Human Geography Unit 5 Chapter 12
Terrace
Built on high-slopes to farm on. Stair case like
Transhumance
Movement of herds between elevations seasonally.
What did Vladimir Koppen do?
Observe 5 climate types
What is Plantation Agriculture (subsistence/commercial) (extensive/intensive) (description)
Old-form of Intensive Commercial, distant from market.
Mixed crops and livestock farming: On-Farm vs Between-Farm
On farm: - Crops and livestock are on the same farm - Crops feed livestock and livestock manure fertilizes crops Between Farm: - One farm grows crops and the other raises livestock.
Sami People engage in
Reindeer herding despite being in a Tundra climate.
Land Surveying
Scientific Technique to determine a property's bounds and position
Metes and Bounds
Describes the practice of defining property with lines from a specific distance from a specific point. This originated in Britain and went to many of it's early colonies. -- This is a bad explanation, you can look up a better one if you don't understand.
What are the practices used in Mandalay Myanmar
Many Women plant rice by hand. This is intensive Subsistence.
What is Truck Farming?
Transporting crops from where they can grow to where they can't in refrigerated trucks
Places farther from the equator tend to have ____ growing seasons
shorter
According to the Bid-Rent Theory, someone who has a lower land value would probably
use Extensive Agriculture
According to the Bid-Rent Theory, someone who has a high land value would probably
use Intensive Agriculture,
Describe Humid Temperate climates
- Colder Winters - Year round precipitation
Climate varies off of 4 different variables
- Distance from Equator - Wind/ocean currents - Proximity to large bodies of water - Topography
What are the four factors that influence agriculture
- Elevation - Climate - Soil - Topography
What are the effects of being close to a large body of water.
- Milder Climates - More Precipitation
Mediterranean Climates
- Milder, more wet winters - Hot and dry summers - Good for agricultures Mediterranean climates are Subtropical or Temperate
What are 3 qualities of Temperate Climates
- Moderate temperatures and precipitation - Long summers and short winters - Lots of Grain, type of Grain depends on type of Temperate
What are 2 properties of Intensive Commercial and where is it most commonly done
- Use heavy instruments and chemical fertilizers - Can be far or close to market. it's commonly done in core countries.
Describe Ice Cap
- Rarely above freezing - farming is near impossible
Describe Tundra Climates
- Short + Mild Summer - too cold for farming
What are 2 qualities of Tropic Climates
- Warmer Temperatures - Varying Rain
each increase in 1000 feet elevation leads to a _____ drop in temperature
3.6 F
Topography definition
An area's land features, this includes the slope of the area
What are climate regions
Areas with similar climate patterns
What factors go into a society's agriculture practices?
Climate, Quality of Land, Labor Supply, Global Markets, and Societal Needs.
What is another name for Nucleated Settlements
Clustered Settlements
What does CAFO stand for
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
Bid-Rent Theory
Connects distance from a Central Business District to the price of land and the agricultural practices in that area.
What crops are commonly farmed with Monocropping
Corn, Soybeans, Wheat, Cotton.
Application of Bid-Rent theory
Dairy and produce, concerned with freshness, will pay more for competitive land closer to the market. Grain and Cereal Crops won't spoil and can be transported more easily and therefore will pay less for land farther from the market.
Cyclone Idai
Damaged crops throughout Africa leading to widespread hunger
What did Derwent S Whittlesey
Developed map showing distribution of global agricultural practices.
What terrain usually produces dispersed settlements.
Difficult terrain with little water. People in dispersed settlements lack social interaction and access to institutions.
Why Tropics aren't always Ideal
Either not enough rain in dry seasons or too much rain in wet seasons creating rainforests which suck up all the nutrients form the soil.
What is Shifting Cultivation (subsistence/commercial) (extensive/intensive) (description)
Extensive Subsistence where crops or animals grow then move.
What does a large map show for agricultural practices
Global distribution of Agriculture today.
Mediterranean Agriculture consists of
Growing Hardy trees (olive, fruit, nut), and shrubs (grapes and vines), and raising sheep and goat.
Describe Tropical Monsoon
Heavy rain in summer, dry winters.
Khovsgol
In Northern Mongolia, mix of Tundra and Taiga. People here herd reindeer
Are CAFOs Intensive or Extensive
Intensive
Wet Rice is (intensive or extensive)
Intensive
Market Gardening (extensive/intensive) (what causes Market Gardening)
Intensive, driven by the perishability of served food and demand for fresh food. Market gardening is also often higher-tech.
As distance from the equator rises
Length of daylight and average temperature both go down.
Biggest example of extensive commercial agriculture
Livestock ranching.
Central Business District
Majority of Consumer services are located in the center of the city
What is Intensive Agriculture
Maximizes the growth per land using high inputs of labor. I like to think tall, like a skyscraper
What would normally be the reference point for Metes and Bounds
Natural features
is the Tropic of Cancer North or South
North
What is Extensive agriculture
Primarily defined by the minimal use of labor and capital. Often uses a large amount of land. typically in peripheral - semi-peripheral countries. I like to think of this as wide, like a suburban area.
What are 2 pros and 2 cons of Monocropping.
Pros : - Efficiency (uniform inputs and outputs) - Climate is specifically suited Cons: - Soil exhaustion (lack of diverse nutrients) - Allows pests and diseases to thrive. (If a pest or disease could only effect one crop it can effect all of them)
What are Nucleated Settlements / Clustered Settlements
Residents live in a settlement with close farmland surrounding the settlement. This can lead to social friction and limited land, as generations split land and the land becomes smaller and smaller.
What does a small map show for agricultural practices
Role of land topography
What is Monocropping
Rotation of 1-2 crops seasonally,
Why is knowing crop Hearths difficult
Seed fossils are different from current seeds and tiny.
What are linear settlements
Settlements that form around a land feature of transportation. Fields extend away from residents IMPORTANT NOTE: "linear settlement" does not necessarily imply that the settlement must form a straight line or follow a particular geometric shape.
What is the definition of Foragers
Small nomadic groups who had plant diets and ate small animals
Township and Range System
Sold land by 6x6 mile or half, or quarter of those. This was used by the US toward the end of Westward expansion,
is the Tropic of Capricorn North or South
South
What is Monoculture
System of raising one animal or crop. The specific animal or crop was largely dependent on market prices. This maximizes efficiency for a few reasons.
What are tropics
The equator and the regions North and South of it. Normally deserts.
Do people who do Subsistence farming sell crops?
They might but it's not often.
Slash and burn vs Shifting Cultivation
They're fairly similar but have some key differences: - Slash and burn necessarily uses fire. - Shifting Cultivation stays on the land for longer before moving - Generally Slash and burn is worse for the environment.
what are the 5 climate types?
Tropical, Dry, Temperate, Continental, Polar.
What are the crops that are produced on plantations?
Typically cashcrops like cotton, tobacco, coffee. But also Tea, sugar, bananas, palm oil, and rubber.
What did George Steinmatz do.
Used a paraglider to take photos, he prefers lower altitudes.
What is Slash and Burn agriculture
Used in Columbia, Brazil, and Papua New Guinea. It is a traditional and unsustainable method that contributes to air pollution, habitat loss, Global Warming, degraded land and erosion.
What is Crop Rotation
Varying of crops allow for restoration and variety of nutrients
Describe Wet/Dry Tropical
Wet has lots of rain dry doesn't
What causes Extensive subsistence
When Intensive cannot occur due to environmental limitations.
