HROB*2090

Which theory proposes a weak or flexible hierarchy of needs? A) ERG B) Adams C) Maslow D) Expectancy E) Equity

A) ERG

How might equity theory explain employee theft? A) Low work outcomes B) High work expectancies C) Low need for achievement D) High work instrumentalities E) Low work inputs

A) Low work outcomes

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between cognitive demands, pay, and emotional labour? A) Occupations with high cognitive demands tend to be paid more when the jobs are high in emotional labour. B) Occupations with low cognitive demands tend to be paid more when the jobs are high in emotional labour. C) Occupations with high cognitive demands tend to be paid more regardless of the amount of emotional labour involved. D) Occupations with high cognitive demands tend to be paid more when the jobs are low in emotional labour. E) Occupations with low cognitive demands tend to be paid more when the jobs are low in emotional labour.

A) Occupations with high cognitive demands tend to be paid more when the jobs are high in emotional labour.

From bottom to top, what is the correct order of Salovey and Mayer's model of emotional intelligence? A) Perception of emotions; integration and assimilation of emotions; knowledge and understanding of emotions; management of emotions. B) Management of emotions; knowledge and understanding of emotions; integration and assimilation of emotions; perception of emotions. C) Perception of emotions; management of emotions; knowledge and understanding of emotions; integration and assimilation of emotions. D) Knowledge and understanding of emotions; perception of emotions; integration and assimilation of emotions; management of emotions. E) Perception of emotions; knowledge and understanding of emotions; integration and assimilation of emotions; management of emotions.

A) Perception of emotions; integration and assimilation of emotions; knowledge and understanding of emotions; management of emotions.

You have just been hired to perform a job that you have done before and have the ability to perform effectively. What kind of goal should your boss set for you? A) a high performance goal B) a high learning goal and a low performance goal C) a specific learning goal D) a do your best goal E) a high performance goal and a high learning goal

A) a high performance goal

Carefully applying equity theory should have a direct effect upon A) distributive fairness. B) cognitive dissonance. C) procedural fairness. D) interactional fairness. E) discrepancy theory.

A) distributive fairness.

People with the following personality traits tend to be more satisfied with their jobs: A) extraverted and conscientious B) extraverted and openness to experience C) openness to experience and conscientious D) extraverted and high in neuroticism E) openness to experience and agreeableness

A) extraverted and conscientious

12) SNC-Lavalin Group's CEO Jacques Lamarre is a good example of A) global leadership B) ethical leadership C) participative leadership D) strategic leadership E) transformational leadership

A) global leadership

22) Co-operators president and CEO Kathy Bardswick is a good example of A) leader consideration behaviour B) transformational leadership C) leader initiating structure behaviour D) leader punishment behaviour E) leader reward behaviour

A) leader consideration behaviour

The contingency approach to management suggests that A) management style depends on the demands of the situation. B) the best management style depends on the size of the organization. C) management style makes no difference. D) one management style should work for all individuals. E) management styles are constantly changing.

A) management style depends on the demands of the situation.

In a recent study in a unionized auto parts manufacturing plant, a Scanlon gainsharing program had a positive effect on A) number of suggestions provided by employees B) labour required C) scrap and waste reduction D) number of errors made by employees E) quality and quantity of parts

A) number of suggestions provided by employees

When people are engaged, how do they express themselves in the performance of their role? A) physically, cognitively, and emotionally B) emotionally, cognitively, and socially C) socially, politically, and emotionally D) physically, cognitively, and socially E) physically, socially, and emotionally

A) physically, cognitively, and emotionally

15) Compared to other culture clusters, what global leadership dimension does Canada and the United States score low on? A) self-protective B) participative C) humane-oriented D) team-oriented E) charismatic/value-based

A) self-protective

63) If an organization decides to change the characteristics of work tasks in order to improve employee satisfaction and performance, what approach to organizational behaviour are they following? A) situational approach B) dispositional approach C) operant learning approach D) personality approach E) interactionist approach

A) situational approach

A study on the career success of MBA graduates found that A) students with high general cognitive ability and high motivation were most successful. B) students with high motivation were most successful. C) students with high general cognitive ability and high emotional intelligence were most successful. D) students with high emotional intelligence and high motivation were most successful. E) students with high general cognitive ability were most successful.

