Human Biology Final Exam

For instance, there are several isotopes of carbon. ₁₂C has 6 neutrons, while ₁₃C has ____________ neutrons and ₁₄C has ____________ .

7; 8

What are some descriptive elements of an Element?

92 occur naturally, arranged by atomic number into a periodic table, all have a atomic number, all have an atomic mass, and one of the basic building blocks of matter; can not be broken down by chemical means.

2nd Step of the Scientific Method: (look at chapter 1 homework)

A hypothesis is tested with observation and/or experiments.

What are some things that categorize as Science?

A systematic way of acquiring knowledge about the natural world and is a process that begins with an observation of natural phenomena and involves controlled experimentation.

3rd Level of Biological Organization:

Among multicellular organisms such as humans, groups of cells with similar functions make up tissues.

What are some scenarios of frozen water being less dense than liquid water?

Aquatic organisms are insulated by upper layers of ice during cold winters / The ocean does not freeze solid in the winter because

Order of the Evolutionary Tree of Living Things(look in chapter 1 for picture)

Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals

Chapter 2: What are some descriptive elements of an atom?

Can be split, the smallest unit to enter chemical reactions, smallest unit of matter that retains the physical properties of an element, each has a nucleus containing one or more protons and neutrons along with orbitals containing one or more electrons.

3rd Step of the Scientific Method: (look at chapter 1 homework)

Data, which results from experiments, either support or do not support the hypothesis.

4th Level of Biological Organization:

Groups of tissues combine to form organs, which work together to form organ systems, which function together to accomplish a common purpose.

5th Level of Biological Organization:

Humans and trees are examples of organisms, or collections of these organ systems.

Chapter 1: From the following, select only the general characteristics of life.

Maintain Homeostasis, Organized, Reproduce, Have an Evolutionary History, Acquire Materials, and Energy, Grow and Develop, and Respond to Stimuli.

What categorizes as a experimental group?

Manipulated in an experiment and receives identical treatment as other groups except for one variable.

What categorizes as a control group?

Not manipulated in an experiment, used as a foundational point for comparison, and might receive a placebo.

1st Step of the Scientific Method: (look at chapter 1 homework)

On the basis of one or more observations of natural phenomena, a testable explanation called a hypothesis is formed.

What are some scenarios of water molecules are cohesive and adhesive?

Plants absorb water from roots and transport it to the rest of the plant through narrow vessels / Blood fills the narrow tubular vessels within the cardiovascular system.

What are some things that categorize as Technology?

The application of scientific knowledge to the interest of humans and mostly based upon scientific investigations.

4th Step of the Scientific Method: (look at chapter 1 homework)

The data help scientists to form conclusions, some of which may encourage them to redesign their experiments or formulate a new hypothesis.

1st Level of Biological Organization:

The smallest units of an element are atoms; when they combine, they form molecules.

2nd Level of Biological Organization:

Various molecules group together to eventually form cells, or the basic units of all living things. Some organisms, such as bacteria, are unicellular, while others, such as humans, are multicellular.

Which pair of statements below is correct? a. An octet is formed via ionic bonding when one or more valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another. An octet is formed via covalent bonding when valence electrons are shared between atoms. b. An octet is formed via covalent bonding when one or more valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another. An octet is formed via ionic bonding when valence electrons are shared between atoms. c. An octet cannot be formed via covalent bonding. An octet is always formed via ionic bonding. d. An octet cannot be formed via ionic bonding. An octet is always formed via covalent bonding.

a. An octet is formed via ionic bonding when one or more valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another. An octet is formed via covalent bonding when valence electrons are shared between atoms.

Which of the following would form ionic bonds? a. Na and F b. H and F c. Na and Cl d. F and F

a. Na and F & c. Na and Cl

Isotopes share a(n) ____________ but differ in atomic mass because they have different numbers of neutrons.

atomic number

One issue facing science surrounds loss of ____________ , mainly in the form of ____________ , or the complete elimination of a species or larger group.

biodiversity; extinction

Humans and other organisms are an integral part of the ____________ , a living network that spans from the surface of the Earth into the atmosphere.

biosphere

Which statement correctly describes ionic bonds? a. An ionic bond only forms between two atoms of the same element. b. Ionic bonds usually form between electrically neutral, stable atoms. c. An ionic bond is the electrostatic force that holds ions together when they form bonds. d. All of the answer choices are true regarding ionic bonds.

c. An ionic bond is the electrostatic force that holds ions together when they form bonds.

Since there is always a possibility that the results of an experiment are due to ____________ or a variable not being measured, scientists employ statistics when reporting results.

chance

Tropical rain forests and ____________ ecosystems are two ecosystems that are particularly in danger.

coral reef

When observing relationships between a variable and a result, scientists must note that not all ____________ are truly causations.

correlations

A human's ____________ describes the products and activities that are passed on from one generation to the next outside of direct biological inheritance.

culture

As part of their ____________ , humans pass on their beliefs, values, and skills to the next generation.

culture

The ____________ of humans has led us to separate ourselves from the living world in many ways.

culture

Select all of the correct ways to complete this statement: When atoms combine to form compounds, they can ________ electrons. a. give up b. accept c. share d. create

d. create

For instance, microorganisms aid humans in breaking down, or ____________ wastes.

decomposing

Especially recently, a new challenge faces scientists in the form of ____________ such as avian flu, swine flu, or SARS.

emerging diseases

In this manner, natural selection is driving the process of ____________ .

evolution

Because we disconnect ourselves from the natural world, we often ____________ such things as land and water with little consideration for the ____________ we have on biodiversity.

exploit; impact

Within a population of fish, ____________ exists in the form of body color. Some fish are orange and some fish are red.

genetic variation

Human activities, which cycle a larger amount of carbon into the atmosphere than they remove, contribute to issues such as rising temperatures (called ____________ ) and other aspects of ____________ , which is significantly altering ecosystems.

global warming; climate change

Human exploitation of natural resources can ____________ this risk.

increase

Humans are the only organisms that have ____________ that allows the communication of information and experiences symbolically.

language

After several generations, one can expect the fish population to have a ____________ portion of orange individuals compared to red individuals.

larger

Fish produce ____________ offspring which ____________ the genes for body color.

many; inherit

Though we are a part of our living world, human beings ____________ this world greatly, sometimes to the Earth's ____________ .

modify; detriment

Because fish that are ____________ are more likely to blend in and resist predation, they are more likely to survive to reproduce.

orange

The fish population lives on an orange reef bed. Because of this, fish that are ____________ are able to blend in and resist predation.

orange

Unstable isotopes called ____________ are used in medicine and biology. They are used to make tracers, and radioactive labels, or to ____________ bacteria and viruses.

radioisotopes; kill

Scientific journals are more ____________ resources compared to magazines, websites, or books containing information from secondary resources.

reliable

Based upon what scientists read in journals, they may wish to ____________ research conducted by others, or further study an aspect of the previous work.

replicate

Scientific studies are published in scientific journals after they have been examined by experts and gone through a(n) ____________ process.

review

This living network provides many ____________ for human beings.

services

Results are accompanied by a probability (p) value, which is calculated using ____________ factors.

several

Other statistical analysis is also used for scientific data. For instance, ____________ is calculated to determine how uncertain a particular value is.

standard error

Low probability values accompany results which are ____________ .

statistically significant

Some of these skills include ____________ , including how to hunt in the wild or use computers.

tool use

Scientific journals ensure that they only publish research that is conducted properly by credible scientists. This research must be accurate and ____________ .

unbiased

What are some scenarios of water at a high heat of evaporation?

when we sweat it cools our bodies.