Human Movement DeWitt Final
Biomechanics is the study of mechanics relates to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems.
True
The patella serves as a pulley by improving the angle of pull with the result being greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension.
True
Which of the following muscles performs flexion of the thumb?
Flexor pollicis longus
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the wrist and hand joints?
Forms 16 phalanges
Powerful extension of the thigh is secured to standing from a squatting position, especially with weighted barbells places on the shoulders with this muscle.
Gluteus maximus
The muscles exercised effectively in running, hopping, and skipping, in which weight is transferred forcefully from one foot to the other are the:
Gluteus minimus and medius
Most notably in the hip, the... is the point of insertion for all of the gluteal muscles five of the six deep external rotators.
Greater trochanter
The inability for female athletes to correctly attenuate high jump landing impact forces through muscle contraction has been linked to:
Incorrect landing, insufficient strength, lack of balance, and poor ankle stability.
The most promising training components seem to be teaching fundamental exercise techniques and...
Landing principles with the appropriate feedback, increasing muscular strength with particular emphasis on the muscle of the posterior chain, improving balance and ability focusing on the ankle and hip joint, and heightening neural drive and neuromuscular control through plyometric-type exercises.
Newton's Law of Inertia.
A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in straight line unless acted on by a force.
The elbow joint is a hinge-type joint that allows for internal and external rotation.
False
The muscle in the arm has an action of extension of the wrist, abduction of the wrist, and weak flexion of the elbow.
Flexor carpi ulnaris
This muscle is responsible for flexing the thumb.
Flexor pollicis longus
Muscles are usually named due to all of the following except?
Nerves
The central line of pull the quadriceps have on the patella is known as the:
Q angle
Ipsilateral
Same side
The... muscles of the gluteal region function primarily to... and... the hip.
10, extend, rotate
How many bones are located in the wrist and hand; including the radius and ulna?
29
Which of the following is the Law of Acceleration?
A change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that causes it.
Which of the following is not true regarding concentric muscle contractions?
A muscle develops tension as it shortens.
Which of the following muscles does not perform wrist extension?
Abductor pollicis longus
Which of the following muscles performs abduction of the thumb?
Abductor pollicis longus
Which of the following is affected by the shape and size of a muscle?
Ability of a muscle to produce force.
Which of the types of muscle contractions is usually utilized in causing an object's deceleration?
Eccentric
The central, fleshy portion of the muscle is known as the:
Gaster
Which of the following types of machines is most common in the musculoskeletal system arrangements of the body?
Levers
The most common bone in the wrist to die due to avascular necrosis is the:
Navicular bone
Contralateral
Opposite side
This bone is often misdiagnosed as a wrist sprain but is actually fractured.
Scaphoid
When the hamstrings contact eccentrically and the quads contract concentrically, it is know as:
Stabilizers
Which of the following is not among the general factors that positively affect the achievement of balance?
The center of gravity falls outside the base of support.
The insertion of the triceps brachii muscle is the olecranon process of the ulna.
True
The interphalangeal joints may be actively flexed to a greater degree with the wrist in slight extension as opposed to full flexion.
True
The knee joint is the largest joint in the body.
True
The shape of bones limit movement.
True
The muscle responsible for the last 10-15 degrees of full knee extension is the:
VMO
The upper two fifths of the pubic bone is the:
ilium
The pelvic bone is made up of three bones. They are the:
ilium, ischium, and pubis
The... menisci is "O" shaped and the... menisci is "C" shaped.
lateral, medial
The ligaments of the elbow include all of the following except:
Interosseus
Each muscle in the human body may be innervated by a single nerve or multiple nerves.
True
Ulnar flexion is movement of the little finger side of the hand toward medial aspect or ulnar side of the forearm.
True
When performing a pushup, the biceps brachii is considered to be an antagonist muscle.
True
The most commonly injured ligament in the elbow due to throwing is the:
Ulnar collateral ligament
The point at which all of the body's mass and weight is equally balanced or equally distributed in all directions is the:
Center of gravity
All of the following are true in regard to spinal nerves EXCEPT:
Cervical nerves
What factors enhance stability?
Moving the body's center of gravity closer to the center of the base of support and lowering the body's center of gravity within the base of support.
Actions of the biceps brachii include all of the following expect:
Pronation of the forearm
Is it true that the medial condyle of the knee is "bigger" than the lateral condyle.
True
The conscious awareness of the position and movement of the body in space is kinesthesis.
True
There are 11 muscles that are considered to be "intrinsic" to the hand.
False
Flexibility refers to:
Range of motion around a joint.
In certain places throughout the body, such as around joints like the wrist and ankle, fascial tissue forms a (blank) to retain tendons close to the body.
Retinaculum
Which if the following does not contribute to the relative stability of the acetabular femoral joint?
Rich nervous innervation
Difference between lifting a minimal vs. maximal resistance is:
The number of muscle fibers recruited.
"Carpal Tunnel Syndrome" is swelling and inflammation from increase pressure in carpal tunnel that results in decreased function of the median nerve.
