

True

Your data and observations will be only as good as your care in measuring. True False

reactant

_________________________: one of the starting substances (ingredients) involved in a chemical reaction

product

___________________________: the substance yielded as a result of a chemical reaction

phase change

a change from one state of matter to another

physical change

a change in shape, size, or physical characteristics but remaining same substance

barometer

a device for measuring atmospheric pressure

manometer

a device used to measure the pressure of an enclosed gas

alloy

a homogeneous mixture of elements with metals to form metallic solids

period

a horizontal row on the periodic table

element

a primary substance that cannot be divided into separate substances

Law of Constant Composition

a pure compound consists of exactly the same elements in the exact same ratios by mass

Al

aluminum

alchemy

an ancient study or art which attempted to combine science and philosophy to solve worldly problems

octet rule

an atom will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to obtain eight valence electrons

isotopes

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Ba

barium

H

hydrogen

solid

oscillation about a fixed point

O

oxygen

K

potassium

Ag

silver

precision

the degree of exactness of a measurement; described by the number of significant digits used to express the value.

accuracy

the degree to which a measurement approaches a standard or true value

mass defect

the difference between the mass of a nucleus and the sum of masses of its components

molar mass

the mass of an element or molecule in grams per mole (g/mol)

daughter

the nuclide produced from a radioactive decay

diffusion

the process of intermingling atoms (molecules) from one substance into another

isotope

the process of intermingling atoms (molecules) from one substance into another

atomic mass

the relative mass of an atom as compared to the carbon-12 atom

atom

the simplest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element

chemical change

the starting materials completely lose their properties to form new substances

mass number

the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom

pressure

the total force of contained gas molecules striking and pushing against the walls of their container

Sn

tin

gas

translation, vibration, rotation

compound

two or more elements joined together such that the elements have lost their individual identity

U

uranium

gas

variable volume; variable shape

Zn

zinc

the nucleus of helium

An alpha particle is: the nucleus of helium two neutrons an electron a hydrogen atom

True

0.00001011 kilograms is a larger mass than 0.001011 grams. True False

1.05 1.05

0.00105 liters is the same as: _____________ cm^3 and _____________ mL

0.025 0.000025

0.025 milliliters is the same as: _________________ cm^3 and ___________________________ L

100.5 100.5

0.1005 liters is the same as: _______________ cm^3 and _________________ mL

kilo

1,000 times the base unit

mega

1,000,000 times the base unit

0.00000134 0.00134

1.34 milligrams is the same as ______________________________________________________________ kg and __________________________ g.

milli

1/1,000 of the base unit

micro

1/1,000,000 of the base unit

nano

1/1,000,000,000 of the base unit

centi

1/100 of the base unit

10,300 10.3

10,300 milliliters is the same as: ______________________ cm^3 and ____________ L

0.001 10,000

100 grams is the same as ______________ kg and _________________________ cg.

-148

125 K = __________°C

291

18°C = _________ K

163

436 K = __________°C

True

54,000,000 nanometers = 0.000000054 megameter True False

4.5

A balloon of helium was put in the freezer at -23°C. Its volume at this temperature was 2.5 liters. It was removed from the freezer. Eventually, it reached a temperature of 177°C. What would its volume be at this temperature? (Neglect any force used to stretch the rubber balloon.) __________

28

A balloon was partially filled with helium gas at room temperature. It occupied 4.0 liters of volume at 700.0 mm Hg atmospheric pressure. When the balloon was released, it traveled upward until it burst at 99 mm Hg atmospheric pressure. (Neglect any force exerted to stretch the rubber balloon.) What was the volume of the balloon when it burst? _______ L

ion

A charged atom or particle

ion

A charged atom or particle is called a(n) _________. ion prion muon isotope

True

A chemical reaction occurs when a solution is formed. True False

a higher temperature to liquefy

A compound consisting of atoms of large atomic mass is more likely to require: a higher temperature to liquefy less kinetic energy to melt a lower temperature to liquefy more kinetic energy to freeze

2,700 mm Hg

A compressor takes 0.50 m3 of a gas at 33°C and 760 mm Hg and compresses it to 0.10 m3, cooling it to -55°C at the same time. What is the pressure of the gas at these new conditions? 68 mm Hg 3.7 x 10 -4 mm Hg 2,700 mm Hg 1.0 mm Hg

cathode-ray tube

A device made by J. J. Thomson to process and detect electrons is the: cathode-ray tube Geiger counter vacuum tube magnetron

