HP- Ch. 3 Connect

During which stage of an individual's life do health habits develop? Multiple choice question. Adolescence Childhood Infancy Adulthood

Childhood

Select all that apply Identify the characteristics that make educational appeals persuasive. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Messages should implicitly state conclusions. Communications should be colorful and vivid. Communications should be steeped in statistical data and jargon. Messages should be short, clear, and direct.

Communications should be colorful and vivid. Messages should be short, clear, and direct.

Select all that apply What is the focus of health promotion efforts among older adults? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Maintenance of a healthy, balanced diet Appropriate behavior in real or simulated emergencies Adherence to the seven basic health habits Controlling alcohol consumption

Controlling alcohol consumption Maintenance of a healthy, balanced diet

True or false: Cognitions cannot be the consequences of a target behavior. True false question. True False

False

Identify the advantage of psychologists using cognitive-behavioral techniques for health habit modifications. Multiple choice question. It can help combat risk factors for an illness before the illness has a chance to develop. It is more successful in initiating a health behavior change as it focuses on promotion-oriented messages. It can be tailored to the needs of a specific person. It has shown success in delegating the control of goal-directed responses to situational cues which may then elicit the behavior automatically.

It can be tailored to the needs of a specific person.

What is the result of focusing on at-risk people? Multiple choice question. It cannot prevent disease in individuals with a family history of the disease. It can reduce the chances of developing the disease after the age of 45. It cannot delay the onset of the disease. It can help identify other factors that may increase risk of the disease.

It can help identify other factors that may increase risk of the disease.

Select all that apply Identify the characteristic features that enable people to practice better health habits than others. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Aggressive nature More affluent Better education Young age

More affluent Better education Young age

What is the disadvantage of using cognitive-behavioral techniques for health habit modifications? Multiple choice question. The chances of success are less likely. They cannot be used to modify health habits simultaneously. Only one individual's behavior can be changed at a time. They cannot be tailored to the needs of a particular person.

Only one individual's behavior can be changed at a time.

_____ messages used for successful health behavior change may be reflected in patterns of brain activation. Multiple choice question. Assertive Avoidance Prevention Persuasive

Persuasive

Select all that apply Identify the advantages of community-based interventions for health habit modifications. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. They have shown considerable success for a broad array of health behaviors. They have resulted in higher morale, greater productivity, and reduced health care costs. They can reach out to more people in comparison to individual behavior interventions. They can build on social support for reinforcing adherence to recommended health changes.

They can reach out to more people in comparison to individual behavior interventions. They can build on social support for reinforcing adherence to recommended health changes.

What is the general limitation of health behavior change models? Multiple choice question. They focus more on prevention messages rather than promotion-oriented messages for health behavior changes. They only emphasize conscious deliberative processes for practicing health behaviors. They only emphasize automatic processes for practicing health behaviors. They do not include the important component of self-efficacy.

They only emphasize conscious deliberative processes for practicing health behaviors.

Which of the following include health promotion programs that help stop smoking, reduce stress, change diet, lose weight, control hypertension, limit drinking, among other problems and also have health clubs, gyms, and restaurants that provide healthy food? Multiple choice question. Mass media campaigns Workplace interventions Community-based interventions Self-help groups

Workplace interventions

Creating new discriminative stimuli in stimulus-control interventions signals that _____. Multiple choice question. the stimuli that evoked the problem behavior has been eliminated the target behavior has been controlled a conditioned response will be reinforced a new response will be reinforced

a new response will be reinforced

A theoretical model that emphasizes implementation intentions integrates conscious processing with _____ behavioral enactment. Multiple choice question. planned automatic perceived organized

automatic

According to the theory of planned behavior, a health behavior is the direct result of a _____ intention. Multiple choice question. community-based behavioral therapeutic family-based

behavioral

Venues for low-cost interventions to modify health habits among people include _____. Multiple choice question. community-based interventions cellular phones and landlines self-help groups workplace interventions