A) students with high general cognitive ability and high motivation were most successful.

5) The personality dimension of conscientiousness is defined as A) the degree to which a person is responsible and achievement oriented. B) the degree to which a person has appropriate emotional control. C) the extent to which a person is outgoing and enjoys social situations. D) the degree to which a person thinks flexibly and is receptive to new ideas. E) the extent to which a person is friendly and approachable.

A) the degree to which a person is responsible and achievement oriented.

17) What do these leaders have in common? Herb Kelleher, Michael Eisner, and Steven Jobs A) they are transformational leaders B) they are strategic leaders C) they are ethical leaders D) they are transactional leaders E) they are global leaders

A) they are transformational leaders

57) Comparisons between transformational leadership and contingent reward behaviour indicate that A) transformational leadership is more strongly related to follower satisfaction with the leader and contingent reward behaviour is more strongly related to follower job satisfaction B) transformational leadership is more strongly related to follower satisfaction with the leader and contingent reward behaviour is more strongly related to leader effectiveness C) transformational leadership is more strongly related to follower satisfaction and contingent reward behaviour is more strongly related to follower satisfaction with the leader D) transformational leadership is more strongly related to follower job satisfaction and contingent reward behaviour is more strongly related to leader job performance E) transformational leadership is more strongly related to leader job performance and contingent reward behaviour is more strongly related to leader effectiveness

A) transformational leadership is more strongly related to follower satisfaction with the leader and contingent reward behaviour is more strongly related to follower job satisfaction

30) According to social cognitive theory, human behaviour can best be explained through a system of A) triadic reciprocal causation B) triadic bidirectional causation C) cognitive reciprocal causation D) bidirectional reciprocal causation E) triadic cognitive causation

A) triadic reciprocal causation

8) According to recent research, the barriers to promotion that women encounter in organizations are vestiges of prejudice, resistance to women's leadership, issues of leadership style, demands of family life, and A) underinvestment in social capital. B) lack of education. C) less interest in being promoted. D) greater emotionality. E) all of the above

A) underinvestment in social capital.

79) The personality dimension which helps foster cooperation and nurturing of others as well as involve teamwork is A) Conscientiousness. B) Agreeableness. C) Emotional stability. D) Collaborativeness. E) Friendliness.

B) Agreeableness.

82) In recent years, Fred Fiedler has developed a newer leadership theory in which the focus is the leader's cognitive resources (intelligence, expertise, and experience) contribute to effective leadership. This is called ________. A) Mental Aptitude Theory B) Cognitive Resource Theory C) Cerebral Capacity Theory D) Intellectual Capability Theory E) Cerebral Capability Theory

B) Cognitive Resource Theory

Path-Goal Theory differs from Fiedler's Contingency Theory in that A) Path-Goal Theory is an example of the trait approach to leadership. B) Path-Goal Theory is concerned with the effects of specific leader behaviour. C) only Path-Goal Theory takes account of the situation. D) Path-Goal Theory has aroused much more research controversy. E) only Path-Goal Theory considers the role of leadership orientation.

B) Path-Goal Theory is concerned with the effects of specific leader behaviour.

An organization has a safety problem and wants to change employee attitudes towards safety. If they want to focus on changing beliefs, what should they do? A) Tell employees about the children who are growing up without parents because of unsafe working behaviour. B) Tell employees that hard hats and safety glasses are not uncomfortable. C) Tell employees about workers who have lost limbs due to unsafe work practices. D) Tell employees about a dead workers family who are suffering because of unsafe work practices. E) Tell employees about workers who have been injured because of unsafe work practices and are unable to work and support for their families.

B) Tell employees that hard hats and safety glasses are not uncomfortable.

50) If prediction and explanation constitute analysis, then management constitutes A) behaviour. B) action. C) change. D) reason. E) structure.

B) action.

