HS202 Final Exam Study Guide
Blitzkrieg
"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939
Russo-Japanese War
(1904-1905) a battle between Japan and Russia over land. Japan was able to win the war, which led them to great power.
Boxer Uprising
1899-1900; the reaction of angry Chinese Peasants wanting to cease foreign influence (especially Christianity) in their land
According to the textbook, what percentage of the Amerindian population was killed by Afro-Eurasian diseases during the sixteenth century? A. 90 percent B. 70 percent C. 50 percent D. 15 percent
90 percent
Martin Luther
A German monk in the 16th century who challenged the Catholic Church. He played a major role in the Reformation and was very influential in creating divisions within Christianity.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
A Russian novelist in the twentieth century; outspoken critic of the communist system and help raise awareness of the political repression in the Soviet Union, specifically the Gulag.
Inquisition
A period of intense trials and investigations that had the goal of fighting heresy.
"The Gold Coast" was/is an important trading region in A. Africa B. China C. Central America D. Persia
Africa
In the 19th century, the British fought two wars with China over Opium. What is opium? A. An addictive drug made from poppies B. A valuable mineral commodity C. A product from the sap of rubber trees that was used to insulate wires D. A spice that added flavor to tea and coffee
An addictive drug made from poppies
Humanism
An outlook that believes in the goodness of humanity and places value on common human needs and finding ways to solve human problems; the term originated into a movement during the Renaissance in the 19th century.
Queen Isabella of Castille married King Ferdinand to create the new nation of Spain. What kingdom did Ferdinand rule over before he was married? A. Aegean B. Altamira C. Aragon d. Armenia
Aragon
Otto van Bismark
Became the Prime Minister of Prussia in 1862; in 1871, he successfully created and unified Germany, becoming the first chancellor of Germany.
Shah Abbas I
Became the Safavid king in 1588; considered to be one of the greatest rulers of Iranian history. His reign marked the golden ages of Persian culture and severely strengthened the empire.
Sun Yat-Sen
Born in 1866 and played an important role in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty; served as the first president of the Republic of China
Which of the following accurately indicates part of the process by which the slave trade was ended in the North Atlantic? a. The Dutch persuaded the French and other European governments to prohibit the slave trade. b. The United States was the first North Atlantic power to prohibit the slave trade, and others followed its lead. c. Britain posted a naval squadron off the coast of West Africa to prevent any slave trade north of the equator. d. European and American revolutionaries all agreed that free wage labor was inherently more productive than forced labor.
Britain posted a naval squadron off the coast of West Africa to prevent any slave trade north of the equator.
Calcutta
British East India Company headquarters; became the capital of British India and the first ever capital of India in 1772. It remained the capital until 1911.
James Watt
British engineer who is most credited with making significant changes to and improving the steam engine in 1776, which sparked the Industrial Revolution because of its ability to provide energy in places away from water.
Topkapi Palace
Built in 1459 and used as the Ottoman Empire headquarters from the 1480s to the 1850s; located in Istanbul
The goals of the Taiping Rebellion both challenged and reasserted tradition. Of the choices below, select the one that challenged Chinese tradition. a. Attacking ancestral shrines of Confucius and his followers b. Spreading fear and hatred of foreigners c. Calling upon peasants to take an active role in political and social affairs d. Gathering support against the government from rural areas
Calling upon peasants to take an active role in political and social affairs
Modernism
Came to prominence in the arts and sciences in the early 20th century; replaced the certainties of the Enlightenment with a new unsettledness; Art became more abstract, culture became less elitist, and leisure time and entertainment sources increased
Ottoman Empire
Came to rise in the beginning of the 13th century and took control of parts of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa. It became one of the largest military and economic powers in the world, but in 1922, shortly after WWI, the once powerful empire came to an end.
What was the name of the port that the British received as part of their victory in the First Opium War? a. Canton b. Hong Kong c. Nagasaki d. Singapore
Canton
Istanbul
Capital of the Ottoman Empire; Formerly known as Constantinople (until 1453); largest city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center as well.
Isfahan
Capital of the Safavid Empire; Shah Abbas I, ruler of the Safavid Empire from 1587-1629, constructed the great plaza at Isfahan. While many other nations were building private spaces to conduct business, Shah Abbas I chose to create a great public space instead. This structure reflected his desire to bring trade, government, and religion together under the authority of the supreme political leader.
