Human Bio Ch. 10, 11, 14, & 15 Exam

D) the unit by which energy in food is measured

A calorie is _______________ A) the last section of the small intestine B) a small projection in the lumen of the small intestine C) an enzyme used to break down fats D) the unit by which energy in food is measured E) a cofactor required by digestive enzymes in the pancreas

C) Kidney

A dialysis machine is essentially an artificial... A) Heart B) Lung C) Kidney D) Spleen E) Liver

B) anorexia nervosa

A disorder of the nervous system in which the individual eats and then deliberately vomits is A) bulimia B) anorexia nervosa C) overnutrition D) lactose intolerance E) diverticulosis

C) Increases urine production

A diuretic such as alcohol or caffeine A) Decreases urine production B) Increases pH C) Increases urine production D) Stimulates red blood cell production E) Has no effect on urine production

A) True

A student noticed that every time he smelled a certain perfume in the hallway, it reminded him of his first girlfriend. This is due largely to the activity of the limbic system. A) True B) False

B) large intestine

All of the following are accessory organs of the digestive tract EXCEPT the .... A) pancreas B) large intestine C) salivary glands D) gallbladder E) liver

D) A decrease in the pH of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood stream will cause... A) slow, shallow breathing. B) An increase in the pH of the blood. C) A decrease in the rate at which impulses are released from the respiratory center. D) A decrease in the pH of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. E) A simultaneous increase in the amount of oxygen in the body.

E

Arrange the following entries in the order in which air contacts them as air is drawn into the body. A. Trachea ; B. Bronchiole ; C. Pharynx ; D. Alveoli ; E. Larynx A) c, a, e, b, d B) b, d, a, c, e C) e, c, b, a, d D) c, a, e, d, b E) c, e, a, b, d

A) 1. renal corpuscle 5. proximal tubule 3. loop of henle 4. distal tubule 2. collecting duct

Arrange the parts of the nephron in the box below in order as fluid flows from the glomerulus through the nephron. 1. renal corpuscle 2. collecting duct 3. loop of henle 4. distal tubule 5. proximal tubule A) 1, 5, 3, 4, 2 B) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5 C) 2, 1, 4, 5, 3 D) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1 E) 5, 1, 3, 4, 2

A) liver, gall bladder

Bile is produced by the _______ and stored in the _______. A) liver, gall bladder B) small intestine, liver C) stomach, small intestine D) small intestine, gall bladder E) gall bladder, liver

E) smooth muscle contractions in the trachea

During a cough, what is responsible for constructing the size of the trachea? A) skeletal muscle contractions B) shape of the vocal chords C) cartilage D) muscles and the fairings and tongue E) smooth muscle contractions in the trachea

A) put the rib cage up and out, so that lung volume increases.

During inspiration, intercostal muscles function to..... A) put the rib cage up and out, so that lung volume increases. B) Separate the layers of pleural membranes. C) Increase bloodflow to lung tissue. D) Flatten the diaphragm. E) Constrict the lungs so that intrapulmonary pressure increases.

B) False

During periods of stress or increased activity, the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates. A) True B) False

B) epiglottis

During the ingestion of food or liquid, the ________ folds down to block the opening into the trachea. A) Bronchioles B) epiglottis C) pharynx D) larynx E) bronchi

E) Ca2+, neurotransmitter

During this process, influx of _____ cause(s) vesicles and the axon bowl to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing _______. A) mitochondrion, neurons B) neurotransmitters, Ca2+ C) neurons, mitochondrion D) vesicles, neurons E) Ca2+, neurotransmitter

B) stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons

Excitatory neurotransmitter's encourage the generation of new electrical impulses by .... A) stimulating saltatory conduction B) stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons C) inhibiting presynaptic neurons from depolarizing D) stimulating depolarization of presynaptic neurons E) inhibiting postsynaptic neurons from repolarizing

