human geo test 3

Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is most accurate?

It is considered to be more environmentally sound than raising cattle.

Which of the following technologies has seen the lowest use in the U.S. so far for passenger vehicles?

hydrogen fuel cell

The three site factors in industry are _______.

land, labor, and capital

According to the primate city rule, the largest settlement has

more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement.

If you are considering purchasing fair trade products it is helpful to know that __________.

most fair trade sales are in food

Major sources of water pollution include all but

motor boats.

The largest percent of proven reserves of ______ are located in _______.

natural gas; Russia

The ________ sector is responsible for the majority of the GDP for most developed countries.

service

________ is the likely hearth for the domestication of the largest number of animals.

Southwest Asia

What is the rationale for the IMF and World Bank to provide loans to developing countries?

They will enable new infrastructure that will lead more domestic and foreign businesses to open and expand.

Which of the following do developing countries specialize in?

offshore financial services and back office functions

Canada possesses massive deposits of an unconventional resource called

oil sands.

Typically, a developed country will have the majority of workers in the __________ sector.

tertiary or services

he invention and rapid diffusion of more productive agricultural techniques is called ________, that involves introduction of ________ and the expanded use of ________.

the Green Revolution, higher-yield seeds, fertilizers

In order to understand farming in the contemporary United States, it is important to know that _________.

the United States had more farmland in 2000 than in 1900

Which of the following factors does the UN consider to be the most critical measure of the ability of an individual to gain access to knowledge needed for development?

years of schooling

India implemented a self-sufficiency model after they gained independence from the UK. In the 1990s they switched to an International trade model that resulting in

an improved competitiveness and quality of Indian products.

The process of legally adding land area to a city is called ________. Today, U.S. cities rarely annex peripheral land because the ________ prefer to be ________ of the central city.

annexation; residence; legally independent

according to Figures 12.7.4 and 12.7.5 scientist and professionals

are not distributed uniformly among cities.

food desert definition

area more than 1 mile from a grocery store or an area more than 1 mile from a public transportation that serves a grocery storye

Geographers apply ________ to create market area studies that assist service providers with opening and expanding their facilities.

central place theory

Which of the following actions is not helpful in reducing traffic congestion in urban areas?

constructing large multi-level parking structures in CBDs

Textiles are assembled into four main types of products. Which of the following is not one of the four major uses?

construction materials

A ________, characteristic of the contemporary North American rural landscape, is characterized by farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers in settlements.

dispersed rural settlement

The World Trade Organization (WTO) seeks to encourage trade through which of the following strategies?

enforce trade agreements

Concerns over visual blight are most commonly raised for ________ power.

wind

Permanent settlements existed prior to beginning of recorded history around ________ years ago.

5000

Which is not true about sustainable development?

Sustainable development does not consider economic factors.

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service is called

range.

The world's population of urban settlements exceeded that of rural settlements for the first time in human history in ________.

2008

More than ________ percent of all trips within U.S. cities are made by car.

95

Approximately ________ percent of Americans live in urbanized area

70

The share of U.S. sales accounted for by the Detroit 3 has declined from ________ percent in 1995 to ________ percent in 2010.

75, 45

Which of the following is true of the international trade approach to development?

A country can develop by concentrating scarce resources on expansion of its distinctive local industries.

If you were looking to locate your factory, which of the following states is likely to offer the cheapest labor?

Alabama

A principal practice of sustainable agriculture is

All but the use of pesticide-resistant seed are principal practices.

An important agricultural hearth is

All of these are important agricultural hearths.

Which group consumes one-fifth of the world's energy, while only making up one-twentieth of Earth's population?

Americans

Which statement about steel production in the United States is most accurate?

By the mid-twentieth century, more steel mills were located near the East and West Coasts.

Parts for the iPhone are made in the United States, Germany, Japan, South Korea, and other countries. Why is the iPhone assembled in China?

China currently has relatively low-wage workers.

Which statement about world steel production between 1980 and 2013 is most accurate?

China's steel industry grew rapidly during this time because of increasing demand by Chinese industries.