Who were the Eunuchs in Manchu China? a. Fierce warriors who practiced with Japanese samurai b. Opium Addicts who were shunned by proper respectable society c. Honored religious leaders who had made the official pilgrimage to the birthplace of Buddha d. Castrated males were served important roles in the government
Castrated males were served important roles in the government
The footbinding of young girls was a widespread cultural practice in A. Central America B. China C. Safavid Persia D. West Africa
China
Which was the most populated empire or nation-state in the world in the year 1500? A. China B. the Delhi Sultanate C. the Ottoman Empire D. Spain
China
Which of the following is a similarity between the ways that the rulers of Muslim and Chinese empires used the new wealth circulating in global trade? a. Chinese and Muslim rulers financed pure scientific research. b. Chinese and Muslim rulers glorified their regimes through magnificent architecture and art. c. Chinese and Muslim rulers lowered taxes on their peasant populations. d. Chinese and Muslim rulers established new universities to teach western knowledge
Chinese and Muslim rulers glorified their regimes through magnificent architecture and art.
Western governments like Britain, France, Russia and the United Stated opposed the Taiping Rebellion and gave their support to the established government, because they felt that the Rebellion was a perversion and distortion of the principles of a. Christianity b. Confucianism c. Liberalism d. Romanticism
Christianity
SHAKA ZULU created a warrior state in South Africa in response to A. Erosion of the traditional Islamic religion B. Growing social inequality between the Proletariat and the Aristocracy C. Problems associated with the Slave Trade D. Competition for land among Native tribes and European settlers
Competition for land among Native tribes and European settlers
What rumor sparked the Great Indian Rebellion of 1857? A. Queen Victoria was really a man B. The British were planning to force people to smoke Opium C. Cow and pig fat were being used to grease the cartridges used in soldiers' rifles D. The British were planning to introduce slavery into India
Cow and pig fat were being used to grease the cartridges used in soldiers' rifles
Textile Mill
Created in England in the late eighteenth century; quickly became a key aspect of the Industrial Revolution because it allowed for cloth to be produced more rapidly through the use of machines; led to an increase of cloth production and created many jobs, a stronger economy, and an advancement in technology.
Decembrists
Decembrists were Russian army officers who were influenced by events in France during the period of the revolution. In December 1825, they launched an unsuccessful revolt that was ended by Nicholas I.
This was the system of forced labor for the benefit of the Spanish colonists and Spanish Crown. A. Appliacacion B. Encomienda C. Quetzacoatl D. Sriracha
Ecomienda
Hindu Revivalism
Emerged in the late 19th century as a result of the nationalist movement; It is a way reform Hinduism as a way to strengthen their religion.
Shah Jahan
Emperor of the Mughal empire from 1628-1658; created the Taj Mahal in modern day India.
Which of the following is a reason that Creoles in Spanish and Portuguese colonies were drawn to Enlightenment ideas? a. Enlightenment ideas were popular in Portugal and Spain. b. Creoles wanted to imitate their English counterparts in North America. c. Creoles believed in the equality of all humankind. d. Enlightenment ideas helped to justify their dissatisfaction with colonial rule.
Enlightenment ideas helped to justify their dissatisfaction with colonial rule
Forbidden City
Established in 1406; located in Beijing, China. From 1420 to 1924, it was the imperial palace of the Emperor of China from the Ming dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty.
Dutch East India Company
Established in 1602 as a result of the Dutch government's desire to monopolize intercontinental trade; quickly became the wealthiest commercial operation in the world; it was the first company to link the east and the west together in trade.
How did the industrial revolution affect Europe's relationships with other parts of the world? a. Europe became more powerful economically by exporting more goods than it imported. b. Europe pulled back from its earlier interest in overseas colonization. c. Europe became more dependent on other parts of the world for financial support. d. Europe became vulnerable to trade embargoes by Asian empires.
Europe became more powerful economically by exporting more goods than it imported.
Which of the following groups benefited most from the wealth generated by the Atlantic system? A. European sailors B. African Warriors C. Plantation Workers D. European investors
European investors
True or False: In the Safavid Empire, new wealth from global trade funded architectural and artistic achievements that glorified Sunni Islam.
False
True or False: The Safavids shahs, like other Muslim leaders of this period, concealed themselves from their subject.
