HPRS-2300-001 Pharmacology Unit 1-3

Metabolism

Breakdown of drug to an inactive state P Quiz 1

**NF** A patient calls with a minor problem. While traveling, she got her medications mixed together. She needs to take her Cordarone tablet but isn't sure which one it is. Could you please describe it to her?

CH1

**NF** A patient calls you and states that he has found a single loose tablet on the carpet. He needs you to identify it for him. He describes it as a small blue tablet with a heart cut out of the middle. There is writing on the tablet, but it is too small to read. What is this medication?

CH1

**NF** A physician wants to know the available forms and strength of Imitrex. Using the index, look up the medication and list the available forms, strengths, and package sizes.

CH1

**NF** A physician wants to know what glucose-elevating products are available and whether they require a prescription. Look under the hormone section and find these products. List the available products, strengths, forms, and status.

CH1

**NF** Bicillin: Describe symptoms of a patient who is allergic to this drug.

CH1

**NF** Bill's young wife was just prescribed Vibra-Tabs for a respiratory infection. Bill asks you what this drug is and is it safe for his wife to take, since she may be pregnant. Is it safe?

CH1

**NF** Dan is currently taking the drugs Mephyton, Biaxin, and Entex LA for his chronic celiac disease and acute sinusitis. He was just prescribed Coumadin for thrombosis, and it had no therapeutic effect. Dan's doctor suspects it's a case of drug antagonism. Which drug is Dan taking that is antagonistic with Coumadin?

CH1

**NF** Depakote: For whom is this drug contraindicated?

CH1

**NF** Indocin: What would tip you off that a patient was showing adverse effects to the drug?

CH1

**NF** Sarah Roberts has liver damage due to a past history of alcohol abuse. She is also taking carbamazepine 400 mg TID. Can she safely take acetaminophen for her chronic headaches?

CH1

Mary's grandfather just came home from the doctor with a prescription for Vaseretic and he has already forgotten why he is supposed to take it. Explain what this drug is, its indications, and the most common adverse effects.

CH1

Site of Action

Location within the body where a drug exerts its therapeutic effect, often a specific drug receptor. CH1

Potency

Measure of the strength, or concentration, of a drug required to produce a specific effect. CH1

Distribution

Movement of drug from bloodstream into a tissue or organ P Quiz 1

Drug Allergy

Occurs when an individual becomes sensitized to a particular drug (drug acts as an antigen) and produces antibodies against the drug. CH1

Therapeutic Index (TI)

Ratio of the LD50 to the ED50 in animal studies. CH1

Describe the area of Pharmacy

Science of preparing and dispensing medicines. CH1

Allergic reaction

Signs include rash, itching, carticoria, and dyspnea P Quiz 1

Contraindications

Situations or conditions when a certain drug should not be administered. CH1

Receptor

Specific cellular structure that a drug binds to in order to produce a physiologic effect. CH1

Pharmacology

Study of drug therapy on the body P Quiz 1

Pharmacology

Study of drugs. CH1

Describe the area of Pharmacodynamics

Study of the action of drugs on living tissue. CH1

Describe the area of Posology

Study of the amount of drug that is required to produce the therapeutic effects. CH1

Describe the area of Toxicology

Study of the harmful effects of drugs on living tissue. CH1

Describe the area of Pharmacokinetics

Study of the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. CH1

Describe the area of Pharmacotherapeutics

Study of the use of drugs in treating diseases. CH1

Characterize the relationship between drug dosage and drug response

The dose-response relationship is that a drug response is proportional to the dose. CH1

A drug that has the potential for abuse and is regulated by the Drug Enforcement Agency is classified as a ______________. A.poison B.OTC drug C.prescription drug D.controlled substance E.nonproprietary drug

controlled substance CH1

Maintenance

dose Amount of drug required to keep drug level steady P Quiz 1

The time a drug continues to produce its effect is its A.ED50 B.maximal response C.ceiling effect D.onset of action E.duration of action

duration of action CH1

An unusual or unexpected drug reaction by an individual is known as _____________. A.toxic effect B.antagonism C.idiosyncrasy D.side effect E.drug allergy

idiosyncrasy CH1

A medication that does not require a physician's service to obtain is referred to as ______________. A.trade B.nonproprietary C.nonprescription D.brand E.generic

