Human Biology Ch 9

The type of cells responsible for producing and releasing antibodies is

B lymphocytes.

Which of the following best explains why people get so many colds in their lifetime?

The viruses that cause colds evolve rapidly, which results in a change in their antigenic structure.

Which of the following is true regarding lymph nodes?

They filter lymph fluid.

Bacterial pathogens cause symptoms of a disease by invading host cells or by producing toxins that damage host cells.

True

Prions are infectious proteins that cause normal proteins in the brain to misfold.

True

When comparing viruses and bacteria, which of the following is correct?

Viruses and bacteria contain genetic material.

Any substance that produces an inappropriate response of the immune system is referred to as

an allergen

Vaccines contain

antigens of the pathogen.

Which of the following is characteristic of T lymphocytes but not B lymphocytes?

direct attack of antigen-bearing cells

Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?

rabies

The following is a list of steps involved in the process of phagocytosis. Which of the following answers puts these steps in the correct order? 1. lysosome fuses with vesicle containing a foreign cell 2. wastes from the foreign cell are removed 3. foreign cell is surrounded by the cell membrane of the phagocyte 4. lysosomal enzymes break down the foreign cell 5. foreign cell contained within a vesicle

Correct 3, 5, 1, 4, 2

Once a macrophage engulfs a bacterium, what is the fate of the foreign cell?

Correct The bacterium is killed by digestive enzymes released from lysosomes.

Anti-latent therapy is

Correct an approach to treat HIV that attempts to force dormant virus to become active so that it can be detected.

Why do some physicians advise patients with a bladder infection to drink a lot of cranberry juice?

Cranberry juice makes the urine more acidic, decreasing the rate at which microorganisms can grow and reproduce.

Tears and saliva contain the enzyme dermicidin, which is effective in preventing bacteria from entering the human body.

False

When considering transfusions or transplants, it is more difficult to match blood than to match tissue types because blood cells have more self-markers on their surface.

False

Which of the following antibodies would most likely be involved with the immune response against a microorganism entering the digestive or reproductive tract?

IgA

Which of the following classes of antibodies activates the inflammatory response by causing the release of histamine?

IgE

Antibodies are classified by size, location and function, and ________ represents the most common type of immunoglobin.

IgG

Which of the following is correct regarding the structure of an antibody?

Larger polypeptides making up an antibody are called heavy chains.

Which of the following types of T cells is a critical component of the immune system because it stimulates and enhances the activity of other components of the immune system?

T helper cell

In order to reduce the number of cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, many countries around the world are using improved detection methods as well as banning the incorporation of animal tissues in animal feed.

True

Which of the following is associated with the specific defenses of the body?

cell-mediated immunity.

The best way to reduce bacterial pathogens in the blood stream is to reduce a fever as quickly as possible.

false

Which of the following chemicals released by cytotoxic T cells is used to treat hepatitis C?

gamma interferon

Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks

its own connective tissue.

During cytotoxic T cell attack of a target cell, ________ is released to pierce the cell membrane of the foreign cell, which ultimately kills the target cell.

perforin

Which of the following body fluids does not transmit HIV from human to human?

saliva

Which of the following antiviral drugs is used to cure HIV/AIDS?

there is no cure for AIDS