False
True or false: China remained completely unaffected by the Black Death. A. True B. False
False
Anglo-Boer War
Fought between British settlers of the Cape Colony and native Afrikaners (1899-1902); discovery of gold in the Transvaal frightened the British because they feared the Afrikaners were becoming too powerful, and this led to the war; first concentration camps.
By 1789, which country held the richest colony in the Caribbean Sea? A. England B. France C. Spain D. the United States of America
France
Philosophes
French thinkers of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment; most were just ordinary members of the public who stressed using reason while learning, especially in areas of philosophy, history, science, politics, etc.
Seeing themselves as "the shadow of God" on earth, Ottoman sultans: A. forced all of their subjects to convert to Islam. B. followed a strict disciplined life of fasting and chastity - going without sex C. funded construction of elaborate mosques. D. made Arabic the official language of administration.
Funded construction of elaborate mosques
Which of the following actions was undertaken by Muhammad Ali of Egypt to attempt to create the most powerful state in the eastern Mediterranean? a. He used diplomacy, not the army, as the model for modern state building. b. He sought the advice of the English to reform his government. c. He reduced spending on education so that more time would be spent on agriculture. d. He deepened irrigation canals and constructed a series of dams across the Nile.
He deepened irrigation canals and constructed a series of dams across the Nile.
Which of the following methods was used by Tsar Nicholas I to maintain absolute rule in Russia? a. He claimed that enlightened despotism was the most advanced form of government. b. He attempted to gain the loyalty of the people by abolishing serfdom. c. He expanded the secret police and enforced censorship. d. He bought the loyalty of the Decembrists with gifts of lands and titles.
He expanded the secret police and enforced censorship.
Which of the following shows the early Mughal Empire's attitude toward the culture of South Asia? A. Only Islamic ideas and beliefs were allowed artistic expression. B. Only Hindu ideas and beliefs were allowed artistic expression. C. Hindus and Muslims joined to suppress the culture of other ethnic groups in South Asia. D. Hindus and Muslims shared the flourishing of art, architecture, and music.
Hindus and Muslims shared the flourishing of art, architecture, and music.
Which of the following shows the early Mughal Empire's attitude toward the culture of South Asia? a. Islamic traditions dominated artistic and poetic expression. b. Hindu traditions in jurisprudence formed the basis of Mughal law. c. Hindus and Muslims joined to suppress the culture of other ethnic groups in South Asia. d. Hindus and Muslims shared the flourishing of art, architecture, and music.
Hindus and Muslims shared the flourishing of art, architecture, and music.
Which of the following factors helped create the "industrious" revolution? a. Households were moved by revivalist preachers to work harder to avoid time for sinning. b. Because of changing climates, households had to work much longer hours to grow enough food. c. Because of competition with slave and other forms of forced labor, most households had to include their children in laboring to provide enough income to survive. d. Households gave up leisure time to produce more goods for the market in order to buy products produced elsewhere.
Households gave up leisure time to produce more goods for the market in order to buy products produced elsewhere.
"Akbar" and "Jahan" were great leaders of A. the Asante b. India c. Japan d. the Ottoman Empire
India
"SEPOYS" - local, native soldiers in the employment of the colonial power, were an important factor in the large rebellion in A. India B. Jamaica C. Japan D. Shawneeland
India
How did the British change their approach to ruling India after the Great Indian Rebellion of 1857? A. The British began to use railroads, roads, and telegraph lines to link the region together. B. India came under the British crown's direct control. C. The British stopped allowing Indians to serve in the British army. D. The British restored control of cotton manufacturing to India.
India came under the British crown's direct control.
In the year 1500, which of the world's Oceans had the greatest amount of Overseas trade? A. Atlantic B. Arctic C. Indian D. Pacific
Indian Ocean
There was a great deal of marriage and sexual relations between European men and native American women in central and south America. Why? A. Amerindians sought to speed up the process of conversion to Christianity. B. Amerindian women were attempting to repopulate the Americans after the deaths brought by European disease. C. Initially, European colonists were overwhelmingly male, and they used their power and wealth. D. European wives died out rapidly in the harsh climates of America.
Initially, European colonists were overwhelmingly male, and they used their power and wealth.
