HTH 245 Ch 13 (quiz 6)

It has been stated that control of lethal diseases was due to all of the following EXCEPT

Control: Urban improvements, public health, superior nutrition Doesn't control: curative medicine

In the 1880s the germ theory of disease linking sanitation to microbial disease was made by...

Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch

The novel by Upton Sinclair in 1906 tried to portray which sanitary health issue?

Meat Packing Industry

Provide the three methods of disinfection with one example

chemical- heavy metals such as mercury (mercurochrome, silver, sulfur, copper, alkalis, silver sulfadiazine, and acids) physical- heat (fumigation, radiation, filtration, pasteurization) biological (burial)

In the 19th century, London was plagued by outbreaks of

cholera

The second cause of child mortality after pneumonia is?

diarrheal diseases

What is the mechanism of activity of penicillin?

interference with cell wall synthesis

Which of the following may carry bacterial antibiotic resistance genes?

transposons, plasmids, chromosomes

Examples of antibiotic misuse and solution

1. patients not completing full dose of antibiotics 2. doctors prescribing antibiotics to patients with viral infections solution: doctors should be more confident in explaining to their patients why they do not need an antibiotic for a viral infection and also should educate their patients on why it's important to complete a does of antibiotics

The discovery of penicillin is credited to

Alexander Fleming

"Blank" is a mechanism by which genes are passed from one mature bacterial cell to another

Horizontal gene transfer

What is the significance of "horizontal gene transfer" in the spread of antibiotic resistance?

It proves that the misuse of antibiotics was not the cause of antibiotic resistance but this mechanism for these infectious agents was used in order to protect themselves from being destroyed which leads up to antibiotic resistance.

What country has the highest life expectancy in the world?

Monaco

Which of the following is an antiviral agent?

Tamiflu, Penicillin, streptomycin

The most common cause of single food product foodborne outbreak are associated with?

poultry

The most resistant type of microbes to disinfection is

prions

The Kampung Improvement Program focused on

sanitation and clean water

The recycled human waste is known as

sludge