True

A device used to measure the atmospheric pressure is the barometer. True False

True

A device used to measure the pressure of an enclosed gas is a manometer. True False

deductive reasoning

A prediction made or conclusion drawn from insight gained from an established principle or law

the numbered energy levels starting from the nucleus outward

A principal quantum number refers to: the maximum number of electrons at a given level the numbered energy levels starting from the nucleus outward the s, p, d, f levels the total energy of an electron

interpolating

A process of inserting points between actual plotted data points or extending an actual line of data is called: inserting estimating guessing interpolating

should be tested by the scientific community

A published hypothesis: does not need to be tested is accepted by the scientific community becomes a scientific law should be tested by the scientific community

energy

A quantum is a unit of: radiation speed energy force

inverse relationship

A relationship between two variables in which the product remains constant. When one variable increases the other decreases in proportion so that the product is unchanged.

larger smaller 6.0 mL

A sample of gas occupies 9.0 mL at a pressure of 500 mm Hg. A new volume of the same sample is at 750 mm Hg. Is the new pressure smaller or larger than the original? ____________________ Therefore, is the new volume larger or smaller than 9.0 mL? _____________________ What is this new volume? __________________

unsaturated

A solution in which more solute will dissolve at a given temperature

saturated solution

A solution in which no more solute will dissolve at a given temperature

supersaturated

A solution that holds more solute than it normally can under the conditions at a given temperature

saturated

A solution which contains maximum solute at a given temperature is _______________________________.

law

A statement that explains what something does under similar conditions and is broadly agreed upon by the science community.

product

A substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

suspension

A temporary heterogeneous mixture that separates into individual components with time

True

A theory should be able to explain the relevant data and lead to correct predictions. True False

is probably incorrect

A theory which repeatedly fails to confirm the expected predictions after extensive research: probably needs to be modified is probably incorrect should be maintained indefinitely requires more research time

group

A vertical column within the periodic table represents a family or ________________.

protons

All atoms of the same element have the same number of: atoms neutrons protons electrons

organic

All man-made and most carbon-based compounds are ________________________.

liquid gas

An aerosol is a colloidal ___________________ suspended in a ___________.

helium ion

An alpha particle is equivalent to a ____________________________________________________.

True

Absolute proof about the origin of a crater on the moon or the "star of Bethlehem" cannot be determined using the scientific method. True False

the lowest possible temperature of a gas

Absolute zero is _________________________________________________________________________________________________________. the lowest possible volume occupied by a gas the lowest possible temperature of a gas the lowest possible pressure exerted by a gas none of the above

volume and temperature

According to Charles's Law, which two variables are directly proportional? temperature and the number of molecules volume and pressure pressure and temperature volume and temperature

the number of particle impacts per unit area decreases

According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, as the volume of a gas increases: the temperature must change the number of particle impacts per unit area decreases the total number of particle impacts increases the number of particle impacts per unit area increases

energy

According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, the absolute temperature of a gas is directly related to average molecular kinetic ___________________. law temperature volume energy

Read the phase at the intersection of any given temperature and pressure.

According to the phase diagram for water, how is the state of water determined? Read the phase at the intersection of any given temperature and pressure. At a given pressure, proceed horizontally to the S-L or L-G line. Proceed up a vertical line at any given temperature.

True

Accuracy is the correctness of a measurement. True False

all of the above

Alchemists were able to ______________________________________________________________________________. study the properties of common elements study the properties of compounds develop laboratory techniques used by later scientists all of the above

False

All organic compounds are found in living organisms. True False

False

All scientists observing the same event will record identical descriptions. True False

False

All the molecules of a substance possess the "average kinetic energy" value. True False

is the smallest whole unit of matter with the properties of a specific element

An atom: is the smallest whole unit of matter can form one or more elements is the smallest whole unit of matter with the properties of a specific element all of the above

beta particle

An electron or particle similar to an electron emitted from the nucleus with negligible mass and a charge of -1; represented by β -.