What are two important components of employee engagement? A) absorption and availability B) attention and absorption C) attention and availability D) attention and meaningfulness E) meaningfulness and safety

B) attention and absorption

60) If an authentic leader is participating in an objective analysis of a situation and considering others' different points of view before making his decision, he is engaging in ________. A) relational transparency B) balanced processing C) self-serving bias D) cognitive restraint E) internalized moral perspective

B) balanced processing

68) The following are characteristics of global leaders except A) duality B) emphasizing ethical practices C) personal character D) unbridled inquisitiveness E) savvy

B) emphasizing ethical practices

Where does the Job Characteristics Model falter in its predictions? A) knowledge and skills and context satisfaction B) growth need strength and context satisfaction C) growth need strength and knowledge and skill D) feedback and knowledge of results E) task identity and the critical psychological states

B) growth need strength and context satisfaction

7) Janet has shown her boss how effective she is on the job because she is naturally curious about what is happening with her company, has broad interests and has a vibrant imagination. She is demonstrating great A) willingness to get along with everyone. B) openness to experience. C) reluctance to work long hours. D) focus on getting promoted and is highly ambitious. E) emotional stability.

B) openness to experience.

Luke has just provided opportunities for trainees to practise using newly learned behaviours What does he need to do next? A) describe to trainees a set of well-defined behaviours to be learned B) provide feedback and social reinforcement to trainees C) take steps to maximize the transfer of those behaviours to the job D) collect self-observation data E) provide a model or models displaying the effective use of those behaviours

B) provide feedback and social reinforcement to trainees

55) If an authentic leader is presenting one's true or authentic self to others and is open with their sharing of their real feelings and thoughts, they are practicing ________. A) emotional adjustment B) relational transparency C) internalized moral perspective D) balanced processing E) external processing

B) relational transparency

When a task is novel or complex and individuals need to acquire new knowledge and skills for good performance, which of the following is most accurate? A) setting a high performance goal and a high learning goal will be most effective B) setting a specific learning goal will be most effective C) setting a do your best goal will be most effective D) setting a high performance goal will be most effective E) setting a high performance goal and a low learning goal will be most effective

B) setting a specific learning goal will be most effective

Fiedler's Contingency Theory of leadership is most clearly a A) theory of leadership emergence. B) situational theory C) trait theory. D) theory of participation. E) path-goal theory.

B) situational theory

14) What leadership theories emphasize ethical principles and standards? A) strategic and transformational leadership B) strategic and global leadership C) transformational and transactional leadership D) global and transformational leadership E) transformational and participative leadership

B) strategic and global leadership

The systematic mis-estimates that managers make of the pay of others in their firm suggests that they will often A) underestimate the pay of employees. B) underestimate the value of a promotion. C) experience equity with regard to peers. D) experience equity with regard to employees. E) overestimate the value of a promotion.

B) underestimate the value of a promotion.

If you experience procedural unfairness at work, how will this affect your satisfaction? A) you will be dissatisfied with your pay B) you will be dissatisfied with the system C) you will be dissatisfied with your job D) you will be dissatisfied with your coworkers E) you will be dissatisfied with your boss

B) you will be dissatisfied with the system

Which system is specifically based on cost reduction? A) Skill-based pay B) Goal setting C) Gain sharing D) Merit pay E) MBO

C) Gain sharing

he manager who tells an employee, "I'll recommend you for a promotion if you implement the new system by January" is attempting to strengthen which expectancy theory component? A) Valence of second-level outcomes B) Needs C) Instrumentality D) Relatedness E) Expectancy

C) Instrumentality

Heloise was happy that the systems manager was fired. She incorrectly assumed that everyone else in the company was also happy. What perceptual tendency is at work here? A) Fundamental attribution error B) Consensus cues C) Projection D) Occupational stereotyping E) Similar-to-me effect

C) Projection

Which of the following is true? A) The values held by members of various occupations are remarkably similar. B) Persuasion that is designed to modify beliefs is usually emotionally oriented C) The Job Descriptive Index measures attitudes. D) Pay is often considered an input in equity theory. E) Indirect communication is more likely to change attitudes than face-to-face persuasion.

C) The Job Descriptive Index measures attitudes.

Research shows that participation in goal setting A) has no effect at all on performance or goal difficulty. B) can improve performance by lowering the difficulty of goals that employees adopt. C) can improve performance by increasing the difficulty of goals that employees adopt. D) can reduce performance by increasing the difficulty of goals that employees adopt. E) can reduce performance by lowering the difficulty of goals that employees adopt.

