html5 coding
document type declaration
A declaration of document or code type embedded within an HTML, XHTML, XML or SGML document; identifies the version and markup language used. Denoted by the <!DOCTYPE> declaration at the beginning of the document.
fixed-width font
A font in which every character, including the space character, has equal width. In proportional-width fonts, letters such as I and J have less width than M or B.
block-level elements
A markup element that affects at least an entire paragraph.
Unicode
A universal character set designed to support all written languages, as well as scholarly disciplines (e.g., mathematics).
<em>
For emphasis
<code>
For program code examples
<samp>
For program sample output
<strong>
For stronger, bolder text
<kbd>
For user keyboard text to be typed
<var>
For variable text in program code
<dfn>
For word definitions
<!DOCTYPE> declaration
The <!DOCTYPE declaration is the first tag in an HTML document. It informs the interpreter (usually a Web browser) what version of HTML the Web page is written in. Previous to HTML5, the <!DOCTYPE> declaration was an SGML statement and required a fairly complex declaration. In HTML5, however, the tag is written as only <!DOCTYPE html>. The declaration is not case-sensitive, but it is almost always written in uppercase letters by Web developers (it will be uppercase in this course).
<html> tag
The <html> tag is used as a container for the entire HTML document. It nests all code except for the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
<link> tag
The <link> tag references a style sheet and is recommended for HTML5. A style sheet usually has a .css file name extension and a file name similar to the page to which it is linked (e.g., aboutus.css for the HTML page named aboutus.html). Style sheets are often placed in a subdirectory for the Webpage. This subdirectory contains all images and associated files for the page. The <link> tag is placed within the <head> container tags.
<meta> tags
The <meta> tag can specify various information about the document, known as metadata. This metadata can include a document description, revision dates, and keywords to help search engines index the page. It also specifies the HTML5 character set used, which is usually UTF-8. The <meta> tag is placed within the <head> container tags.
character set
The group of symbols used to render text on a page.
<head> tag
The head section allows you to insert <meta> tags (which describe the nature of the document), links to style sheets, and the <title> tag.
<body> tag
This tag begins the body of the document and includes all the content of the Webpage, such as the text, video, hyperlinks and images. The <body> tag is placed after the <head> tag.
<title> tag
This tag identifies the document title. Most browsers will display the title in the browse's title bar. The <title> tag is placed within the <head> container tags.
Install multiple browsers
You will need to test your code in multiple environments.
List item
specifies list items in an ordered or unordered list. Uses the <li> element and requires a closing tag.
text-level elements
A markup element that affects single characters or words.
Obtain a text editor
Most operating systems have their own editors, so you do not need to download and install one. However, you may prefer to obtain a text editor that automatically numbers lines so you can easily reference your code. It is best to use a text editor that automatically saves standard ASCII text. Applications such as Microsoft Word can save to standard ASCII text only if you explicitly command them to do so. Common text editors include Notepad, WordPad, Vi, Pico and Emacs.
Set file preferences
The Windows operating systems do not always show file name extensions by default. You will be working with files with various extensions (e.g., .html, .css3, .txt), so you will need to be able to see them. You can set preferences in Windows 10 by selecting Start and searching for "File Explorer Options", then selecting the View tab. Deselect the Hide Extensions For Known File Types check box so that you can view all file name extensions.
content
When paired with the name attribute, the content attribute values can supply keywords, author name, page descriptions and so forth, as previously described. The content attribute essential in search engine optimization purposes.
Unordered list
a bulleted list. Uses the <ul> element and also requires a closing tag.
Ordered list
a numbered list. Uses the <ol> element and requires a closing tag.
manifest
an attribute used for offline browsing.
Lang
configures the page to use a particular language.
xmlns
f your content needs to conform to XHTML, then specify the XML namespace attribute The default entry is xmlns
A value
gives value to the element and its attribute.
http-equiv
provides an HTTP header for the information of the content attribute. Is useful when you do not have access to your server's configuration.
An element
provides the main instruction of the tag. An element is required in every tag. Elements include <body>, <p>, <h1>, <title>, <table> and many others.
An attribute
specifies a quality or describes a certain aspect of the element.
charset
specifies the character set used in HTML documents
Container tags
tags that come in pairs. Container tags use starting and ending tags.
Empty tags
tags that stand alone. Empty tags are those that do not directly format a specified block of text, and therefore one tag can execute the instruction.
name
values include keywords, description, robot,viewport and "author. "