True
All or None Principle- regardless of number, individual muscle fibers within a given motor unit will either fire and contract maximally or not at all.
True
Cervical nerves 5-8 and thoracic nerve 1 from the brachial plexus and supplies motor and sensory function to the upper extremity and most of the scapula.
True
It can be said that the inner 1/3 of the meniscus in the knee is avascular.
True
It can be said that the wrist flexor muscles originate at the medial epicondyle.
True
It is important to note that the iliopsoas muscle may be exercised by placing the arms on a dip bar or parallel bars then flexing the hips to lift the legs. This should be first started with the knees flexed; them progress to the knees fully extended.
True
Longitudinal bine growth continues as long as epiphyseal plates are open.
True
Most outer bone is composed of cortical bone with cancellous bone underneath.
True
Motion of the elbow primarily involves movement between articular surfaces of the humerus and ulna.
True
Motions of the finger metacarpophalangeal joints include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
True
Motions of the wrist joint include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
True
Normal bony limitation of elbow flexion is limited by the coranoid process fitting into the coranoid fossa.
True
Positioning the forearm in pronation reduces the effectiveness of the biceps brachialis in flexing the elbow.
True
Similar to the shoulder, the hip joint also has a labrum.
True
Structurally, the distal attachment or the part that attaches farthest from the midline or center of the body is known as the insertion.
True
The distal attachments of the radioulnar joint muscles are located on the radius.
True
The femoral head inserts into the acetabulum to form the acetabular femoral joint.
True
The iliopsoas muscle is commonly referred to as if it were one muscle, but it is actually composed of the iliacus and the psoas major muscles.
True
The insertion of the biceps brachii muscle is the radial tuberosity.
True
The lateral fibula serves as the attachment for knee joint structures but does not articulate with the femur or patella.
True
The patella tendon is actually a ligament because it attaches the inferior pole of the patella to the tibial tuberosity.
True
The radial collateral ligament provides lateral stability to the elbow and is rarely injured.
True
The term "innervation" is used to describe a segment of nervous system and is defined as being responsible for providing a stimulus to muscle fibers within a specific muscle or portion of a muscle.
True
The thumb has only two joints while all the other fingers have three.
True
The tibia bears the majority of the weight as compares to the fibula.
True
The tibial tuberosity serves as the insertion point for all of the quadricep muscles.
True
The ulna is much larger proximally than the radius.
True
There are approximately 552 muscles in the human body.
True
There are two major types of fiber arrangements which are parallel and pennate.
True
When the arm is held in the anatomical position the radial tuberosity is in close proximity to lateral side of the ulna.
True
Bilateral
Both sides
The muscles of the wrist and hand are all innervated from the radial, median and ulnar nerves of the:
Brachial Plexus
The order from proximal to distal is:
DIP,MCP,PIP
Which of the following muscles performs adduction of the wrist?
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Which of the following muscles performs extension of the index finger?
Extensor indicis
Antagonist muscles are known as primary or prime movers or muscles most involved in a joint action.
False
Dermatome= muscle or group of muscles supplied by a specific spinal nerve.
False
Each finger has three interphalangeal joints while the thumb has only two.
False
Eccentric muscle "actions" result from isometric muscle contractions.
False
Hitting the funny bone is actually a contusion of the humeral nerve.
False
Isometric contractions are eccentric or concentric.
False
It is the gracilis muscle that is important in helping direct the leg forward so that the foot is placed straight forward in walking and running.
False
Lateral epicondylitis is a condition that occurs less commonly than medial epicondylitis.
False
Levers rotate about an axis of rotation as a result of a force being applied to cause movement in the same direction as the resistance.
False
Movement at the elbow by the forearm away from the shoulder accurately described by the term "flexion".
False
Radial flexion is movement of thumb side of hand toward medial aspect or radial side of forearm.
False
The femoral condyles articulate with the fibular condyles during flexion of the knee.
False
Medial epicondylitis is also known as golfer's elbow.
True
Muscles provide all of the following except?
Protection
The hamstring muscle that is attached to the medial meniscus and the MCL is the biceps femoris.
False
The insertion of the brachialis muscle is the coracoid process of the ulna.
False
The olecranon process is located on the medial aspect of the ulna.
False
The scapula is an example of an irregular bone.
False
The shape and arrangement of muscle fibers affect the muscle's ability to relax.
False
While in the anatomical position the radius is medial with respect to the ulna.
False
What ligament holds the radial head in place?
Annular joint
Which of the following muscles does not act in flexion of the elbow?
Pronator quadratus
Subconscious mechanism by which body is able to regulate posture and movement by responding stimuli originating in proprioceptors of the joints, tendons, muscles, and inner ear is known as:
Proprioception
Which of the following statements are true regarding isometric muscle actions?
Tension is developed within a muscle, but joint angles remain constant.
Muscle spindles:
Sensitive to stretch and rate of stretch, insert into connective tissue within muscle and run parallel with muscle fibers, and concentrated primarily in muscle belly between fibers.
Movement of the thumb across the palmar aspect to oppose any or all of the phalanges is called:
Supination