True

An equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction based on the Conservation of Mass. True False

True

An ideal gas does not exist. True False

ideal

An imaginary gas which perfectly obeys the gas laws is called _________________.

temperature

An indicator of average kinetic energy

hypothesis

An initial proposed explanation for the phenomenon

qualilative

An observation which is descriptive is considered: ___________________________________

quantitative

An observation which requires measurement is called: ___________________________________

7.50

An unknown insoluble substance displaced the water shown. Its mass is indicated on the triple beam balance. Density of substance = _____________ g/mL Hint: Be sure to use proper significant figures.

True

An unstable nucleus which starts a decay process is called the parent nuclide. True False

1 2

Any units will do. For example, let's use the unit of "dozens": 2 dozen of H2 particles + _____ dozen of O2 particles → ____ dozen water particles

its density generally increases

As a substance changes phase from gas to liquid to solid: the spacing between molecules is not affected the spacing between molecules increases its density generally increases it undergoes chemical change

4 8 16 24

Assume that the variables x and y are directly related. If k = 8, what is the value for each of the following points? Be sure and record your data to be used in the following problem. x y k 0.5 __ 8 1 ___ 8 2 ______ 8 3 ________ 8

18 9 6 3 2 1

Assume that the variables x and y are inversely related. If k = 18, what is the value of y for each of the following points? Be sure and record your data to be used in the following problem. x y k 1 ______ 18 2 ____ 18 3 ____ 18 6 ____ 18 9 ____ 18 18 ___ 18

0.01°C, 4.58 mm(Hg)

At what temperature and pressure can all three phases of water exist simultaneously? 0.01°C, 760 mm(Hg) 1.20°C, 760 mm(Hg) 0.01°C, 4.58 mm(Hg) 4.58°C, 0.08 mm(Hg)

ion

Atom or group of atoms with a net charge caused by unequal numbers of electrons and protons.

False

Avogadro's number is equal to 6.02 x 10^25 particles/mole. True False

2 2 blank 2

Balance the following reaction. A coefficient of "1" is understood. Choose option "blank" for the correct answer if the coefficient is "1." ____ 4K + ____ H2O yields ________________ H2 + _____ KOH

4 3 2

Balance the following reaction. A coefficient of "1" is understood. Choose option "blank" for the correct answer if the coefficient is "1." ____ Al + ____ O2 yields _____ Al2O3

2 7 4 6

Balance the following reaction. A coefficient of "1" is understood. Choose option "blank" for the correct answer if the coefficient is "1." ____ C2H6 + ____ O2 yields ____ O2 + _____ H2O

6 6 blank 6

Balance the following reaction. A coefficient of "1" is understood. Choose option "blank" for the correct answer if the coefficient is "1." ____ CO2 + _____ H2O yields _________________ C6H12O6 + _____ O2

2 blank blank 2

Balance the following reaction. A coefficient of "1" is understood. Choose option "blank" for the correct answer if the coefficient is "1." ____ KI + __________________ Pb(NO3)2 yields __________________ + ____ KNO3

2 blank 2 blank

Balance the following reaction. A coefficient of "1" is understood. Choose option "blank" for the correct answer if the coefficient is "1." ____ KOH + _________________ Cu(NO3)2 + ____ KNO3 + _________________ Cu(OH)2

2 2 blank

Balance the following reaction. A coefficient of "1" is understood. Choose option "blank" for the correct answer if the coefficient is "1." _____ KNO3 yields ______ KNO2 + ______________ O2

2 5 blank 6

Balance the following reaction. A coefficient of "1" is understood. Choose option "blank" for the correct answer if the coefficient is "1." _____ NH3 + _____ F2 yields _________________ N2F4 + ____ HF

2 2 blank

Balance the following reaction. A coefficient of "1" is understood. Choose option "blank" for the correct answer if the coefficient is "1." ______ PbO2 yields ______ PbO + ______________ O2

blank 2 blank blank

Balance the following reaction. A coefficient of "1" is understood. Choose option "blank" for the correct answer if the coefficient is "1." _________________ Zn + ____ HCl yields _________________ ZnCl2 + _________________ H2

pressure and volume

Boyle's Law shows an inverse relationship between: pressure and volume temperature and volume pressure and temperature temperature and number of molecules

True

Carbon-14 naturally decays to carbon-12. True False

administration department directors set objectives

Check all that apply. What are the functions of corporate management? oversee production administration department directors set objectives set safety standards environmental supervision

