HTML chapter 1

JavaScript

A programming language used with Web pages and HTML.

Web server

A server storing a Web page.

character entity reference

A short memorable name used in place of a numeric character reference.

namespace declaration

A statement in an XML document that indicates the default language used in the document.

Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)

A stricter version of HTML4 created using XML.

network

A structure that allows devices known as nodes or hosts to be linked together to share information and services.

internal style sheet

A style sheet built into a Web browser.

two sided tag

A tag that contains both an opening and closing tag, used to mark elements that contain text or another element.

opening tag

A tag that marks that beginning of a two-sided tag.

closing tag

A tag that marks the end of a two-sided tag.

one sided tag

A tag used with an empty element.

character encoding

A technique which associates each symbol from a character set with a numeric value.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

An organization of Web designers and programmers that creates a set of standards or specifications for all browser manufacturers to follow.

text based browser

A Web browser limited to text-only display.

ISO 8859_1 (Latin_1)

A character set character set that supports 255 characters and can be used by most languages that employ the Latin alphabet, including English, French, Spanish, and Italian.

American Standard Code for Information Exchange (ASCII)

A character set used for the alphabet of English characters.

client

A computer or other device that receives a service.

Standard Generalized Markup Language

A markup language introduced in 1980 to describe the structure and content of documents or any type of information that is readable by machines.

hypertext

A method of organization in which data sources are interconnected through a series of links or hyperlinks that users can activate to jump from one piece of information to another.

local area network (LAN)

A network confined to a small geographic area, such as within a building or department.

client server network

A network design in which several clients access information from one or more servers.

server

A network host that provides information or a service.

print server

A network host that provides printing service.

file server

A network host that provides storage space for saving and receiving files.

wide area network (WAN)

A network that covers a wider area, such as several buildings or cities, typically consisting of two or more local area networks.

host

Device on a network that can be used to share information and services.

node

Device on a network that can be used to share information and services.

grouping element

HTML element that contains content that is viewed as a distinct block within the Web page.

structural element

HTML element that defines the major sections of a Web page

text level element

HTML element used to mark content nested within a grouping element.

validator

Program that examines document code to ensure that it meets all the syntax requirements of the specified language.

quirks mode

Mode in which the browser renders the Web page in accordance with practices followed in the 1990's.

standards mode

Mode in which the browser renders the Web page in accordance with the most current HTML specifications.

doctype.

See Document Type Declaration

href

The attribute in the <a> tag that contains the reference or address of the linked document.

UTF 8

The commonly used character set on the Web stored as a compressed version of Unicode.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

The language of Web pages used to describe the structure of documents through markup tags and create interconnected structures using hyperlinks.

Internet

The largest WAN in existence incorporating an almost uncountable number of networks and hosts involving computers, mobile phones, PDAs, MP3 players, gaming systems, and television stations.

HTML5

The latest version of HTML, which supplanted XHTML 2 as the future Web document language.

XML vocabulary

Markup language developed using XML.

presentational attribute

An HTML attribute designed to indicate how a page element should be rendered by the browser.

presentational element

An HTML element designed to indicate how a page element should be rendered by the browser.

link element

An HTML element that links the document to an external style sheet file.

hgroup element

An HTML element used to group page headings

cite element

An HTML element used to mark a citation.

blockquote element

An HTML element used to mark a large section of quoted material.

li element

An HTML element used to mark a list item within an ordered or unordered list.

p element

An HTML element used to mark a paragraph.

address element

An HTML element used to mark address or contact information.

ol element

An HTML element used to mark an ordered list.

ul element

An HTML element used to mark an unordered list.

strong element

An HTML element used to mark strong or bold text.

img element

An HTML element used to mark the location of an inline image

tag

An HTML object used to mark different Web page elements.

aside element

An HTML structural element that marks extra or side content on the Web page.

header element

An HTML structural element that marks the introduction or header of the Web page.

footer element

An HTML structural element that marks the page footer; usually containing address and summary information.

section element

An HTML structural element used to mark a major section of the Web page.

article element

An HTML structural element used to mark articles or content about a specific area of interest.

comment tag

An HTML tag used to mark comments about the document.

empty element

An element that does not contain content.

title element

An element within the head element used to indicate the page title that will appear in the browser title bar.

Unicode

An extensive character set, supporting 65,536 symbols and used with many of the world's languages.

script

An external program linked to a Web page.

Web browser

A device or program that retrieves the page from its Web server and renders it on a computer or another device.

markup language

A language that describes the content and structure of a document by identifying, or tagging, different elements in the document.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

A language used to define styles for HTML page elements.

description list

A list containing a list of terms, each followed by its description.

unordered list

A list in which the items do not follow a sequential order.

ordered list

A list in which the items follow a sequential order.

Document Type Declaration (doctype)

Opening statement in an HTML document that indicates the type of markup language used in the document.

numeric character reference

The numeric value of a character symbol.

doctype switching

The process by which browsers use the presence or absence of a doctype to decide which mode they should use to render a document.

deprecation

The process by which obsolete features of HTML are phased out.

tagging

The process of marking elements within a document.

html element

The top element in an HTML document, containing all other elements.

syntax

The rules that govern how code should be entered

Internet service provider (ISP)

A company that provides Internet access and usually space on a Web server.

character set

A collection of characters and symbols representing every character that a browser is capable of rendering.

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

A compact offshoot of SGML, used to define new markup languages.

element

A distinct item within a Web page, such as a paragraph, the page heading, or even the entire body of the page itself.

Web page

A document on the World Wide Web.

style sheet

A document that describe how different Web page elements should be rendered.

nested

A element which is enclosed within another element.

attribute

A feature of an element that specifies the use, the behavior, and in some cases the appearance of the element.

Modernizr

A free, open-source, MIT-licensed JavaScript library of functions that provides support for many HTML5 elements and for the newest CSS styles.

div element

A generic HTML element used for marking page divisions.

World Wide Web

A graphical interface to the Internet using hypertext links as a mean to access interconnected documents and services.

Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG)

A group of Web designers and browser manufacturers formed with the mission to develop a rival version to XHTML 2.0, called HTML5.

inline element

A text-level element in which the content is placed in line or alongside other element content

XHTML 2.0

An aborted version of XHTML, created to provide robust support for multimedia, social networking, interactive Web forms, and other features needed by Web designers.

body element

Element in an HTML document containing all of the content that appears in the rendered Web page.

head element

Element in an HTML document containing general information about the document.

heading element

Element used for marking page headings.

white space

The blank spaces, tabs, and line breaks found within a text file.

type attribute (styles)

When used with the link attribute, it indicates the language of the linked style sheet.