HORT FINAL

Which one of the following is not an environmental benefit of green roofs?

Creating habitat for underground animals

Green Roofs provide more environmental benefits than trees and they should take priority over planting trees.

False

Green roofs are an example of hard engineering.

False

Green roofs require little to no maintenance.

False

HORT 1103 Plants, People & You is an intensive, scientific study of horticulture and students are expected to have a strong background in botany and chemistry when taking this course.

False

The forbidden fruit tree in the garden of Eden was likely an apple tree, assuming that Eden was in the Fertile Crescent (modern-day Middle East).

False

Vegetables gardens do well in heavily shaded areas because they are shielded from the sun.

False

Bacterial wilt affected which species of the three sisters?

Squash

An easy way to elevate the humidity around leafy cuttings is to use a plastic bag or clear bottle placed over cuttings to trap moisture in the rooting substrate.

True

Broccoli and cabbage are in the same plant family.

True

Budding or grafting is a vegetative propagation method used frequently in the production of fruit and ornamental trees.

True

Bugs (arthropods) are animals.

True

Bugs evolved and were successful on this planet long before Humans evolved.

True

Bumble bees are social insects.

True

Butter or other food containing fats can neutralize capsaicin in the mouth.

True

Capsaicin evolved as a protective mechanism to discourage mammals from eating fruit.

True

Carbon dioxide is an example of a greenhouse gas.

True

Climate can effect heat levels in chili peppers.

True

Early agriculturists were taller and healthier than hunter-gatherers.

True

Examples of community gardens include church gardens, neighborhood gardens, and parks.

True

Flowers provide both protein and carbohydrates for pollinators.

True

Garden seed sales increased by >270% during the pandemic.

True

Garden soil should not be used when growing plants in containers (pots) because the soil will likely stay too wet.

True

Grafting and budding are examples of asexual or vegetative propagation.

True

Grasses are beneficial in urban environments because they act as a filter for various pollutants.

True

High-performance liquid chromatography directly measures capsaicin content in chili peppers.

True

Insects generally have 6 legs.

True

Liberty Gardens in WWl, and Victory or Freedom Gardens in WWll, enabled and encouraged the population of the US to participate in the war effort.

True

Native bees can be ground and cavity dwellers.

True

The original purpose of the Cherokee Nation Seed Bank was genetic preservation of plants, which also provided food to tribe members (aka cultural preservation).

True

What does AES stand for?

Agriculture Experiment Station

Chili pepper and black pepper come from the same plant.

False

Examples of abiotic stress include insect pests, dieases, and nematodes.

False

Gardening has been proven to increase osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

False

What is one blackberry variety developed at FRS?

Ouachita

Turfgrasses are some of the best landscape plants for sequestering carbon.

True

How long does it take to release a new variety?

10 Years

There will be a 10 point quiz given after each HORT 1103 class section. How many of your lowest quiz scores will be dropped when calculating your final grade?

4

In big box stores like Lowe's and Walmart, home gardening makes up $_____/year in retail value.

250 Billion

______% of American households planted a new garden during the pandemic.

26

Robotic strawberry pickers are projected to replace how many harvest laborers?

30

How many species of native bees are there in the US?

4000

What percent of all known species of animals are bugs (arthropods)?

80-100%

The global human population is expected to reach _____ by 2050?

9 Billion

According to Feather Smith, Mother Nature never cooperates, and presents these challenges: -Droughts -Floods -Late freezes -Animals -All of the above

All of the above

Apple rootstocks are used to modify tree -Size -Fruit sweetness -Pest resistance -All of the above

All of the above

Benefits of home gardens include: -Source of food and income -Increased exercise, nutrition, health -Source of education and family activity -Source of stress and anxiety -All ot the above

All of the above

How do insects damage our crops? -They defoliate leaf material -They feed on the developing fruit -They bore into the stem and branches of the plant -They cause leaves to become distorted and mishapen -All of the above