nonprescription CH1

The time from drug administration to the first observable drug effect is known as the _____________. A.duration of action B.onset of action C.ceiling effect D.maximal response E.ceiling effect

onset of action CH1

The medical situation when a particular drug should not be administered is referred to as ____________. A.side effect B.adverse effect C.drug allergy D.contraindication E.antagonism

contraindication CH1

The proprietary drug name supplied by a pharmaceutical company is also referred to as the _______________. A.generic name B.over-the-counter name C.trade name D.chemical name E.none of these

trade name CH1

Trade Name

(Drug Nomenclature) Patented proprietary name of a drug sold by a specific drug manufacturer; also referred to as the brand name. CH1

Chemical Name

(Drug Nomenclature) Name that defines the chemical composition of a drug. CH1

Generic Name

(Drug Nomenclature) Nonproprietary name or contraction of the chemical name of a drug. CH1

Idiosyncrasy

(Drug Safety) An individual reaction to a drug with an unusual or unexpected response. CH1

Teratogen

(Drug Safety) Drugs that produce birth defects. CH1

Drug Indication

Intended or indicated uses for any drug. CH1

What does the therapeutic index (TI) estimate?

It gives an estimate of the relative safety of a drug. CH1

List the 6 major areas of pharmacology

1. Pharmacodynamics 2. Pharmacokinetics 3. Pharmacotherapeutics 4. Pharmacy 5. Posology 6. Toxicology CH1

Agonist

A drug that binds to a receptor to cause a desired effect P Quiz 1

Dose

A measurement of the amount of drug that is administered. CH1

Dependence

Acquired need for a drug, with symptoms of withdrawal when discontinued P Quiz 1

Toxic dose

Amount of drug that can cause dangerous side effects P Quiz 1

Lethal dose

Amount of drug that can cause death P Quiz 1

Drug

Chemical substance that produces a change in body function. CH1

LD50

Lethal dose 50, or dose that will kill 50 percent of the laboratory animals tested. CH1

Tolerance

Decreased response after repeated use of a drug, increased dosage required for effect P Quiz 1

Therapeutic Effect

Desired drug effect to alleviate some condition or symptom of disease. CH1

Side Effect

Drug effect other than the therapeutic effect that is usually undesirable but not harmful. CH1

Prescription Drug

Drug for which dispensing requires a written or phone order that can only be issued by or under the direction of a licensed physician. CH1

Agonist

Drug that binds to a receptor and activates a physiologic response or drug action. CH1

Antagonist

Drug that binds to a receptor and interferes with other drugs or substances from producing a drug effect. CH1

Nonprescription, over-the-counter (OTC) drug

Drug that can be purchased without the services of a physician. CH1

Controlled Substance

Drug that has the potential for abuse and thus is regulated by law. CH1

Antagonism

Drugs working against each other or counteracting each other's effect P Quiz 1

Synergism

Drugs working together for a better effect P Quiz 1

ED50

Effective dose 50, or dose that will produce an effect that is half of the maximal response. CH1

Teratogenic

Effects on a fetus from maternal use of a drug P Quiz 1

Mechanism of Action

Explanation of how a drug produces its effects. CH1

Adverse Effect

General term for undesirable and potentially harmful drug effect. CH1

How is the therapeutic index (TI) is a ratio expressed in an equation?

The equation is expressed as: TI = LD50/ED50 = 1000 mg/100 mg = 10 CH1

Characterize the relationship between drug response and time.

The time-plasma drug concentration curve or time-response curve since it reflects the duration of action (length of time that a drug continues to produce its effect). CH1

Toxic Effect

Undesirable drug effect that implies drug poisoning; can be very harmful or life-threatening. CH1

Idiosyncrasy

Unusual response to a drug, other than expected effect P Quiz 1

Which of the following could be categorized as an adverse reaction? A.idiosyncrasy B.drug allergy C.teratogenicity D.carcinogenicity E.all of these

all of these CH1

The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion is known as ____________________________. A.pharmacotherapeutics B.pharmacodynamics C.pharmacokinetics D.pharmacy E.posology

pharmacokinetics CH1

Select the term below that relates to the amount of drug administered to produce a therapeutic effect. A.posology B.toxicology C.pharmacodynamics D.pharmacotherapeutics E.pharmacy

posology CH1