HSC352 Chapter 5 & 6

6. In the western United States, the natural reservoir for plague A. House cats B. Dogs C. Ground squirrels D. Migratory birds E. All of the above

Ground squirrels

16. Hemochromatosis is associated with excessive buildup of: a. Iron b. Mercury c. Copper d. Manganese e. None of the above

Iron

7. In what sense is influenza a zoonotic disease? A. It has animal reservoirs, especially birds and swine. B. It is transmitted by "stealth" arthropods. C. It is transmitted frequently by contact with wool. D. The main reservoir is wild carnivores. E. None of the above.

It has animal reservoirs, especially birds and swine.

11. One of the differences between Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is that A. Lyme disease is transmitted by mosquitoes and RSMF by ticks. B. Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium and RSMF by a rickettsial agent. C. Lyme disease is caused by a rickettsial agent and RSMF by a bacterium. D. Lyme disease is transmitted by ticks and RSMF by fleas. E. None of the above.

Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium and RSMF by a rickettsial agent.

1. Minimata disease was associated with ingestion of seafoods tainted with: a. Lead b. Cadmium c. Mercury d. Arsenic e. None of the above

Mercury

18. Methylation is a process that involves which of the following metals? a. Iron b. Mercury c. Copper d. Manganese e. None of the above

Mercury

8. Bioaccumulation (biomagnification) of heavy metals is a particular hazard associated with: a. Iron b. Mercury c. Copper d. Manganese e. None of the above

Mercury

17. The most deadly form of malaria is caused by A. P. falciparum B. P. vivax C. P. ovale D. P. malariae E. None of the above

P. falciparum

5. Identify the correct fact about rabies: A. Human cases of rabies occur frequently in the United States. B. Post-exposure prophylaxis has prevented human rabies successfully. C. Outside the United States, the most common vector is Gambian rats. D. The disease has a low to medium fatality rate. E. All of the above.

Post-exposure prophylaxis has prevented human rabies successfully.

13. The causative agent for leishmaniasis is a type of A. Bacterium B. Virus C. Rickettsial agent D. Protozoa E. Prion

Protozoa

14. The causative agent for malaria is a type of A. Bacterium B. Virus C. Rickettsial agent D. Protozoa E. Prion

Protozoa

19. The term "hydrophobia" is also known as A. Rift Valley fever B. Tularemia C. Rabies D. Psittacosis E. None of the above

Rabies

23. Which of the following is not classified as an arboviral disease? A. St. Louis encephalitis B. Rabies C. Tick-borne viral encephalitis D. West Nile virus E. Japanese encephalitis

Rabies

11. The EPA standard for the amount of arsenic permitted in drinking water is: a. 50 μg per liter b. 30 μg per liter c. 10 μg per liter d. 20 μg per liter e. 40 μg per liter

10 per liter

12. Resurgence of malaria has been attributed to A. Discontinuance of DDT spraying B. Mosquitoes' development of resistance C. A and B D. Evidence of increased person-to-person transmission E. A, B, D

A and B

The vector for dengue fever is A. Phlebotomus flies B. Aedes Aegypti mosquito C. Anopheles mosquito D. Ixodes scapularis E. Peromyscus maniculatus

Aedes Aegypti mosquito

10. For fetuses, infants, and children, the hazards of heavy metals include: a. Impairment of physical and mental development b. Damage to internal organs c. Brain damage d. Some forms of cancer e. All of the above

All of the above

10. Methods for transmission of zoonotic pathogens include A. Contact with the skin B. Bite or scratch of an animal C. Direct inhalation D. Ingestion of contaminated foods E. All of the above

All of the above

14. Lead exposure can arise from: a. Lead paint used in homes b. Certain types of pottery c. Lead dusts brought home from work d. Tap water from soldered pipes e. All of the above

All of the above

2. Arborviral diseases A. Refer to arthropod-borne viral diseases B. Can produce central nervous system illness C. Are most often spread by mosquitoes D. May produce acute self-limited fevers E. All of the above

All of the above

3. Examples of disease vectors are A. Rats and mice B. Mosquitoes C. Ticks D. Sand flies E. All of the above

All of the above

4. Factors contributing to increases in the occurrence of emerging zoonoses include: A. Changes in agriculture B. Environmental changes C. Mass food processing technology D. Urbanization E. All of the above

All of the above

5. Substances on the National Priorities List (United States) have the following characteristics: a. They have known or suspected toxicity. b. They have potential for human exposure. c. They appear frequently in uncontrolled or abandoned waste sites. d. They are scheduled for possible remediation under Superfund. e. All of the above

