Human Nutrition Ch 4

Which of the following organs helps maintain the body's acid-base balance by removing excess hydrogen ions? Kidneys Brain Heart Spleen

Kidneys

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestines? Cystic fibrosis Crohn's disease Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Peptic ulcer

Crohn's disease

A healthy person has vast numbers of different kinds of bacteria living in his or her stomach. True False

False

Electrons are small, positively charged particles that surround the nucleus of a cell. True False

False

The edges of the tongue do not have any taste buds. True False

False

Human cells contain organelles, including ribosomes and mitochondria. True False

True

People who have Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis have increased risk of _______ cancer. colorectal esophageal liver pancreatic

colorectal

Bella is an omnivore, because she can ________. digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of foods synthesize protease, urease, and DNA polymerase absorb 100% of the nutrients she eats. only eat plant foods

digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of foods

Chyme moves from the stomach into the ________. ileum colon duodenum jejunum

duodenum

Iron, calcium, and carbon are ________. compounds elements solvents bases

elements

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has ________. colitis aneurysms constipation gallstones

gallstones

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta ________. has trouble swallowing digests food too rapidly cannot tolerate eating cold foods develops numerous stomach ulcers

has trouble swallowing

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing ________. cystic fibrosis peptic ulcers irritable bowel syndrome chronic constipation

peptic ulcers

Small amounts of food move through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called ________. segmentation gluconeogenesis lipolysis peristalsis

peristalsis

In chemistry class, Karl combines hydrochloric acid with a base called sodium hydroxide. This chemical reaction results in the formation of a ________. proton buffer salt tissue

salt

The bladder and kidneys are organs of the ________ system. urinary cardiovascular endocrine integumentary

urinary

Rose has an autoimmune disease that destroyed her salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Rose probably ________. has difficulty eliminating feces during bowel movements digests foods too quickly uses a lot of spices and sauces to season her foods must eat refined functional foods

uses a lot of spices and sauces to season her foods

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota? Biotin Iron Zinc Cholesterol

Biotin

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota? Biotin Sodium Potassium Bile

Biotin

Which of the following substances is (are) secreted by the human stomach? Gastric juice Chyme Bile salts Saliva

Gastric juice

Which of the following statements is true? Matter is comprisedof atoms. Protons are negatively charged particles that are in a cell's nucleus. Electrons are positively charged particles. Acids are substances that gain hydrogen ions, when they are dissolved in water.

Matter is comprisedof atoms.

The process of digestion in the human intestinal tract involves decomposition reactions. True False

True

A substance has a pH that is higher than the pH of tomatoes and lower than the pH of blood. Based on this information, the substance is ________. egg white black coffee lemon juice milk of magnesia

black coffee

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into ________. the lumen lacteals chylomicrons the hepatic portal vein

chylomicrons

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin. Based on this information, she ________. has difficulty digesting food is heavier than average for her height is taller than most children who are her age absorbs higher than normal amounts of micronutrients

has difficulty digesting food

Libby was born without salivary glands. As a result of this condition, she ________. has trouble tasting food digests food too rapidly cannot tolerate eating cold foods develops numerous stomach ulcers

has trouble tasting food

Certain organs and tissues use ________ to send messages to target cells. enzymes hormones bonds lacteals

hormones

The ________ is the third segment of the small intestine. colon ileum jejunum duodenum

ileum

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion? Liver Pituitary Pancreas Gallbladder

Pancreas

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he ________. have a bottle of beer with his dinner increase his intake of solid fats avoid overeating during meals take a multivitamin/multimineral pill before meals

avoid overeating during meals

A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of household ammonia. Based on this information, the liquid is a ________. fluid ounce of black coffee baking soda solution cup of lemon juice tablespoon of fat-free milk

baking soda solution

The ________ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them. digestibility bioavailability essentiality homeostasis

bioavailability

The back (rear) portion of your tongue is very sensitive to foods that taste ________. cold sweet bitter meaty

bitter

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter ________. special cells lining the hepatic portal vein lacteals within the villi the lower esophageal sphincter chyme

lacteals within the villi

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this information, his ________. ability to digest proteins is reduced intestinal tract does not absorb much fat lumen does not allow chyme to enter the small intestine hepatic portal vein can rupture

intestinal tract does not absorb much fat

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea? Tongue Voice box Pharynx Epiglottis

Epiglottis

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? Liver Spleen Pancreas

Spleen

The ________ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism. cell atom mitochondrion organelle

cell

Feces form in the ________. lower stomach lower esophageal sphincter large intestine pyloric valve

large intestine

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and ________. learning ways to manage stress effectively moving to a drier climate having the lower third of the colon removed reducing physical activity

learning ways to manage stress effectively

The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ________ system. integumentary cardiovascular nervous endocrine

nervous

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should ________. not worry, because she is not constipated take a gentle laxative so she has at least one bowel movement daily increase her intake of high-fiber foods and fiber wafers to relieve her chronic constipation consult her physician to determine why she is constipated

not worry, because she is not constipated

To make hot tea, Sonya adds boiling water to a cup that has a teabag in it. She waits about 5 minutes for the tea to steep, then removes the teabag. Before drinking the tea, she adds a teaspoon of sugar to the hot beverage. When added to the tea, the sugar is a ________. diffusion solute buffer solvent

solute

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions? Breakdown of large food molecules within the lumen of the small intestine Addition of calcium and phosphorus to the thigh bone of a growing child Loss of body fatduring a week of starvation The liver's conversion of a large carbohydrate molecule into its component parts

Addition of calcium and phosphorus to the thigh bone of a growing child

A mitochondrion is a type of cell found in the human body. True False

False

When the pH of blood is higher than normal, the blood has become more acidic. True False

False

When the pH of blood is lower than normal, the blood has become more alkaline. True False

False

Which of the following statements is true? After an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, it can no longer function. Most enzymes havenames that end with - ase. Enzymes canfunction under a wide range of environmental conditions, such as pH andtemperature. Enzymes can function as electrolytes.

Most enzymes havenames that end with - ase.

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions? Bone growth that occurs during adolescence Muscle mass enlargement that occurs after lifting weights Weight gain that occurs after 3 weeks of overeating Muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults

Muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults

Which of the following statements is true? The gallbladdermakes bile and stores the compound in the liver. Older adultsgenerally have fewer taste buds than children. Foods that tastebitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydratecontents. Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus.

Older adultsgenerally have fewer taste buds than children.