CaCO3 yields CaO + CO2 Fe 2O3 + 3H2 yields 2Fe + 3H2O

Check the equations that are correctly balanced. Al + 3Br2 yields AlBr3 CaCO3 yields CaO + CO2 Fe 2O3 + 3H2 yields 2Fe + 3H2O H2O + 2O2 yields H2O 2

marketing personnel

Chemical engineers who specialize in negotiating for large purchases and instructing customers in use of the products are: corporate managers legal services product developers marketing personnel

False

Chlorine has 17 valence electrons. True False

137

Chlorophyll a is one of the green pigments found in plants. Chlorophyll a has the molecular formula C55H72MgN4O5. How many atoms are in this molecule? 137 138 136

[Ar]4s1

Choose the correct abbreviation of potassium (K) written in its noble gas configuration [Ar]3p6 [Ar]3p64s1 [Kr]5s1 [Ar]4s1

light beam passes through invisibly particles are dissolved particles are suspended indefinitely

Choose the properties that are characteristic of true solutions. Select as many as apply. light beam passes through invisibly particles are larger than 10^-8 cm particles are dissolved particles are suspended indefinitely

a suspension

Dust in the atmosphere represents: a suspension a colloidal system a solution none of the above

2

Each box contains 10 items. Mass box A = 10 grams; Mass box B = 5 grams; Mass box C—made of one A and one B Mass ratio A/B = ______

1°C

Each degree on the Kelvin scale equals: no relationship (different scale) 10°C 1°C 100°C

valence electrons

Electrons from one atom that enter into reactions with electrons from a second atom

valence

Electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom are called _____________________.

3

Express as ordinary numbers. 3 x 10^0 = _____

34,000

Express as ordinary numbers. 3.4 x 10^4 = ____________________

6,020,000,000

Express as ordinary numbers. 6.02 x 10^9 = ____________________________________________________________________

0.00897

Express as ordinary numbers. 8.97 x 10-3 = _____________________________

5 x 10^-18

Express in scientific notation. Choose the answer with the proper number of significant figures. (7 times 10^-8) over (3 times 10^4)(5 times 10^5) 0.5 x 10^-17 5 x 10^-18 0.47 x 10^-17

9.6 x 10^14

Express in scientific notation. Choose the answer with the proper number of significant figures. (2.4 x 10^-9) (4.0 x 10^23) = _______________________________________________ 10 x 10^14 9.6 x 10^14 9.6^14

1 x 10^28

Express in scientific notation. Choose the answer with the proper number of significant figures. (3 x 10^4) (4 x 10^23) = _____________________________________ 1 x 10^28 12^27 12 x 10^27 10 x 10^27

2 x 10^27

Express in scientific notation. Choose the answer with the proper number of significant figures. (4 times 10^5)(6 times 10^23) over 1.2 times 10^2 2 x 10^27 10 x 10^26 20 x 10^26

2.0 x 10^8

Express in scientific notation. Choose the answer with the proper number of significant figures. 1.24 times 10^6 over 6.2 times 10^-3 2 x 10^8 2.0^8 2.0 x 10^8

6.9 x 10^10

Express in scientific notation. Choose the answer with the proper number of significant figures. 69,000,000,000 = ________________________________________________ 69 x 10^9 6.9 x 10^10 6.9^10

2 x 10^8

Express in scientific notation. Choose the answer with the proper number of significant figures. 9 times 10^9 over 4.5 times 10^1 2.0 x 10^8 2 x 10^8 2.0^8

1.3 x 10^-13

Express in scientific notation. Remember, M must be a number such that 1 ≤ M < 10. 0.00000000000013 = __________________________________________________ 1.3 x 10^-13 1.3^-13 1.3 x 10^13

5.43 x 10^-4

Express in scientific notation. Remember, M must be a number such that 1 ≤ M < 10. 0.000543 = __________________________________ 5.43 x 10^4 5.43^-4 5.43 x 10^-4

1.8 x 10^1

Express in scientific notation. Remember, M must be a number such that 1 ≤ M < 10. 18 = ______________________ 1.8^1 1.8 x 10^1 1.8 x 10^0

3.24 x 10^4

Express in scientific notation. Remember, M must be a number such that 1 ≤ M < 10. 32,400 = __________________________________ 3.24 x 10^4 3.24^4 3.2400 x 10^4

information chemist

Extensive literature searches to supply the management with updated data is a career field called: research and development administration information chemist environmental supervision

colloid

Fog is an example of a ____________________.