C) Lungs, liver, skin and kidney

Excretory organs include the ... A) lungs, pancreas, liver and skin B) Kidney, heart, lunch and skin C) Lungs, liver, skin and kidney D) Eyes, mouth, liver and brain E) Stomach, liver, skin and pancreas

E) All of the above

How is the nervous system able to respond to changes in the environment so quickly? A) It possesses many sensory neurons that are constantly evaluating the internal and external environment. B) It is able to generate an appropriate response to the sensory information received. C) It can integrate the information and interpret what the sensory information actually means. D) The nervous system operates at a very fast pace. E) All of the above

B) Alzheimer's disease

Insufficient production of acetylcholine in the synapses of the brain, abnormal tangled neurons, and large deposits of beta amyloid are problems associated with .... A) rabies B) Alzheimer's disease C) epilepsy D) Parkinson's disease E) meningitis

B) soluble bicarbonate ion

Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the Venous supply in what form? A) As free carbon dioxide gas B) soluble bicarbonate ion C) carbonic acid D) bound to hemoglobin E) as oxyhemoglobin

A) True

Motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system transmit impulses away from the central nervous system. A) True B) False

D) the hepatic portal system

Nutrient rich blood moves from the small intestine to the liver via A) arterial flow from GI tract to the liver B) lacteal vessels C) the pulmonary circuit D) the hepatic portal system E) the pancreatic duct

D) Air is warmed, humidified and filtered.

Physicians recommend that people breathe through their noses instead of their mouths. Which of the following best describes what occurs as air is drawn through the nose? A) carbon dioxide is removed from the air. B) Air is dried. C) Air is warmed. D) Air is warmed, humidified and filtered. E) Air is filtered.

C) Blood pressure

The amount or volume of water primarily affects which vital sign below? A) The body's pH B) Heart rate C) Blood pressure D) Respiratory rate E) Body temperature

E) cecum

The appendix dangles off the _______ and has no real function in humans. A) gall bladder B) liver C) small intestine D) stomach E) cecum

A) True

The condition known as acid reflux or "heartburn" occurs when the esophageal sphincter malfunctions, allowing stomach fluid into the esophagus. A) True B) False

A) nephron

The functional unit of the kidney which is responsible for forming the urine is the ... A) nephron B) glomerulus C) renal cortex D) sarcomere E) bladder

B) They destroy viruses and bacteria that invade the body.

The kidneys perform of all the following functions except one. Which function below is not the responsibility of the kidney? A) They secrete hormones that increase red blood cell production. B) They destroy viruses and bacteria that invade the body. C) They maintain water volume in the body. D) They secrete a hormone that conserves salts in the bloodstream. E) They help regulate pH.

B) Cortex....Medulla

The outer portion of the kidney is called the ______ and the inner portion is called the _____________. A) Bark....Root B) Cortex....Medulla C) Enamel....Dentin D) Lateral....Medial E) Medulla....Cortex

E) peristalsis

The process by which food is propelled through the digestive tract by alternating contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle is called ... A) elimination B) secretion C) chemical digestion D) absorption E) peristalsis

A) bolus (it's really chyme)

The watery mixture of partially digested food produced in the stomach is called A) bolus B) segmentation C) dentin D) the hepatic portal system E) the pancreatic duct

D) neurological cells

These cells within the central nervous system provide protection and physical support to neurons but do not conduct nerve impulses. A) Schwann cells B) found primarily in lymphatic fluids C) only located in the spinal fluid D) neurological cells E) are myenlinated

A) oxygen is the final electronic acceptor in the process of cellular respiration which results in the production of ATP required to energize cell functions.

Which of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive? A) oxygen is the final electronic acceptor in the process of cellular respiration which results in the production of ATP required to energize cell functions. B) oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide which is then used to drive to production of ADP. C) oxygen is used to drive the anaerobic breakdown of sugars for the production of ATP. D) Oxygen must be available to cells in order for them to make the sugars necessary to supply energy for cell functions. E) oxygen is an important source of energy for cells.

