HSA Final Study QsWhich of the following is NOT an example of an exposure?

For just a paragraph-length summary of an article, you should read the:

abstract

Which of the following uses computers to simulate the actions and interactions of various individuals in a population?

Agent-based modeling

Which of the following is NOT criteria of a longitudinal cohort study?

An exposure is relatively uncommon but a source of exposed individuals is available.

You are conducting a clinical trial where some participants will be taking a placebo and others will receive the treatment. Which ethical principle(s) must you consider in balancing the likely benefits and risks of the study?

Beneficence and nonmaleficence

What type of statement provides protection of the identity of participants from being subject to court orders and other legal demands for information in a study?

Certificate of confidentiality

Which of the following is the process of correcting any typographical or other errors in data files?

Data cleaning

Which of the following is defined by your book as "the study of populations and population dynamics, such as birth and death rates"?

Demography

The type of study which can assess causality is:

Experimental

What study approach involves comparing outcomes between intervention and control groups?

Experimental study

High effectiveness is an indicator that an intervention is successful under ideal circumstances, such as in a controlled laboratory setting.

F

Most research studies require the use of complex statistics such as regression.

F

Participating in the design, conduct, and analysis of is sufficient to earn coauthorship on a study.

F

You are conducting a correlational study where the coefficient of determination is 0.99. This is an example of no correlation.

F

The creation of fake data, such as creating a fictitious row of data in a spreadsheet for people who never completed a questionnaire or never participated in an experiment is referred to as which of the following?

Fabrication

In what manner are authors generally listed on a manuscript?

In order according to contribution to the project

What statistical test could be used to compare the mean ages of cases and controls participating in a case-control study?

Independent samples t-test

Which of the following display cumulative survival rates in a study population?

Kaplan-Meier plots

Which of the following will assist the researcher in determining what is already known about the topic and what new information a new study could contribute?

Literature review

Your are examining the association between nutrition and dementia in elderly seniors using publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Which of the following would be required?

NOT Full review of the research proposal

What step is required before collecting new data?

NOT recruit participants

What type of question allows participants to explain their selections and qualify their responses?

Open-ended questions

The major disadvantage of what type of survey is the need for later data entry?

Paper surveys

What type of study revolves around collecting new data?

Primary study

If your research question is, "How do parents with special needs children cope with caregiver burnout?" the type of research you are conducting is probably:

Qualitative

You are conducting a study of the common cold spreading across college dorms. You are asking students who contracted a cold virus in the past two months to describe what they did that led to them acquiring a cold. Because you are relying on student memories of the past, you must be aware of the risk of:

Recall bias

Which of the following is NOT an example of an exposure?

Schizophrenia

Match the following study approaches with the level of analysis: Correlational Qualitative Meta-analysis

Secondary Primary Tertiary

Which of the following is defined as looking up every article cited by eligible articles in order to identify other articles that might be relevant but not indexed in the selected databases?

Snowballing

A confounder may make the association between an exposure variable and an outcome variable appear more or less significant than it truly is.

T

The decision to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis is based on the likelihood that the result of a test was due to chance.

T

When writing a research proposal, the researcher should clearly connect the research idea with the goals of the sponsor.

T

What is a major limitation when using already available data?

We are limited to exploring only the topics and questions included in the original survey.

comparative statistics, what type of error occurs when a test indicates a significant difference between two or more populations even though the null hypothesis is true?

Type 1 error

The population of individuals who are eligible to participate in the research project is called the:

study population

A good research project needs to be feasible, interesting, novel, ethical, and relevant.

t

What type of error occurs when a statistical test of data from the study population finds no significant result even though a significant difference or association actually exists in the source population?

type 2 error

For what type of variables is it not possible to create a histogram or boxplot?

Categorical variables

Why is it important to use a representative sample?

The results of the study need to be generalizable to a greater population.

Usually, what is the goal of any single research project?

To answer one well-defined question

To assess a study's generalizability, you might ask which of the following questions? (Select TWO)

To what other populations might the results apply? How well do these findings fit with existing knowledge about the topic?