Where did the plague known as the Black Death originate? A. central Africa B. north America C. inner Asia D. western Europe
Inner Asia
Shah Abbas I of Persia established a new educational and cultural center at: A. Islamabad B. Isfahan C. Istanbul D. Issus
Isfahan
What was the religion of the Mughal Emperors of India? A. Buddhism B. Christianity C. Hinduism D. Islam
Islam
What was the religion of the Safavid Emperors of Persia and the nobility who served at their courts? A. Buddhism B. Christianity C. Hinduism D. Islam
Islam
In what way did Britain's political and social environment contribute to the industrial revolution? a. It encouraged women to participate in creating new technology. b. It allowed merchants and industrialists to invest heavily in such inventions as steam power. c. It encouraged land-owning nobility to grow crops for food for the working-class population. d. It restricted access to rapidly expanding international and internal markets.
It allowed merchants and industrialists to invest heavily in such inventions as steam power.
Which of the following accurately describes the political revolution against the Spanish monarchy in early nineteenth-century Latin America? a. It was largely a revolt by Amerindians against poor treatment by the Spanish. b. It depended on support from the United States for its success. c. It was crushed by the colonial elite, who used their Spanish identity to justify their control. d. It became a social struggle among Amerindians, slaves, mestizos, and whites.
It became a social struggle among Amerindians, slaves, mestizos, and whites.
How did the idea that "all men were created equal" affect revolutionary American society? a. It led to the argument that everyone should pay the same amount in taxes. b. It encouraged people to overturn social hierarchies and stop deferring to those who claimed higher rank. c. It undermined the belief in the importance of private property. d. It led slave owners to use less force in controlling their slaves, eventually even freeing them.
It encouraged people to overturn social hierarchies and stop deferring to those who claimed higher rank.
How did popular culture in Tokugawa Japan challenge its social order? a. The most popular plays were those that made fun of the shogun. b. It idolized groups such as actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy. c. It argued that people should be able to rise in the social hierarchy through attention to propriety and virtuous behavior. d. It offered women opportunities for independence and autonomy.
It idolized groups such as actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy.
Which of the following statements about Devshirme is true? A. It was the name of the dynasty from central Europe which gained power through a carefully plotted series of alliances and marriages B. It was widely believed to be a cure for the Black Death, although it has no proven medical value C. It required each Christian or Jewish village in the Ottoman empire to hand over a certain number of young males who would then be forced to convert to Islam and later trained to become the administrators and leaders of the state. D. It was the Spanish religious policy that took aim at converts to Christianity from Islam or Judaism, suspecting them of not being enough devoted to their new Christian faith.
It required each Christian or Jewish village in the Ottoman empire to hand over a certain number of young males who would then be forced to convert to Islam and later trained to become the administrators and leaders of the state.
Which of the following accurately describes a reason cited by the colonists for the North American War of Independence? a. Britain's North American colonies were impoverished and would not be able to prosper as long as Britain retained control. b. Many Amerindians turned to the American revolutionaries to help them resist the aggressive advances of the land-hungry British. c. King George III insisted that colonists help pay for Britain's war with France and for the benefits of being subjects of the British Empire. d. North American colonists did not have local assemblies, which they required to be democratic.
King George III insisted that colonists help pay for Britain's war with France and for the benefits of being subjects of the British Empire.
Tulips
Mainly associated with Central Asia and the Ottoman Empire; a luxury good of the 17th and 18th centuries; a symbolic item of wealth and beauty.
What was the economic philosophy called that assumed that the world's wealth was fixed and one country could only increase its wealth at the expense of another? A. Mercantilism B. Monetarism C. Nationalism D. Socialism
Mercantilism
What was the ethnic heritage of the Chinese "QING dynasty? a. Japanese b. Korean c. Mongolian d. Russian
Mongolian
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATO; a military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed in 1949; alliance in which its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party; consists of 32 member states across North America and Europe
Who did the French rely upon to help them with trapping knowledge of the forests of North America? A. African slaves B. Creoles C. the English D. Native Amerindians
Native Amerindians
Which of the following reflects the attitude exhibited by rulers of the Ottoman Empire toward Jews and Christians, as long as they accepted the Ottoman Sultan's political rule? A. Non-Muslim religious leaders forfeited their property to Muslim clerics. B. Non-Muslims were free to choose their own religious leaders and settle internal disputes. C. Non-Muslims were forbidden to engage in trade or certain crafts. D. Non-Muslim religious leaders were forced to convert by sufi missionaries.
Non-Muslims were free to choose their own religious leaders and settle internal disputes.