C) can improve performance by increasing the difficulty of goals that employees adopt.

Which of the following is related to the probability of obtaining employment? A) agreeableness B) openness to experience C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability E) extraversion

C) conscientiousness

According to the expectancy theory of motivation, if we find that workers feel that they are unable to perform at a high level, we are dealing with a problem of A) second-level outcomes. B) relatedness. C) expectancy. D) valence. E) instrumentality.

C) expectancy.

Maurice sees his organization's performance evaluation system as arbitrary, capricious, and unreliable. In motivational terms, this performance evaluation system has reduced A) the valence of second-level outcomes. B) the valence of first-level outcomes. C) expectancy. D) instrumentality. E) both levels of valence.

C) expectancy.

2) According to Mintzberg, which of the following is an interpersonal role of management? A) spokesperson B) negotiator C) figurehead D) disseminator E) disturbance handler

C) figurehead

Alderfer differs from Maslow in that his ERG theory assumes A) a lower level need must be gratified before a less concrete need becomes operative. B) growth needs can be completely satisfied just as existence and relatedness needs can be. C) if higher level needs are strong but ungratified, individuals will increase their desire for the gratification of lower level needs. D) a rigid hierarchy of needs exists. E) the least concrete needs become more desired as they are fulfilled.

C) if higher level needs are strong but ungratified, individuals will increase their desire for the gratification of lower level needs.

To increase the overall job satisfaction of an employee A) increase organizational citizenship behaviour. B) use the Job Descriptive Index. C) increase facet satisfaction. D) reduce turnover. E) create a discrepancy between desired and actual outcomes.

C) increase facet satisfaction.

To increase organizational citizenship behaviour A) increase performance. B) reduce turnover. C) increase job satisfaction. D) reduce organizational commitment. E) decrease procedural fairness.

C) increase job satisfaction.

Research shows that the employment interview A) is free of perceptual biases. B) overweights positive information. C) is most effective when the interviewer does not ask personal questions. D) is most valid when the interviewer conducts it in an unstructured format. E) is a totally invalid selection technique.

C) is most effective when the interviewer does not ask personal questions.

43) Compared to initiating structure, consideration is more strongly related to A) job satisfaction, leader job performance, and group performance B) leader satisfaction, job satisfaction, and leader job performance C) leader satisfaction, job satisfaction, and motivation D) leader satisfaction, leader job performance, and group performance E) leader job performance, job satisfaction, and motivation

C) leader satisfaction, job satisfaction, and motivation`

34) Leader reward and punishment behaviour are related to employee attitudes and behaviours because it A) leads to more positive perceptions of the leader and lower role ambiguity B) leads to more positive perceptions of justice and lower stress C) leads to more positive perceptions of justice and lower role ambiguity D) leads to more positive perceptions of justice and lower role conflict E) leads to more positive perceptions of the leader and lower stress

C) leads to more positive perceptions of justice and lower role ambiguity

Research has found that general cognitive ability A) predicts learning and training success but not job performance. B) does not predict learning, training success, or job performance. C) predicts learning, training success, and job performance. D) predicts learning and job performance but not training success. E) predicts training success and job performance but not learning.

C) predicts learning, training success, and job performance.

87) Which of the following is a component of strategic leadership? A) Unbridled inquisitiveness. B) Savvy. C) Duality. D) Personal character. E) emphasizing ethical practices.

E) emphasizing ethical practices.

40) A person with low self-esteem will likely A) be able to deal with negative feedback. B) be less susceptible to external and social influences. C) respond well to mentoring. D) react well to ambiguous stressful situations. E) be less pliable than someone with high self-esteem.

C) respond well to mentoring.