2 4

For 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O: 4 moles of H2 will react with _____ moles of O2 to produce _____ moles of H2O

True

Hypotheses about historical singular events are not testable by the scientific method because they are not repeatable. True False

subjective

Ideas resulting from the personal feelings, emotions, bias of a person

3

If an atom has 3 energy levels, how many sublevels should it have? 4 3 1 2

Z:X = 7:1 Y:X = 11:1

If the following elements were to combine with each other, choose which demonstrates the Law of Multiple Proportions. Select all that apply. A:Z = 2.5:1 A:Z = 2.2:1 Z:X = 7:1 Y:X = 11:1

Liquid

If the temperature of the water were 0°C and the pressure was above 760 mm Hg, what phase would the water be in? Gas Liquid Solid

+3

If the valence electrons were removed, what would be the ion charge of the element? Al = _____

True

In forming a hypothesis one must carefully review his presuppositions to be sure they are not biased. True False

the system must be sealed and become pressurized above atmospheric pressure

In order for a high temperature boiler or steam engine to produce superheated water, or steam: the heat source must be greater than 100°C the system must be sealed and become pressurized above atmospheric pressure the water must be permitted to evaporate quickly the vapor pressure must be kept below 760 mm(Hg)

9.4

In the combustion chamber of an engine, the initial volume is 450 cm3 at a pressure of 1.0 atmosphere. If the piston displaces 402 cm3 of the total, what is the resulting pressure in the combustion chamber? (Assume negligible temperature change.) Hint: Calculate the new volume by subtracting the amount of space the piston takes up from the initial volume. _________ atm

273 K 760cm 3(Hg)

In the field of chemistry, standard temperature and pressure conditions are: 0 K 1 atm 273 K -273°C 760cm 3(Hg)

True

Inductive reasoning requires creative thinking. True False

presupposition

Initial idea which is believed to be true and is used as a basis (starting point) from which further reasoning and conclusions are made

isotopes subatomic particles electrons

J. J. Thomson is credited with which discoveries? Select all that apply. isotopes subatomic particles neutrons protons electrons

neutron

James Chadwick's primary discovery was the ______________________.

True

John Dalton used inductive reasoning to develop his theories. True False

directly proportional to mass and velocity

Kinetic energy is: inversely proportional to mass and velocity directly proportional to mass and inversely proportional to velocity inversely proportional to mass and directly proportional to velocity directly proportional to mass and velocity

True

Marie Curie named polonium in honor of Poland. True False

2

Mass box A = 10 grams; Mass box B = 5 grams; Mass box C—made of one A and one B How many boxes of A would be required to make 30 grams of C? _____

2

Mass box A = 10 grams; Mass box B = 5 grams; Mass box C—made of one A and one B How many boxes of B would be required to make 30 grams of C? _____

15 5 25 2

Mass box A = 10 grams; Mass box B = 5 grams; Mass box C—made of one A and one B How many grams of A would be needed to give the same number of particles: as 7.5 grams of B? ______ as 2.5 grams? _____ as 12.5 grams? _______ as 1 gram? ____

10

Mass box A = 10 grams; Mass box B = 5 grams; Mass box C—made of one A and one B How many grams of B would it take to combine with 20 grams of A? ______ grams

20 10

Mass box A = 10 grams; Mass box B = 5 grams; Mass box C—made of one A and one B How much A and B would be needed to produce 30 grams of C? ______ g of A; ______ g of B.

15

Mass box A = 10 grams; Mass box B = 5 grams; Mass box C—made of one A and one B Predicted mass C = ______ grams

nuclear fusion

Mass defect is associated with: nuclear fusion mass lost by nuclear collisions radioactive decay nuclear fission

density

Mass per unit volume

volume

Space occupied by quantity of matter.

marketing

The direct link between customers and the company is performed by: marketing information chemists legal services environmental chemists corporate management

Roentgen Curie

The discoverer of X-rays was ________________________________. The discoverer of radioactivity was ________________.

emission spectrum

The distribution of light when passed through a prism or other device that breaks the light into its individual components.

precipitation

The disturbance of a supersaturated solution will cause: precipitation instability an explosion liquefaction

6th

The element gold occurs in which period? 5th 4th 7th 6th

ionization energy

The energy necessary to overcome the attractions of electrons to the nucleus of an atom so as to remove electrons from the atom in the gas phase