Which of the following accurately describes global trade in the mid-nineteenth century? a. The global trade of luxury goods, such as silk and porcelain, profoundly changed the societies that produced them. b. People increasingly worked to produce goods they could sell in the global market instead of producing subsistence crops. c. Most goods were carried overland by railroad instead of by sea on sailing ships. d. The people in the agricultural hinterlands were largely unaffected by changing global markets.
People increasingly worked to produce goods they could sell in the global market instead of producing subsistence crops.
Which European nation was the first to sponsor a successful tradition "mission" to India using the sea routes all the way around the coast of Africa? A. England B. France C. Portugal D. Spain
Portugal
Which of the following is a consequence of the revolution in Saint Domingue? a. It discouraged the revolutionaries in Latin America. b. President Thomas Jefferson refused to recognize the new nation, worried that its success might inspire similar revolts in the United States. c. Napoleon, having restored slavery in France, waged a successful war that restored French control and slavery on Saint Domingue. d. After defeating the French in Saint Domingue, the revolutionaries offered their assistance to those who wished to rebel in Brazil.
President Thomas Jefferson refused to recognize the new nation, worried that its success might inspire similar revolts in the United States.
Sainte Domingue
Revolution in 1791; this revolution came from the bottom of society, the African slaves, which resulted in the abolishment of slavery and former slaves taking over the colony; known as Haiti today
Ming Dynasty
Ruled over China from 1368-1644. This period was known for its trade expansion that established ties to the western world. It was the last orthodox dynasty of China that was ruled by the Han people.
King Louis XIV
Ruled over France from 1643-1715; This period is considered to be the golden age of French culture, art, and literature. One significant structure that came out of his reign was the Palace of Versailles which displayed his power and was a model for other European rulers.
Which Islamic empire embraced the polytheistic faith of Hinduism?
Safavid
The Safavids of Persia were generally defenders of this "division" or "sect" within Islam a. Devshirmists b. Effendi c. Shiism d. Sunni
Shiism
In the period of 1600 to 1850 in Japan, real power was held by the A. Guns B. suns C. shoguns D. shotguns
Shoguns
What valuable international commodity was brought to China in very large quantities in the period of 1500 to 1800, greatly distorting the Chinese economy? A. Gold B. Nutmeg C. Silver D. Sugar
Silver
What was the most valuable commodity exported from the Spanish colonies in the New World during the 1500s? A. Bananas B. Cotton C. Furs D. Silver
Silver
What effect did the end of the Atlantic slave trade have in Africa? a. People no longer needed states to protect them from slave raiders. b. Former victims of the slave trade began to gain strength and attack their neighbors. c. Expertise in slave trading did not prepare states for success in plantation agriculture. d. Slavery increased within Africa to provide labor for commercial crops such as palm oil and cloves.
Slavery increased within Africa to provide labor for commercial crops such as palm oil and cloves.
Which of the following accurately describes labor on Caribbean plantations? A. Slaves often dropped dead from exhaustion, working up to sixteen-hour days. B. Plantation managers, in order to have a healthy and productive workforce, provided their slaves with an adequate diet. C. Indentured Europeans and convicts provided the bulk of plantation labor. D. Family groups provided stability for Caribbean slave populations.
Slaves often dropped dead from exhaustion, working up to sixteen-hour days.
What type of significant artwork was produced by the skilled crafters of Benin? A. Detailed paintings of urban life and prostitutes B. Intricate silver jewelry C. Sophisticated bronze sculptures D. Enormous marble palaces and temples
Sophisticated bronze sculptures
Individuals proudly calling themselves "Creoles" were found in increasing numbers in A. China B. Japan C. North Africa D. South American and the Carribean
South American and the Carribean
What was the most valuable crop for European planters in the Americas in the seventeenth century? A. Corn B. Soybeans C. Sugar D. Wheat
Sugar
The Sultans of the Ottoman Empire were generally defenders of this "division" or "sect" within Islam. a. Devshirmists b. Effendi c. Shiism d. Sunni
Sunni
Columbus's first impression of these people in the Caribbean was that they were childlike primitives. A. Taino B. Teotihuacans C. Timbuktuers D. Toltecs
Taino
The Chinese leader Hong Xiuquan proclaimed allegiance to Christianity in the A. Caste War B. Mfecane Movement C. Self-Strengthening Movement D. Taiping Rebellion
Taiping Rebellion
In China in the period of 1400 to 1800, whose possession of the "Mandate of Heaven" served to keep the nation unified? A. the Dalai Lana of the Buddhist tradition B. The Tai-Cai Master of Daoism C. the Chief Ulama of the Islamic Schools D. The Chinese Emperor
The Chinese Emperor
Which of the following was included in 1842 Treaty of Nanjing which ended the first Opium War? a. The British lost the right to trade at any Chinese ports. b. The British agreed not to export more opium to China. c. The Chinese ceded the island of Hong Kong to the British. d. The Chinese acquired the right to tax the opium being imported.