If you are learning a complex task and you do not have the required knowledge and skills, what kind of goal will be most effective for you? A) specific high performance goal B) specific performance goal C) specific high learning goal D) specific and challenging performance goal E) do your best goal

C) specific high learning goal

What is the performance impact of specific, challenging goals? A) weaker for simple jobs B) stronger for complex jobs C) stronger for simple jobs D) the same for all kinds of jobs E) weaker for complex jobs

C) stronger for simple jobs

All of the following are global leadership dimensions except A) charismatic/value-based B) team-oriented C) task-oriented D) humane-oriented E) participative

C) task-oriented

Which of the following is true about high self-monitors? A) they experience less role stress and show less commitment to their organization B) they experience more role stress and show higher commitment to their organization C) they experience more role stress and less commitment to their organization D) they experience no role stress and show less commitment to their organization E) they experience less role stress and show higher commitment to their organization

C) they experience more role stress and less commitment to their organization

All forms of organizational commitment are related to A) promotions. B) performance. C) turnover. D) absenteeism. E) organizational citizenship behaviour.

C) turnover.

25) Personality will have the most impact in which situation? A) weak situations with well defined roles, rules, and contingencies. B) strong situations with well defined roles, rules, and contingencies. C) weak situations of loosely defined roles with few rules. D) both weak and strong situations. E) situations of medium strength.

C) weak situations of loosely defined roles with few rules.

The Devious Employment Agency uses a trick to get companies to hire its candidates. If it only has a marginal candidate, it sends over two real duds before sending over this marginal person. Which perceptual reaction is the Devious manager relying on to get the marginal candidate hired? A) Halo effect B) Central trait C) Leniency D) Contrast effect E) Actor-observer effect

D) Contrast effect

62) What are the situational factors in House's Path-Goal Theory of leadership? A) Situational favourableness B) Leader-member relations, task structure and position power C) Neutralizers and substitutes D) Employee characteristics and environmental factors E) Individualized consideration

D) Employee characteristics and environmental factors

What is the relationship between employee job satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and organizational profitability? A) Employee job satisfaction is not related to customer satisfaction, but customer satisfaction is related to organizational profitability. B) Employee job satisfaction is not related to customer satisfaction or organizational profitability. C) Employee job satisfaction is related to customer satisfaction but not organizational profitability. D) Employee job satisfaction is related to customer satisfaction and organizational profitability. E) Employee job satisfaction is related to organizational profitability but not customer satisfaction.

D) Employee job satisfaction is related to customer satisfaction and organizational profitability.

According to the Job Characteristics Model, what should be done to increase experienced responsibility for work outcomes? A) Reduce feedback B) Increase task significance C) Increase skill variety D) Increase autonomy E) Reduce task identity

D) Increase autonomy

Authentic leadership consists of four related but distinct dimensions. They are all of the following except A) Internalized moral perspective. B) Relational transparency C) Balanced processing. D) Independent rationalization. E) Self-awareness.

D) Independent rationalization.

The ________ theory of motivation seeks to help a person understand whether their motivation is either autonomous or controlled. A) Expectancy B) Contingency C) Associative D) Self-determination E) ERG

D) Self-determination

Samantha engages in a low consensus behaviour. What other combination of cues will ensure that an observer makes a dispositional attribution about the behaviour? A) The behaviour is also low in distinctiveness and high in contrast. B) The behaviour is also low in distinctiveness and low in consistency. C) The behaviour is also high in distinctiveness and high in consistency. D) The behaviour is also low in distinctiveness and high in consistency. E) The behaviour is also high in distinctiveness and low in consistency.

D) The behaviour is also low in distinctiveness and high in consistency.

Self-determination theory seeks to determine whether a person's motivation is ________ or ________. A) need based; extrinsic. B) valent; equitable. C) valent; autonomous. D) autonomous; controlled. E) expectant; controlled.

D) autonomous; controlled.

18) Employees of ethical leaders have been found to A) be more satisfied with working conditions B) be more satisfied with their job C) be more satisfied with their co-workers D) be more satisfied with their supervisor E) be more satisfied with how they are rewarded

D) be more satisfied with their supervisor

84) Suncor Energy Inc. CEO Rick George is a good example of A) participative leadership B) transformational leadership C) strategic leadership D) global leadership E) ethical leadership

E) ethical leadership

78) Research on consideration and initiating structure has found that A) consideration and initiating structure are similarly related to leader job performance and group performance B) consideration is more strongly related to leader job performance and group performance C) initiating structure is more strongly related to leader job performance and consideration is more strongly related to group performance D) initiating structure is more strongly related to leader job performance and group performance E) consideration is more strongly related to leader job performance and initiating structure is more strongly related to group performance

D) initiating structure is more strongly related to leader job performance and group performance

75) Directive behaviour is essentially the same as A) consideration. B) achievement-oriented behaviour. C) participative behaviour. D) initiating structure. E) social-emotional leadership.