cellular phones and landlines

The most effective approach to health habit modification that focuses on the target behavior, the conditions that elicit and maintain it, and the factors that reinforce it is called _____. Multiple choice question. impulse-control therapy psychoanalytic therapy cognitive-behavior therapy gestalt therapy

cognitive-behavior therapy

Attitude change techniques assume that behavior changes are guided by _____ motivation. Multiple choice question. conscious achievement subconscious fear

conscious

Increasingly, health practitioners are intervening with _____ to improve health. Multiple choice question. mass media campaigns self-help groups families community-based intervention programs

families

Educational appeals make the assumption that people will change their health habits if they _____. Multiple choice question. have good information about their habits have information regarding the health services available in their proximity have a high level of self-esteem have a fear that a particular habit is damaging their health

have good information about their habits

Interviewers adopt a(n) _____ style of communication during motivational interviewing. Multiple choice question. nonjudgmental confrontational discouraging assertive

nonjudgmental

Health habits are especially influenced by _____ as both teachers and role models. Multiple choice question. health psychologists workplace companions parents friends

parents

The benefit of targeting at-risk people is that it can _____. Multiple choice question. help people come to terms with their condition prevent the occurrence of opportunistic infections reduce the severity of the symptoms prevent occurrence of the disease altogether

prevent occurrence of the disease altogether

Research on _____ risk factors adopts the perspective of health promotion. gender-related preventable genetic age-related

preventable

Overeaters Anonymous and TOPS (Take Off Pounds Sensibly) and Alcoholics Anonymous are prominent examples of _____ to bring about health habit modifications such as smoking, obesity, and alcohol consumption among people. Multiple choice question. community-based interventions self-help groups mass media campaigns workplace interventions

self-help groups

The major venue for health habit modifications in the United States are _____. Multiple choice question. private practitioners schools self-help groups workplace interventions

self-help groups

Health habits are strongly affected by early _____. Multiple choice question. socialization diagnosis development of personal goals access to health care delivery systems

socialization

The _____ analyzes the stages and processes people go through in bringing about a change in behavior and suggested treatment goals and interventions for each stage. Multiple choice question. self-determination theory transtheoretical model of behavior change health belief model protection motivation theory

transtheoretical model of behavior change

Health habits in individuals stabilize around the age of _____. 11 20 25 16

11

Which of the following preventable disorders' development involve behavioral factors? (Check all that apply.) Schizophrenia Alzheimer's disease Cardiovascular disease Lung cancer

Cardiovascular disease Lung cancer

Select all that apply Identify the disorders for which relapse is particularly a problem. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Dyslexia Epilepsy Smoking Alcoholism

Smoking Alcoholism

Select all that apply What are the main causes for nearly half the deaths in the United States? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Suicide Smoking Problem drinking Obesity

Smoking Problem drinking Obesity

Identify the true statement about using cellular phones and landlines as low-cost interventions for health habit modifications. Multiple choice question. Automated phone interventions can prompt people to maintain health behavior change. Personalized text messages are not used often. It does not target the older adults. It can build on social support for reinforcing adherence to recommended health changes.

Automated phone interventions can prompt people to maintain health behavior change.

Select all that apply Identify the characteristic features of unhealthy behaviors that can be triggered by emotions. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Reclusive Passive Automatic Addictive

Automatic Addictive

Select all that apply What are the important components targeted by the self-determination theory? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Perceived competence Self-monitoring Perceived threat detection Autonomous motivation

Autonomous motivation Perceived competence

Select all that apply Identify the true statements about the role of the Internet in health habit modifications. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It does not provide individualized feedback for health-related behavior. It is a relatively expensive process to recruit a large number of participants for studies. It can be used to augment the effectiveness of other interventions. It can target multiple risk factors simultaneously through computer-tailored lifestyle interventions.