The Chinese ceded the island of Hong Kong to the British.
Which of the European empires was allowed to trade Japan through the single open port city of Nagasaki? A. the Dutch B. the English C. the French D. The Spanish
The Dutch
How did the trade relationship between China and Europe change in the early nineteenth century? a. European rulers and upper classes lost their taste for jade, tableware, jewelry, paper, and ceramics. b. Westerners consumed less opium, so the Chinese were forced to borrow money from the Arabs c. The English began to export large amounts to tea to China d. European demand for Chinese silk declined significantly
The English began to export large amounts to tea to China
Which of the following statements is true about the Islamic world in the period between 1500 and 1780? a. The Islamic world reunified under a single political authority, the caliphate. b. The Islamic world began a program of overseas expansion. c. The Islamic world lost its ability to make beautiful textiles and other products for trade. d. The Islamic world developed three distinctive cultural traditions centered on the Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid Empires.
The Islamic world developed three distinctive cultural traditions centered on the Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid Empires.
The Hagia Sophia and the "Suleymaniye Mosque" were important landmarks in the capital city of which Early Modern Empire? A. Benin B. the Creole Empire C. the Ottoman Empire D. Tokugawa Japan
The Ottoman Empire
Which of the following is an important cultural achievement of the Safavids? a. The rulers of Safavid Persia created the Great Palace of Versailles b. The Safavids court system sponsored writers who created many important realistic novels c. The Safavid Empire provided a home for Shiite Islam and blended it with traditional Persian culture. d. The Safavid capital, Isfahan, was modeled after the Topkapi palace in Istanbul.
The Safavid Empire provided a home for Shiite Islam and blended it with traditional Persian culture.
Which of the following ws an important cultural achievement of the Safavids? a. The rulers of Safavid Persia created the Great Palace of Versailles b. The Safavids court system sponsored writers who created many important realistic novels c. The Safavid Empire provided a home for Shiite Islam and blended it with traditional Persian culture. d. The Safavid capital, Isfahan, was modeled after the Topkapi palace in Istanbul.
The Safavid Empire provided a home for Shiite Islam and blended it with traditional Persian culture.
Manila
The Spanish colony of Manila was established in 1571. This colony is significant because it opened up direct access to China which created a booming Pacific world.
Which group in the Ottoman Empire most resisted the printing press and Western Science? A. The devshirme B. The merchants C. The Sufis D. The ulama
The Sufis
Which of the following is often seen as the epitome of the blending of Persian, Islamic, and Indian traditions? A. The palace of Isfahan B. The empire's legal system C. The Taj Mahal D. The peacock throne
The Taj Mahal
Constantinople
The economic, cultural, and historic center of the Ottoman Empire. Located in modern-day Turkey. Capital of the Ottoman Empire until 1453.
Pan Islamism
The idea of uniting Muslims under one Islamic state; launched in Turkey at the end of the 19th century by Sultan Abdul-Hamid II as an effort to stop Westernization.
Which of the following is a valid comparison between the American and the Saint Domingue Revolutions? a. The American colonists wanted only economic freedom, but the people of Saint Domingue were guided by Enlightenment ideas. b. Both revolutions ended in the abolition of slavery and the establishment of representative rule. c. The leaders of the American Revolution were primarily owners of property, but the leaders of Saint Domingue were primarily slaves. d. Neither revolution was inspired by the Enlightenment.
The leaders of the American Revolution were primarily owners of property, but the leaders of Saint Domingue were primarily slaves.
In addition to theatre, what was the other important center of Japanese culture in the Tokugawa era? a. The creation of cartoons depicting incredible monsters, including the ape-like "Gahd-Zillow" b. The ritualist tea making ceremony c. Competitive poetry reading "slams" d. Sports competitions between rival teams of javelin-throwers
The ritualistic tea making ceremony
Sultan Mahmud II
The ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1805-1848; He aligned himself with influential Egyptian families, made significant reforms in education and agriculture, helped transform Egypt and make it the most powerful state in the eastern Mediterranean.