False

The energy necessary to overcome the attractions of electrons to the nucleus of an atom so as to remove electrons from the atom is called charging energy. True False

kinetic energy

The energy of motion which is represented as K.E.=1/2 mv 2 where m = mass, and v = velocity of the particle in motion

Dalton

The first attempt at publishing a list of relative atomic masses was made by _______________________.

yes

The following is a correct statement of Charles's Law: The volume of a gas varies directly with the absolute temperature under the conditions of constant pressure. no yes

False

The freezing temperature of water is zero on both the "K" and "C" scales. True False

False

The half-life of isotopes are all measured in millions of years. True False

True

The ideas of Democritus were based on inductive reasoning. True False

hypothesis

The initial explanation for a phenomenon prior to experimentation is called a(n): ___________________________________

a line emission spectrum

The light emitted by an incandescent element produces: a line emission spectrum a unique continuous spectrum a spectrum identical to the hydrogen atom a spectrum of one unique wavelength

False

The light reflected off an element produces unique identifying spectrum. True False

False

The mass of 0.100 mole of neon is 2.018 grams. True False

False

The mass of 0.25 mole of sodium is 92 grams. True False

True

The mass of 0.50 mole of copper is 32 grams. True False

False

The mass of 0.500 mole of Ba is 274.6 grams. True False

True

The mass of 1 mole of lithium is 6.941 grams. True False

wave mechanics

The mathematics of combining quantum theory with wave motion of atomic particles is known as a ______________________________________________________________________________.

4

The maximum number of energy sublevels found in any energy level is: 4 6 3 2

length

The measure of distance from one point to another is: mass length speed volume

length

The measure of the distance from one point to another.

SI system

The metric system of units.

helium

The molecular formula for caffeine is C8H10N4O2. Which of the following elements is not found in caffeine? helium nitrogen oxygen carbon

Mohs

The name of the commonly used hardness scale is: inorganic specific gravity organic Mohs

electrolysis

The process of passing electricity through water to chemically separate it into hydrogen and oxygen is called what? electrolysis electrocuting electromotive electrifying

mass

The quantity of matter a body possesses.

emission line spectra of various elements

The quantum theory of energy levels within atoms was aided by: alpha particles emission line spectra of various elements study of the sun's light spectrum gamma rays

22.4 44.8

The ratio of H2 gas to O2 gas will always remain 2:1, and the ratio of H2 gas to H2O gas will remain 1:1 so if the gas volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure: 44.8 liters of H2 + ____________ liters of O2 → ____________ liters of H2O

equation

The symbolic representation of a chemical reaction based on the Conservation of Mass.

inorganic

The rocks and minerals of the Earth consist of _________________________ compounds.

Tyndall effect

The scattering of light by a colloidal suspension is called the ______________________________________________________________________________

True

The scientific study of the behavior near 0 K is called cryogenics. True False

False

The sequence of filling the electron configuration of the elements is not indicated in the periodic table. True False

molecule

The smallest unit of a compound

talc diamond

The softest and hardest minerals are: softest _____________ hardest _____________________

True

The splitting apart of atomic nuclei is known as fission. True False

phase equilibrium

The state achieved when the exchange of molecules between two phases occurs at the same rate

solvent

The substance that does the dissolving

solute

The substance that is dissolved

solvent

The substance which does the dissolving in a solution is called the ___________________.

solute

The substance which is dissolved in a solution is called a: solute precipitant solvent colloid

periodic table

a table of the elements, arranged to illustrate the periodic characteristics of the elements

group

a vertical column on the periodic table

ideal gas

an imaginary gas which perfectly obeys the gas laws

family

another name for a group

nuclide

any isotope of an element

Ar

argon

Ca

calcium

Cu

copper

valence electrons

electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

solid

fixed volume; fixed shape

liquid

fixed volume; variable shape

Au

gold

He

helium

liquid

rotation and vibration

mole

the amount of a substance that contains the same number of atoms, molecules, or particles as 12 g of Carbon-12

parent

the beginning nuclide in the radioactive decay chain

Boyle's Law

the inverse relationship between pressure and volume of gases such that as pressure increases, volume decreases by the same fraction of change; temperature and number of molecules remain constant

weight

the effect of gravity on an object of a certain mass

metal

the group of elements that are good conductors of electricity and heat

nonmetal

the group of elements that are poor conductors of electricity and heat