All of the above

When you take a deep breath, what gasses are you actually inhaling? -Nitrogen -Oxygen -Carbon dioxide -All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following are benefits of turfgrasses in urban settings? -Provide beauty -Provide abundant oxygen -Provide areas for exercise and recreation -Filter pollutants -All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of a Horticultural plant? -Variety in shape, color, form, aroma, and flavor within a species -High value and benefit -Intensively managed and very perishable -All of the above

All of the above

Which of these traits is part of the Domestication Syndrome? -Reduced seed dormancy -Gigantism of harvested organs -Non-shattering seed -All of the above

All of the above

Which of these was proposed as a possible trigger for the invention of agriculture? -Population growth -Climate change -Seasonal food shortages -Alien visitors -All of the above

All of the above

Why are insects important in horticulture? -They feed on the plants we are growing -They pollinate the plants we are growing -They help control pests -All of the above

All of the above

Which group of animals is considered an arthropod? -Crustaceans - Crab, shrimp, lobsters, etc. -Myriapods - Millipedes and centipedes -Chelicerates - Spiders, scorpions, mites, etc. -Insects -All of the above are arthropods

All of the above are arthropods

Why is entomology/horticulture a good career? -Bugs cause billions of dollars of losses each year -Pollinators are valued at $14 billion a year in the US -Insects and plants are awesome! -All of the above are reasons that entomology/horticulture are good careers

All of the above are reasons that entomology/horticulture are good careers

Which types of plants flower, produce seed within a fruit, and are typically highly evolved?

Angiosperms

Which of the following locations is not one of the four main Centers of Crop Domestication?

Australia

Who or what was my roommate in Minnesota?

Bee

Apples are pollinated primarily by:

Bees

What insect has been used as farm labor to deliver bio-fungicides?

Bees

What is the most renowned program at FRS?

Blackberry Breeding

Historically, Ozark Chinquapin was an important tree to the Cherokee Nation, but was wiped out by this:

Blight

Community gardens: -Improve quality of life -Develop community and stimulate social interaction within and area -Lead to gang wars -Both A and B

Both A and B

How are plants pollinated at FRS for breeding programs?

By hand

What is the chemical compound that gives a pepper its fire?

Capsaicin

Currently, the world's hottest chili pepper at 2.48 million SHU is _____________.

Carolina Reaper

The leading country in apple production is:

China

Where is the University of Arkansas Fruit Research Station (FRS)?

Clarksville AR

In 1493 Columbus brought the first _______ back to the Old World when he returned from his second voyage.

Corn

What are the Three Sisters in Cherokee Nation lexicon?

Corn, beans, and squash grown together

Undisturbed grassland soils will many times exhibit a deep layer of:

Decayed organic matter

The most widely grown apple in the US is:

Delicious

Grasses are excellent at controlling soil erosion because of their:

Dense, fibrous root system

The first public community gardens were established in 1897 in:

Detroit

What is a nectarine variety developed at FRS?

Effie

Which of these foods was determined to be a part of the diet of Otzi, the 5300 year old mummy found in the Italian Alps?

Einkorn wheat

Which of these contains the lowest genetic diversity?

Elite cultivars

Because apple trees can self-pollinate, you only need a single tree on your property to produce apples.

False

Habitat fragmentation encourages the presence of pollinators.

False

Increased urbanization is causing the area of turfgrass in the United States to DECREASE.

False

Japanese maples are most commonly grown commercially from seed since the seeds will produce plants identical to the parent plant.

False

Male honeybees collect food for the hive.

False

Materials used to install green roofs have not changed since they were orginally used in the Viking Ages.

False

Most of the important centers of crop domestication were located in rainforest biomes.

False

Most ornamental shrub varieties (cultivars) are propagated by seed since the seedlings are genetically identical to the parent plant.

False

Seed propagation is a type of asexual, or vegetative, plant propagation.

False

Spaghetti with tomato-based marinara sauce was the foundation of most people diets in Ancient Rome.

False

Specialty crops are lower in value and have lower labor costs than row crops.

False

Ozark Green Roof installed a green roof on a public library in which NWA city?

Fayetteville

A common bacterial pathogen/disease of apples is:

Fire Blight

In photosynthesis, the plant uses sunlight, water, and oxygen to make food (carbohydrate) and carbon dioxide.