________ feature buildings clustered along a road or body of water to facilitate communications.

Clustered linear rural settlements

Which is not one of the eight UN Millennium Development Goals?

Equal access to consumer goods

Which of the following regions is considered to be part of the global core?

Europe

________ is trade that protects small businesses and workers.

Fair trade

_______ cities are most closely integrated into the global economic system because they are at the center of the flow of ________ and ________.

Global; information; capital

Which of the following statements regarding global or world cities is correct?

Headquarters of multinational companies are often located in these cities.

Which of the following statements about basic and nonbasic industries is most accurate?

If a settlement's basic businesses are growing, they will attract other basic businesses.

Which of the following is a major difference between U.S. and European CBDs?

In European CBDs, the most prominent structures are likely to be churches and former royal palaces.

Which of the following statements about market area analysis is most accurate?

It can help predict the profitability of a location.

How is the IHDI different from the HDI?

It accounts for the inequality within a country.

Why do foreign carmakers locate final assembly plants in the United States?

It is a bulk-gaining industry and North America accounts for 21 percent of annual motor vehicle sales.

Which of the following countries is the world's leading importer of food?

Japan

Which of the following regions has life expectancy that is comparable to developed regions?

Latin America

Which of the following statements is most characteristic of a central business district (CBD)?

Manufacturing once clustered in the CBD, but little remains.

If current urbanization trends continue, which of the following statements is most likely to be accurate in 10 years?

Many of the largest cities in the world will be in developing countries.

Which of the following terms is defined as an urbanized area with a population of at least 50,000, the county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties with high population densities and a large percentage of residents working in the central city's county?

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

Which of the following regions has the world's highest per capita income?

North America

Which of the following statements regarding regional differences in development is correct?

North America has the highest HDI overall.

In the United States, what 20th century trend is being somewhat reversed in the 21st century concerning Central Business Districts?

People are returning to live in the CBD.

Which of the following statements about the geography and history of the Industrial Revolution in North America is most accurate?

Pittsburgh was the leading steel-producing area in the region due to its proximity to Appalachian iron ore and coal.

Europe's largest port in terms of cargo volume is

Rotterdam.

What best explains the differences in the density gradients between 1930 and 1990 in the figure?

Suburbs grew rapidly in the second half of the 20th century along with construction of apartments and town-house projects in the periphery of the CBD.

Which of the following features is most characteristic of the self-sufficiency approach to development?

Tariffs are imposed on imported goods.

Which of the following statements comparing public transit with automobiles in U.S. cities is true?

The U.S. government encourages the use of private motor vehicles.

Which of the following is a competitive advantage enjoyed by manufacturing in Mexico?

The cost of shipping from Mexico to the United States is cheaper than from other developing countries.

Global fish consumption has risen sharply between 1960 and 2012. Which of the following is not true?

The developing countries are responsible for about 33% of this increase.

Which of the following statements about the Human Development Index (HDI) is most accurate?

The highest HDI possible is 1.0, or 100 percent.

The main criticism of each of the three models (i.e., concentric zone, sector, and multiple nuclei) is that ________.

There are many reasons that lead people to decide where to live that are not incorporated into any of the models

From earliest to most present, the correct order of largest urban settlements before 500 BC is

UR, Avaris, Nineveh.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between waste per capita and recycling in the United States?

Waste per capita has risen since 1960, but not as rapidly as the recycling rate.

Which statement best describes the CBD of a European city in terms of the availability of consumer services, the type of residences, and the other kinds of buildings found there?

Wealthier people cluster in a sector extending out from the CBD.

Which of the following statements best explains why the global distribution of the yarn-spinning industry is different from the distribution of the garment (e.g., women's blouses) assembly industry?

Yarn spinning is labor-intensive and therefore done mostly in low-wage countries such as China.

If you were engaged in subsistence agriculture, which of the following is most likely to be accurate?

You would consume much of what you grow.

Which of the following statements regarding "offshore" financial services is correct?

Your firm might qualify for tax-free status.

Air pollution is

a concentration of a trace substance at a level greater than occurs in average air.

An activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it is known as

a service.