All of the above

6. Possible methods for exposure to metals include: a. Inhalation of dusts b. Inhalation of metal fumes c. Skin contact with dusts d. Ingestion e. All of the above

All of the above

9. Methods for the control of mosquito-borne diseases include A. Monitoring the presence of viruses in sentinel chickens and birds B. Removing standing water around the home C. Use of mosquito-eating fish D. Wearing long clothing E. All of the above

All of the above

20. Aluminum has been studied as a factor that may be linked to: a. Melanosis of the skin b. Chronic renal disease c. Alzheimer's disease d. Low blood pressure e. None of the above

Alzheimer's disease

25. Which of the following statements about zoonotic diseases is most likely to be true? A. Immunocompromised persons may be at reduced risk for morbidity from zoonotic diseases. B. Children younger than 5 may be at reduced risk for morbidity from zoonotic diseases. C. An animal infected with a zoonotic agent may be free from symptoms. D. A zoonotic disease is always associated with transmission by a vector. E. None of the above

An animal infected with a zoonotic agent may be free from symptoms.

17. A disease that causes the conjunctiva to appear white is: a. Jaundice b. Asthma c. Anemia d. Itai-Itai e. None of the above

Anemia

1. An example of a zoonotic disease is A. Whooping cough B. Hand, foot, and mouth disease C. Schistosomiasis D. Measles E. Anthrax

Anthrax

3. Diffuse and spotted melanosis are associated with ingestion of: a. Lead b. Cadmium c. Mercury d. Arsenic e. None of the above

Arsenic

15. The definition of emerging zoonoses covers A. Only new and unknown agents B. Both new and previously known agents C. Appearance of agents in regions not usually affected D. B and C E. None of the above

B and C

16. The infectious agent for plague is a A. Bacterium B. Virus C. Rickettsial agent D. Parasite E. Prion

Bacterium

2. Itai-itai disease was a form of poisoning associated with ingestion of: a. Lead b. Cadmium c. Mercury d. Arsenic e. None of the above

Cadmium

12. Erin Brockovich was a successful advocate against groundwater pollution from: a. Mercury b. Chromium c. Lead d. Arsenic e. None of the above

Chromium

9. The symptoms of long-term exposure to lower levels of toxic metals include: a. Convulsions b. Vomiting and stomach pain c. Sudden onset of headaches d. Chronic illness effects e. All of the above

Chronic illness effects

15. Excessively low intake of copper may be associated with: a. Dietary deficiency b. Normal health c. Toxicity d. Lethality e. None of the above

Dietary deficiency

18. The term "abortive" hydrophobia refers to a case that A. Required an abortion in order to survive B. Recovered without receiving intensive care C. Was caused by Francisella tularensis D. Also experienced co-morbidity with monkeypox E. None of the above

Recovered without receiving intensive care

21. The vector for the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the southwestern United States is A. Wild birds B. Rodents C. Snakes D. Coyotes E. None of the above

Rodents

13. The type of fish that has not been identified as having potentially dangerous levels of mercury is: a. Shark b. Swordfish c. Canned albacore d. Salmon e. King mackerel

Salmon

4. Which of the following metals is not classified as a major toxic metal with multiple effects? a. Arsenic b. Beryllium c. Chromium d. Mercury e. Silver

Silver

22. Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease? A. Trichinellosis B. The "black death" C. Q-fever D. Measles E. None of the above

The "black death"

8. Leishmaniasis is endemic to A. The mid-west U.S. B. Perth, Australia C. The Rocky Mountains D. The Middle East E. None of the above

The Middle East

24. Which of the following statements about anthrax is untrue? A. The agent has potential for use as a terrorist weapon. B. The agent is a spore-forming bacterium. C. The inhalational form is untreatable. D. The general population is unlikely to become infected. E. None of the above.

The inhalational form is untreatable.

7. Which of the following statements about heavy metals is true? a. Their specific gravity exceeds that of water by five or more times b. None of them is necessary to sustain life. c. All of them are toxic even at trace levels. d. All of the above e. None of the above

Their specific gravity exceeds that of water by five or more times

19. One of the most frequent methods of exposure to beryllium is: a. Workers' inhalation of beryllium in the meat packing industry b. Via wounds in the skin c. Via direct skin contact d. Through ingestion e. Workers' inhalation of beryllium in metal processing industries

Workers' inhalation of beryllium in metal processing industries