First World
The term originated during the Cold War in the 1950s. It originally referred to a country that was aligned with the United States and western nations and were in opposition to the Soviet Union. The term anchored in liberal capitalism.
Second World
The term originated during the Cold War in the 1950s. It originally referred to the Soviet Union and other communist nations.
Third World
The term originated during the Cold War in the 1950s. It refers to the postcolonial nations trying to forge on alternative "third way".
Mumtaz
The wife of emperor Shah Jahan; the inspiration for the Taj Mahal in India.
In early nineteenth-century industrial societies, why did migration to urban areas increase so rapidly? a. Cities offered more comfortable and modern housing. b. There was a growing demand for factory workers in the cities. c. Peasants wanted to avoid the rigid work discipline of the rural farms. d. Cities provided free public education to their residents.
There was a growing demand for factory workers in the cities.
Why did the Chinese devote a great deal of attention to astronomy and calendrical science? a. They wanted to decipher the mysteries of the universe and gain greater control over nature. b. They believed that the stability of the kingdom depended on the emperor's ability to calculate correct dates for festivals, court sessions, mourning periods, and agricultural work. c. They needed a clear understanding of the constellations and other celestial features in order to navigate the world's oceans. d. They believed that astronomy was the key to a universal and objective understanding of the natural world.
They believed that the stability of the kingdom depended on the emperor's ability to calculate correct dates for festivals, court sessions, mourning periods, and agricultural work.
Why were elite Iberian-Americans initially reluctant to embrace the idea of independence? a. They feared that it might generate revolts among slaves or Amerindians. b. They feared that cooperation among the various colonies of the Spanish empire would undermine their positions of wealth and power. c. They feared that without a strong monarchy, the Catholic Church would gain too much influence. d. They feared that independence would lead peninsulares to return to Europe.
They feared that it might generate revolts among slaves or Amerindians.
How did Asante kings use the wealth they acquired from trade? A. They sponsored feasts to allow themselves an opportunity to eat Christian missionaries. B. They led religious ceremonies, characterized by large-scale human sacrifices. C. They showed their wealth and power by displaying gold-covered furniture and weapons. D. They inspired the creation of epic poems about the divine origins of their ancestors.
They showed their wealth and power by displaying gold-covered furniture and weapons.
Which of the following statements best describes the Ottoman rulers' stance toward regional differences within their territory? A. They demanded strict conformity to the Shiite branch of Islam. B. They were flexible and tolerant. C. Their policies forced the Turkish language upon Arabs and Europeans. D. They terrorized Christians and refused to allow them to serve as soldiers or bureaucrats
They were flexible and tolerant.
Which of the following statements is true about the Janissaries of the Ottoman Empire? a. They were recruited only from Islamic communities, and reflected the Sultan's determination to wipe out all other religions in his empire b. They were educated in the Sultan's palace, and maintained steadfast loyalty to him c. They were educated in Italy, and then returned to the Ottoman Empire to serve as artists and painters d. They were African slaves purchased in East African slave markets and then shipped up the Indian ocean coastline
They were recruited only from Islamic communities, and reflected the Sultan's determination to wipe out all other religions in his empire.
Siberia
This region of Russia played a significant role in history in the 17th century during the Conquest of Siberia. This period brought vast territory and riches in fur to the people that came there. Furs were a main item of trade for the area. Along with this, people started migrating to Siberia to escape serfdom or because they were deported from their nation for rejecting religious reforms.
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, what was the average life expectancy of an African slave brought to the Caribbean? A.Three Years B.Eight Years C.Fifteen Years D.Thirty Years
Three Years
What, according to main way of thinking in the 1600s, was the purpose of colonies? A. To encourage international cooperation through free trade B. To enrich the states that had founded them C. To allow merchants to profit by diversifying their economic investments D. To act as laboratories in which new methods of state administration could be tested
To enrich the states that had founded them
Devshirme
Translates into "child levy" or "blood tax"; was a common practice of the Ottoman Turks which consisted of non-Muslim (mostly Christian) boys being taken by force to be converted to Islam and educated for a military profession of religious disciplines
True or False: Though Akbar held discussions with Jesuit missionaries, the Mughals generally considered Europeans to be barbarians and did not import their products.