If you visited the historic center of a Latin American colonial city, what features of the area would reflect the city planning requirements of the Laws of the Indies?

a gridiron street plan

In the United States many farms are integrated into a large food production industry. This is known as

agribusiness.

Which of the following modes of transportation are usually reserved for speedy delivery of small-bulk, high-value packages?

airplanes

The most common strategy for solid waste disposal in the U.S. is

burial in a sanitary landfill.

Which of the following is a pollutant at the local scale?

carbon monoxide

The different areas of the world where Mediterranean agriculture predominates have similar

climate.

Based on your knowledge of energy production, this map most likely displays

coal production.

Which of the following types of commercial agriculture is typically located close to urban areas in developed countries?

dairy farming

Which of the following inner-city challenges is most closely associated with a process known as "filtering"?

deteriorated housing

the figure Bulk-Gaining Industry: Beer provides data that is a good example of

geographer Alfred Weber's industrial location theory.

Hazardous waste is especially problematic because disposal

may pollute air or water resources.

A comparison of fish consumption trends in the developed and developing world reveals that _______.

fish consumption per capita in the developing world has steadily increased since 1960

Most sources of energy today are

fossil fuels.

This is the process by which middle-class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing.

gentrification

Commercial farmers in the United States _________

have increased yields, which often results in lower incomes

The term cottage industries was used to refer to

home-based manufacturing

Residents of developed countries rely on ________ as the leading source of protein.

meat

Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's people?

intensive subsistence

Because Wal-Mart relies on "just-in-time" delivery, the company ________.

is vulnerable to such disruptions as labor unrest, traffic, or natural disasters

If you were an advocate of hydraulic fracturing, you would argue that __________.

it can expand the supply of natural gas

The U.S. Department of Energy predicts that in 2040 the average American will use ________ energy as compared to today. This is primarily due to ________.

less; more energy-efficient appliances, homes, and vehicles, and migration to warmer areas

Before the Europeans established colonies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, most people there

lived in rural settlements.

China is the leading fabric producer because ________ offset(s) the expense of shipping inputs and transporting the products to faraway customers.

low labor cost

One of the features of the concentric zone model is that ________.

lower income, high-rise apartment buildings are most likely to be found in the zone of transitio

Cities in developing countries containing a complex mix of ethnic groups show evidence of which urban structure model?

multiple nuclei

In a so-called ________, a union and a company may not negotiate a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment.

open shop

All but which of the following are true of commercial agriculture compared to subsistence agriculture?

output consumed on the farm

In the United States, which two gender inequality measures rank poorly when compared with other countries?

percentage of teenagers who give birth and percentage of women holding seats in the national legislature

Atlanta is encircled by highway I-285. Which urban structure model would be the most appropriate to understand the relation of the highway to the urban area?

peripheral model

If a country were to adhere to a structural adjustment program (SAP), its main priority would likely be __________.

reduce government spending

Bulk-______ industries, such as copper mining and smelting, typically locate near _______.

reducing; inputs

Small settlements typically have consumer services that have _______.

small thresholds, ranges, and market areas

The power source with the lowest environmental impact is

solar

Since the United Nations began measuring HDI in 1980, which developing region has improved the least?

sub-Saharan Africa

Undernourishment is most severe in ________ where food production per capita has ________ in the past 50 years

sub-Saharan Africa, remained fairly constant

Undernourishment is most severe in

sub-Saharan Africa.

The costs of sprawl include all of the following EXCEPT _______.

the creation of edge cities

The disappearance of the Aral Sea is attributed to

the diversion of water for irrigation.

The main message from the figure is that

the gap between waste per capita and recycling rate has decreased over time.

Which of the following is an accurate description of the labor force participation rate?

the percent of women holding full-time jobs outside the home

One of the results from the formation of OPEC in 1960 was that

the prices of oil are set by governments and not petroleum companies.

The ________ is the minimum number of people needed to support the service.

threshold

The practice of corporations controlling all phases of production is called

vertical integration.

he most important distinction for dividing the world into agricultural regions is

whether the product is consumed on or off the farm.