D) initiating structure.

45) Effective management of organizational behaviour A) was the first or earliest goal of the field of organizational behaviour. B) is impossible to achieve since each organizational member is a unique individual. C) requires quick and decisive action on the part of management. D) is predicated on good prediction and explanation of behaviour. E) is an example of the managerial task of analysis.

D) is predicated on good prediction and explanation of behaviour.`

Which of the following is an emotional disposition that predicts people's general emotional tendencies? A) self-esteem B) proactive personality C) locus of control D) positive affectivity E) general self-efficacy

D) positive affectivity

53) Two important managerial tasks are the analysis of problems and taking action to deal with these problems. Analysis is closely related to which goal(s) of the field of organizational behaviour? A) prediction and control B) management C) prediction and management D) prediction and explanation E) explanation and control

D) prediction and explanation

41) The Hawthorne studies illustrated how A) rest pauses can cause employees to lower their productivity. B) fatigue can be avoided by redesigning work. C) lighting can reduce the quality of employees' work. D) psychological and social processes affect productivity and work adjustment. E) all of the above.

D) psychological and social processes affect productivity and work adjustment.

If you have the physical, emotional, and cognitive resources required to engage yourself in your job then you have: A) psychological security B) psychological meaningfulness C) psychological safety D) psychological availability E) physiological safety

D) psychological availability

24) Joan was poorly treated in an employment interview and perceived the organizations as lacking respect for its employees. What is this an example of? A) contrast effects B) social identity theory C) halo effect D) signalling theory E) fundamental attribution error

D) signalling theory

The effects of behaviour modelling training are greatest when A) trainees are instructed to set goals and rewards are used in the work environment B) trainees are instructed to set goals and sanctions are used in the work environment C) rewards and sanctions are used in the work environment D) trainees are instructed to set goals and rewards and sanctions are used in the work environment E) trainees are instructed to set goals

D) trainees are instructed to set goals and rewards and sanctions are used in the work environment

Research on the leadership styles of men and women has found that A) men leaders were more transformational than women and also engaged in more of the contingent reward behaviours of transactional leadership. B) men leaders were more transformational than women and women engaged in more of the contingent reward behaviours of transactional leadership. C) women leaders were more transformational than men and men engaged in more of the contingent reward behaviours of transactional leadership. D) women leaders were more transformational than men and also engaged in more of the contingent reward behaviours of transactional leadership. E) women leaders were more transformational than men and also engaged in more of a laissez-faire style of leadership.

D) women leaders were more transformational than men and also engaged in more of the contingent reward behaviours of transactional leadership.

10) Edward has recently been told that he is very effective at networking with potential customers. However, his follow-up after initial contact is sloppy and his files are not up to date. In order to be more effective on the job he needs to keep working on the ________ part of this personality. A) Emotional stability. B) Independence. C) Openness to experience. D) Neuroticism. E) Conscientiousness.

E) Conscientiousness.

According to McClelland, which need profile characterizes the most effective managers? A) High achievement, low power B) High power, high affiliation C) Low affiliation, high achievement D) High achievement, high affiliation E) High power, low affiliation

E) High power, low affiliation

________ increases the probability of a behaviour by the removal of a negative stimulus after that behaviour occurs. A) Positive reinforcement B) Extinction C) Modeling D) Punishment E) Negative reinforcement

E) Negative reinforcement

Which of the following is most accurate about the negative effects of distributive unfairness? A) Interactional fairness but not procedural fairness can offset the negative effects of distributive unfairness. B) The negative effects of distributive unfairness can only be offset by distributive fairness. C) Procedural fairness but not interactional fairness can offset the negative effects of distributive unfairness. D) Neither procedural fairness or interactional fairness can offset the negative effects of distributive unfairness. E) Procedural fairness and interactional fairness can offset the negative effects of distributive unfairness.

E) Procedural fairness and interactional fairness can offset the negative effects of distributive unfairness.