True
Who led the Islamic reform movement in Nigeria? A. Usman dan Fodio B. Aksa Zulu C. Ab-al Wahhab D. Mfecane
Usman dan Fodio
Most of the enslaved peoples who were shipped across the Atlantic Ocean came from this region within Africa a. North b. South c. East d. West
West
Empress Ma
a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty; married to the Hongwu Emperor and acted as his political adviser and held great influence during his reign.
Henry the Navigator
a Portuguese Prince in the 15th century; known for the expeditions that he took down the coast of Africa which led to west and central coasts of Africa and islands in the north and south Atlantic soon becoming Portuguese ports. This era was the beginning of an empire.
Andrew Carnegie
a Scottish-American who was able to achieve extreme economic success despite his not-so great start. His success in the steel industry in the mid-1800s led American to substantial economic growth.
Which of the following characterized the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte in France? a. a respect for the authority of other European leaders b. an increase in popular democracy c. a centralized, efficient state d. a separate legal code for the French colonies and future conquests
a centralized, efficient state
Mao Zedong
a communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China in 1949. He led as the chairman until his death in 1976.
Algerian War of Independence
a conflict between France and Algerian independence movements from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria gaining its independence from France
Korean War
a conflict between North Korea (with the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with the United States and the United Nations) from 1950-1953.
Betty Friedan
an American feminist writer and activist in the mid-twentieth century. Her most famous work is The Feminine Mystique which is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism.
Scientific Method
introduced in Europe by Sir Francis Bacon in the late 15th/early 16th century during the Renaissance; changed the way that scientists think
Who benefited most from the revolutions against Spanish rule in the Americas? a. local military chieftains, who formed alliances with landowners b. Simón Bolívar, who went on to found the federation of "Gran Columbia" c. Andean tribes, who were now free from the domination of the peninsulares d. mestizos, who were able to take control of the new republics from the creole elites
local military chieftains, who formed alliances with landowners
What factor contributed most to Mexico's declaration of independence in 1821? a. calls for redistribution of wealth and property among Amerindians and the poor b. cooperation between creoles and peninsulares c. loss of faith in the Spanish king's ability to rule effectively d. cooperation between Mexican and South American elites
loss of faith in the Spanish king's ability to rule effectively
Calls for political revolution in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world relied on which of the following new ideas? a. nationalism and democracy b. absolutism and capitalism c. nationalism and mercantilism d. absolutism and socialism
nationalism and democracy
Who constituted "the people," according to political arrangements Americans made during the War of Independence? a. women over 30 years old b. former slaves who had a trade c. Amerindians who had fought with the colonists d. propertied white men
propertied white men
"Woman Question"
second half of the nineteenth century; female activists began to demand more rights as citizens; cross-border alliances made women's rights a global issue; despite these demands, very little progress was made
The Ottoman Rulers were known for their power, and for the large community of women who served for beauty, pleasure, and sexual services to the male elite. These community was known as a. the Abbey of Sulimaniye b. the Golden Temple of Cordoba c. the Harem of the Sultan d. the Seminary of the Straits
the Harem of the Sultan
Admiral Zheng He
the Ming naval commander from 1405 to 1433; he commanded the world's greatest armada, led seven naval expeditions, and established tributary relations with Southeast Asia, Indian Ocean ports, the Persian Gulf, and the east coast of Africa.
"Suleiman the Magnificent" was the dynamic and masterful ruler of a. China b. India c. the Ottoman Empire d. Spain
the Ottoman Empire
The KOPRULU Reforms were a major effort to improve the government and stability of A. the Asante B. Japan C. the Ottoman Empire D. Persia
the Ottoman Empire
The wealth generated by the expansion in trade in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries led to the emergence of which of the following social groups? a. the bourgeoisie c. the nobility of the robe b. the proletariat d. the yeomanry
the bourgeoisie
Negritude
the idea of Black identity and culture being different from but not inferior to European cultural forms. It originated in Paris in the 1930s when black writers joined together to assert their cultural identity.
What invention transformed sugar refining, pottery making, and textile making? a. the cotton gin c. the printing press b. the water frame d. the steam engine
the steam engine
Why did King Louis XVI summon the Estates-General into session in 1788? a. to improve the status of the French peasantry b. to levy new taxes in order to improve his credit c. to discuss new ways in which France could work against British interests d. to create a more egalitarian legal system in France
to levy new taxes in order to improve his credit