A) chemically gated channels for sodium open

Which of the following events associated with the transmission of an impulse across a synapse occurs last? A) chemically gated channels for sodium open B) neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft C) calcium diffuses into an axon bowl D) action potential arrives at an axon bowl E) neurotransmitter binds to receptors on post synaptic membrane

B) Erythropoeitin

Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing the production of red blood cells? A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) Erythropoeitin C) Growth hormone D) Oxytocin E) Aldosterone

A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing water retention when the body is dehydrated? A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) Erythropoeitin C) Growth hormone D) Oxytocin E) Aldosterone

E) Aldosterone

Which of the following hormones is responsible for sodium (salt) reabsorption by the collecting ducts? A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) Erythropoeitin C) Growth hormone D) Oxytocin E) Aldosterone

A) mucus is produced by cells located in the tongue.

Which of the following is NOT true of mucus produced in the nasal cavity? A) mucus is produced by cells located in the tongue. B) When the nostrils are exposed to low temperatures, mucus collects and the nasal passageways and sometimes drips from the nostrils. C) mucus traps dust and pathogens, removing them from the air entering the lungs. D) Mucus is moved toward the back of the throat by the cilia of the epithelial cells lining the nasal passage ways. E) If mucus is swallowed into the digestive tract, it is broken down by digestive enzymes.

E) The enzyme pepsin in gastric juice breaks down large carbohydrates into smaller carbohydrates.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding gastric juice? A) Chyme is composed of partially digested food and gastric juice. B) Most gastric juice is produced immediately after a meal. C) 1-2 liters of gastric juice is typically produced daily D) Acids in gastric juice break down proteins. E) The enzyme pepsin in gastric juice breaks down large carbohydrates into smaller carbohydrates.

D) Vitamin D

Which of the following is a vitamin that is activated into its functional form by the kidneys? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin B C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin D E) Vitamin E

E) All of the above

Which of the following is true regarding the affect of smoking on the respiratory system? A) The production of mucus increases in response to the presence of smoke. B) "Smoker's cough" results from the heavy coughing that is necessary to clear accumulated mucus/particles from the airway. C) Smoking destroy cilia lining the respiratory tract. D) Particles and debris from the smoke accumulate in the mucus of the air weight and increase risk for infections and cancer. E) All of the above

A) Urea

Which of the following results from the metabolism of proteins? A) Urea B) Carbon Dioxide C) Lactic acid D) hemoglobin E) Ethyl alcohol

B) Reabsorption

Which of the following terms or phrases best describes the process of actively transporting a nutrient molecule (such as sugar) out of the proximal tubule for the purpose of re-uptake into the bloodstream? A) Filtration B) Reabsorption C) Generation D) Secretion E) Osmosis

B) Gall bladder

__________ releases bile into the duodenum A) Liver B) Gall bladder C) Pancreas D) Mouth E) Esophagus AB) Stomach

E) Esophagus

__________ relies on peristalsis to move food to the stomach. A) Liver B) Gall bladder C) Pancreas D) Mouth E) Esophagus AB) Stomach

D) Mouth

___________ mechanical and chemical digestion begins here A) Liver B) Gall bladder C) Pancreas D) Mouth E) Esophagus AB) Stomach

D) Occipital lobe

___________ receives and interprets visual impulses. A) Parietal lobe B) Frontal lobe C) Temporal lobe D) Occipital lobe

B) Frontal lobe

____________ is responsible higher order reasoning, the initiation of motor output, and speech formation. A) Parietal lobe B) Frontal lobe C) Temporal lobe D) Occipital lobe

C) cerebrum

_____________ is the most highly developed part of the brain; the corpus callosum interconnects its two sides; associated with language and conscious thought. A) cerebellum B) Medulla oblongata C) cerebrum D) Brain stem