Flase

Which contains the reproductive organs of a plant?

Flower

What was missing in my yard the summer I had 6 beehives?

Flowers

Which of the following components is least likely to be used as a substrate for rooting cuttings?

Garden Soil

When using binomial nomenclature to refer to a specific plant by its universal name, what 2 components are listed?

Genus and species

Subsistence gardening is:

Growing food crops in order to meet the needs of the gardener; gardening to survive.

Which of the following types of green roofs has a thicker soil profile and can therefore grow plants with a deeper roof system?

Intensive

What is one example of an insect pest of grapes?

Japanese beetles

The green roof at Uptown Apartments is a MODULAR or BUILT UP green roof system?

Modular

Which 3 essential nutrients are most likely to limit plant growth and are included in most fertilizers?

Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium (N, P, K)

If you plant a seed from a specific variety of grape plant,will that seed represent that same variety?

No

Green roofs were first used as a roofing material in what part of the world?

Northern Europe - Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Faroe Islands

Capsaicin is located in glands in what part of a chili fruit?

Placenta

One who studies fruit such as apples is known as a:

Pomologist

What are the 'Three P's' of beneficial insects?

Predators, Parasitoids, Pollinators

Heat content in chili pepper is measured in:

Scoville Heat Units

Which is not considered one of the three major vegetative organs of a plant?

Seed

The caterpillars of which species of butterfly (of special concern in the US) were eating up my coneflowers?

Silvery checkerspot

What is the heaviest component of most green roofs and has a major impact on how well the plants will thrive?

Soil or growing medium

In the US, which season are apples harvested in?

Summer and Fall

What are the 3 (three) missions of a Land Grant University, such as the University of Arkansas?

Teaching, research, and outreach

Which federal act of congress was passed in 1862 to provide funding to establish an agricultural college in every state?

The Morrill Act

All chili peppers originated in the New World.

True

What does the term 'Land Grant' refer to with regard to establishing an agricultural college?

The college was established from funds raised by selling federal lands

An Ethnobiologist is someone who studies the dynamic relationship between people and their environment.

True

Grasses are effective at carbon sequestration because:

They produce a new root system each year

Historically, members of the Cherokee Nation used American blanket flower for darts. Which plant do the use now?

Thistle

A good rule of thumb for identifying poison ivy is 'leaves of three, let it be'.

True

According to Feather Smith, corn is easy to grow.

True

None of the worlds major staple crops were domesticated in what is now the United States.

True

One of the keys to successful rooting of cuttings is to maintain the relative humidity around the leaves/stems as much as possible.

True

One way insects decrease our food is by making it unmarketable.

True

Our mission is to conduct research and achieve scientific discoveries that benefit Arkansas citizens.

True

Plants such as African violet, mother-in-law's tongue, and begonia can often be propagated easily by cuttings.

True

Pollinated crops include almonds, coconut, and peppermint.

True

The Cherokee Nation was originally located in parts of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia.

True

The Horticulture discipline includes Science, Technology, Business, Art, and Hobby.

True

The large, well-manicured lawn is an American cultural phenomenon.

True

The literal (etymological) meaning of Horticulture is to cultivate (care for) garden plants.

True

The pH of substrate (soil or potting mix) is important because it affects whether essential nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, or iron in the substrate are soluble and available for uptake by plants.

True

The position on a stem where leaves/buds are attached is called the node.

True

There are county extension offices in all 75 counties in Arkansas.

True

What technology can be used to kill powdery mildew and gray mold in greenhouses and fields?

UV light

Fruit and vegetables are important sources of what?

Vitamins and minerals

The leading state in apple production is:

Washington

Phototropism is:

What causes a plant to grow toward light

Examples of specialty crops are:

fruits, vegetables, and nuts

Which of the following reasons will allow a HORT 1103 student to make up a quiz that was missed? -Computer/smart phone malfunction -Documented illness with a Dr.'s note -Travel due to an official university function -Family vacation -Answers A,B, and C

none

Which of the following is NOT a horticultural crop?

soybeans