It can be used to augment the effectiveness of other interventions. It can target multiple risk factors simultaneously through computer-tailored lifestyle interventions.

Select all that apply Identify the true statements about cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for health behavior change. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It may enable people to modify several health habits simultaneously. It includes a carefully selected set of techniques that can deal with all aspects of a problem. It is considered the least effective approach to health habit modification. It includes a therapeutic plan that applies to the general population as a whole.

It includes a carefully selected set of techniques that can deal with all aspects of a problem. It may enable people to modify several health habits simultaneously.

The transtheoretical model of behavior change was originally developed to treat _____. Multiple choice question. chronic disorders addictive disorders acute disorders autoimmune disorders

addictive disorders

True or false: Cognitions cannot be the consequences of a target behavior.

false

Select all that apply Identify the true statements about the role of family in health habit modifications. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Family members are not affected by a single member's health habits. Behavior change that is introduced at the family level may not always ensure full support for the person whose behavior is the target. Families committed to a healthy lifestyle give children the best chance at a healthy start. Families have more organized, routinized lifestyles suited to healthy behavior.

Families committed to a healthy lifestyle give children the best chance at a healthy start. Families have more organized, routinized lifestyles suited to healthy behavior.

Identify the factors that promote better health habits. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Less defensive behavior High social support Low levels of stress High unmitigated communion

High social support Low levels of stress

Select all that apply Identify the true statements about cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It can be implemented individually, through group therapy or the Internet. It builds on the idea that people are actively motivated to pursue their goals. It integrates conscious processing with automatic behavioral enactment. Several complementary methods are used to intervene in the modification of a target problem and its context.

It can be implemented individually, through group therapy or the Internet. Several complementary methods are used to intervene in the modification of a target problem and its context.

Identify a true statement about cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for health behavior change. Multiple choice question. It is based on the belief that one should minimize his or her self-efficacy. It is an inflexible way of intervening to modify poor health habits. It is possible to tailor a plan to each individual's problem. It is considered the least effective approach to health habit modification.

It is possible to tailor a plan to each individual's problem.

Select all that apply Identify the features of a theoretical model that emphasizes implementation intentions. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It is based on the idea that people's opinions about morality are grounded in the notion of duty. It is a complex way to promote health behaviors. It underscores the importance of planning exactly how, when, and where to implement a health behavior. It can help one delegate the control of goal-directed responses to situational cues, which may then elicit automatic behavior.

It underscores the importance of planning exactly how, when, and where to implement a health behavior. It can help one delegate the control of goal-directed responses to situational cues, which may then elicit automatic behavior.

Select all that apply Identify the brain areas involved in reflecting behavioral intentions at an implicit level that is not consciously accessible. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Somatic sensory association cortex Primary somatic sensory cortex Medial prefrontal cortex Posterior cingulate cortex

Medial prefrontal cortex Posterior cingulate cortex

According to Kahana et. al., which of the following health promotion methods has particularly strong health benefits among the very old? Multiple choice question. Reduced intake of pills Meditation High-carbohydrate diet Regular exercise

Regular exercise

Threatening messages that are designed to change health behavior can result in _____, leading people to respond defensively, distorting risks to their health. Multiple choice question. passive behavior psychological distress cynical hostility unmitigated communion

psychological distress

Which of the following helps a person move from the precontemplation stage to the contemplation stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change? Multiple choice question. Providing people with information about a problem Emphasizing self-reinforcement and stimulus control techniques for appropriate behavior change Emphasizing how an individual feels about a problem and how stopping it will cause an effective change Making explicit commitments on when and how to change behavior

Providing people with information about a problem

Select all that apply What are the benefits of workplace interventions for health habit modifications? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Reduced health care costs Higher morale Less time-consuming Greater productivity

Reduced health care costs Higher morale Greater productivity

Which of the following provides information and low-cost access to health interventions for millions of people? Multiple choice question. Mass media campaigns Community-based interventions Workplace interventions The Internet

The Internet

What is the role of mass media campaigns in health habit modifications? Multiple choice question. They can alert people about health risks that they would not otherwise know about. They can build on social support for reinforcing adherence to recommended health changes. They bring about long-term behavior change. They bring about a significant attitude change among people.