71) What is the "contingency" variable in Fiedler's Contingency Theory of leadership? A) Consideration B) Position power C) Leadership orientation D) Task structure E) Situational favourableness

E) Situational favourableness

What job satisfaction facets does the Job Descriptive Index measure? A) Work, security, people, rewards, promotions B) Work, supervision, people, rewards, promotions C) Work, security, people, pay, promotions D) Security, people, pay, rewards, promotions E) Work, supervision, people, pay, promotions

E) Work, supervision, people, pay, promotions

20) If Mark's job is clear and certain, a leader is most likely to increase Mark's satisfaction by A) being moderate on both consideration and initiating structure. B) being considerate and high on initiating structure. C) being high on initiating structure. D) not being considerate and being low on initiating structure. E) being considerate.

E) being considerate.

45) What are the components of career development? A) career planning and career decision making B) career management and career advancement C) career choice and career planning D) career decision making and career management E) career planning and career management

E) career planning and career management

74) What does transactional leadership involve? A) contingent reward behaviour and management by exception B) contingent punishment behaviour and laissez-faire leadership C) management by exception and laissez-faire leadership D) contingent reward and punishment behaviour E) contingent reward behaviour and management by exception

E) contingent reward behaviour and management by exception

45) Jack and Clarice have just begun work at ACME Insurance Co. They work for different managers and they disagree on whose manager is the better leader. Jack does not respond well to his manager and does not want to accept him as his leader. Clarice responds very well to her manager and believes she has the qualities of a good leader. What does this demonstrate? A) ethical leadership B) cultural differences in leadership C) gender differences in leadership D) situational theories of leadership E) implicit leadership theory

E) implicit leadership theory

Trust results in positive employee attitudes and behaviours because it A) improves employees' perceived supervisor support B) improves employee motivation C) lowers employee stress D) improves employees' perceived organizational support E) improves employees' ability to focus

E) improves employees' ability to focus

The consultant said to a client company "Look, you people offer the highest pay in the industry! If you tied it to performance you'd get some motivational punch." The consultant is saying that A) expectancy is low. B) second-level valence is low and instrumentality is low. C) second-level valence is low and instrumentality is high. D) expectancy is high. E) instrumentality is low and second-level valence is high.

E) instrumentality is low and second-level valence is high.

39) What are the key dimensions of transformational leadership? A) contingent reward behaviour, management by exception, individualized consideration, and charisma B) intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, participation, and charisma C) individualized consideration, charisma, management by exception, and inspirational motivation D) intellectual stimulation, management by exception, individualized consideration, and charisma E) intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation, and charisma

E) intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation, and charisma

Organizational citizenship behaviour A) is negatively related to equity. B) is usually rewarded through formal performance evaluations. C) is an important evaluation component in most formal performance review systems. D) involves carrying out one's assigned job duties to the best of one's ability. E) is positively related to job satisfaction.

E) is positively related to job satisfaction.

According to equity theory, the overpaid worker A) may reduce inputs to achieve equity. B) should not experience inequity. C) may reduce inputs and increase outcomes to achieve equity. D) may increase outcomes to achieve equity. E) may increase inputs to achieve equity.

E) may increase inputs to achieve equity.

The extent to which an organizational member contributes to achieving the objectives of the organization is called A) expectancy. B) extrinsic motivation. C) intrinsic motivation. D) effort. E) performance.

E) performance.

If you have job in which you can employ and express yourself without fear of negative consequences to your self-image, status, or career, then you have: A) psychological availability B) psychological meaningfulness C) psychological security D) job security E) psychological safety

E) psychological safety

Subjective performance measures are called "subjective" because A) bosses and employees frequently disagree on the ratings. B) it is impossible to measure performance objectively. C) they focus attention directly on the interview subject. D) all performance measures are subjective. E) they are a product of the perceptions of an observer.

E) they are a product of the perceptions of an observer.

If you experience interactional unfairness at work, how will this affect your satisfaction? A) you will be dissatisfied with the system B) you will be dissatisfied with yourself C) you will be dissatisfied with your coworkers D) you will be dissatisfied with your friends E) you will be dissatisfied with your boss

E) you will be dissatisfied with your boss