They can alert people about health risks that they would not otherwise know about.

What is the goal of motivational interviewing techniques? Multiple choice question. To help the client remove the positive reinforcer in the environment each time an undesirable behavior is performed To help people systematically reward themselves to increase or decrease the occurrence of a target behavior To help people recognize and modify their internal monologues to promote health behavior change To help the client express their positive or negative thoughts regarding the behavior in an atmosphere that is free of negative evaluation

To help the client express their positive or negative thoughts regarding the behavior in an atmosphere that is free of negative evaluation

What is the first step in self-monitoring? Multiple choice question. To chart the target behavior To learn to discriminate the target behavior To assess the perception of a personal health threat To modify the poor health habit

To learn to discriminate the target behavior

True or false: The second stage in self-monitoring is charting the target behavior. True false question.TrueFalse

True

True or false: The tendency of people to relapse is one of the biggest problems during health habit modifications. True false question. True False

True

true or false: Characters who smoke in soap operas can act as role models, increasing the likelihood of smoking among adolescents.

True

A type of training that helps people deal more effectively with social anxiety is _____. Multiple choice question. cognitive training vocational training assertiveness training motivation training

assertiveness training

A disadvantage of community-based interventions is that they _____. Multiple choice question. are not suitable for targeting all types of health behaviors cannot reach out to as many people in comparison to other interventions can sometimes instill negative behavior, especially among adolescents can be expensive and bring about only modest behavior changecan be expensive and bring about only modest behavior change

can be expensive and bring about only modest behavior change

The process that trains people to recognize and modify internal monologues to promote health behavior change is called ____ ____

cognitive restructuring

The most effective approach to health habit modification that focuses on the target behavior, the conditions that elicit and maintain it, and the factors that reinforce it is called _____. Multiple choice question. impulse-control therapy psychoanalytic therapy gestalt therapy cognitive-behavior therapy

cognitive-behavior therapy

An intervention that may induce people to assess how they feel and think about a problem and how stopping it will change them would help people move from the _____ to the preparation stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change. Multiple choice question. contemplation stage action stage maintenance stage precontemplation stage

contemplation stage

According to the ____ ____ ____ , a person practices a health behavior based on two factors: whether the person perceives a personal health threat, and whether the person believes that a particular health practice will be effective in reducing that threat.

health belief model

An early influential attitude theory of why people practice health behaviors is the _____. Multiple choice question. theory of planned behavior health belief model transtheoretical model of behavior change self-determination theory

health belief model

____ ____ is a philosophy that has at its core the idea that good health, or wellness, is a personal and collective achievement.

health promotion

A theory that guides health behavior modification and builds on the idea that people are actively motivated to pursue their goals is known as the ____ ____ ____

self determination theory

The major venue for health habit modifications in the United States are _____. Multiple choice question. schools private practitioners self-help groups workplace interventions

self-help groups

Some poor health habits, such as drinking and overeating, can develop among people in response to _____. Multiple choice question. social anxiety extraversion fear appeals negative self-reward behaviors

social anxiety

Rules to lower the speed limit has had more impact on death and disability than interventions to get people to change their driving habits. This is an example of a _____ technique. Multiple choice question. assertiveness training stimulus control self-control social engineering

social engineering

The technique that modifies the environment in ways that affect people's abilities to practice a particular health behavior is known as ____ ____

social engineering

____ ____ ____ involve ridding the environment of discriminative stimuli that evoke the problem behavior, and creating new discriminative stimuli.

stimulus control interventions

A theory that attempts to link health beliefs directly to behavior is called the ____ ____ ____ ____

theory of planned behavior