Human Nutrition: Chapter 2&3 (Test 1)

Choose examples of plant foods that are often incorporated into Mexican meals.

cherimoya and jicama chayote plantains and cactus leaves

List the events prior to the publishing of experimental results in scientific journals.

critical review by other subject-matter experts subject-matter experts ensure objective research findings are published

The history of the nutrition plans issued by the USDA in the United States can be traced back to the ______.

early 20th century

If an experiment fails to control for variables that are not being tested by using a control group, the findings of the experiment will be ______.

inaccurate questionable

An anecdote ______ considered scientific evidence.

is not

A member of a treatment group

receives a medication or exercise that is being evaluated.

What is often used to season traditional Asian diets?

soy sauce and rice wine peppers and sesame seeds ginger root, garlic, and scallion

A physician named Joseph Goldberger discovered that the disease pellagra was related to

diet

When a manufacturer replaces some of the nutrients that were lost during process, the food product has been ______.

enriched

A researcher that studies the frequency of diabetes in Pacific Islanders, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic African-American adults is conducting _____ research.

epidemiology

When a food is labeled organic, farmers do not use ______ in the foods production.

hormones antibiotics genetic improvements ionizing radiation

The Nutrition Facts panel ______.

lists the serving size indicates number of serving per container indicates the energy and nutrient content of the product

The traditional Native American diet was ____ in sodium and fat and ____ in fiber.

low, high

Cohort studies can be retrospective or

prospective

A process that tests a hypothesis in order to generate a conclusion, which can be reported and then confirmed or refuted by additional studies, is called the ____ method

scientific

Choose the terms that can be used when making nutrient content claims.

free, high, or low more or reduced

When was the food guide introduced based on the RDAs for the general public use?

1943

The general requirements that must be met before a health claim can be made for a food product include which of the following?

A single serving of the food product cannot contain more than 13 grams of fat, 4 grams of saturated fat, 60 mg cholesterol, or 480 mg sodium.

Corn, beans, chili peppers, avocados, and papayas are the mainstays of the _____ diet.

Mexican

Cod liver oil is a rich source of

Vitamin D.

Nutrient claims on food packaging _____.

are designed to address amounts of nutrients.

The United States Department of Agriculture monitors food and beverage labeling in the U.S.

False

Which of the following is true about control groups?

The results of an experiment are unclear or inaccurate if no control group is used.

A health claim could be included on _____

a food with 19% of DV for vitamin A

A health claim could be included on ______.

a food with 19% of DV for vitamin A

The study of dietary and disease patterns among various populations is known as

epidemiology

Which of the following is NOT required on the Supplement Facts label?

Structure-function claim

Since the Pima Indians have adopted a more "Western" diet, obesity and type 2 diabetes is

more common.

Which religions encourage fasting in some form?

Islam Hindu

The Choose Your Foods menu-planning tool categorizes food into three broad groups including ______.

meat and meat substitutes fats carbohydrates

What is the first step of the scientific method?

observation of a natural phenomenon

______ foods are foods produced without the use of antibiotics, hormones, or synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.

Organic

A variable is a ______.

factor that can change and influence an outcome of a study

The protein foods group includes

nuts. fish. beans.

Traditional Asian foods generally feature large amounts of _____

vegetables. rice or noodles.

Which federal agency monitors food and beverage labeling in the United States?

Food and Drug Administration

MyPlate encourages consumers to use the different parts of the hand to estimate ______.

portion sizes

Match the dietary practices with the religion they reflect.

Islam --> fasting from all food and drink from sunrise to sundown during Ramadan Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (formerly Mormon)--> avoid beverages and food containing alcohol, coffee, and tea

Most fruits are

good sources of phytochemicals. good sources of potassium and folate. low in fat.

The Supplement Facts label must include the

serving size. manufacturer's address %DV of each nutrient in supplement.

A scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact is called a(n) ______.

experiment

What part of the hand does MyPlate encourage people to use in order to estimate a 1 cup serving size?

fist

Choose the focus point that is not included in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

increase meat intake

The Nutrition Facts panel ____

indicates the energy and nutrient content of the product lists the serving size indicates number of serving per container

African heritage diets may add ______ to flavor greens when cooking.

smoked pork

Choose examples of plant foods that are often incorporated into Mexican meals.

chayote cherimoya and jicama plantains and cactus leaves

Oils are often good sources of ______.

essential fatty acids vitamin E

A(n) ___ describes the role a nutrient or dietary supplement plays in maintaining a structure, such as bone or promoting a normal function, such as digestion.

structure/function claim

Epidemiologists often rely on ______ people to obtain health data.

surveys of physical examinations of

Most fruit is a good source of which vitamin?

Vitamin C

Most vegetables are rich sources of all of the following except ______.

calories

A structure-function claim ____ state that a nutrient, food, or dietary supplement can be used to prevent or treat a serious health condition.

cannot

Diets that lack proper nutrition can lead to the development of nutrient ______ diseases.

deficiency

Foods that are produced without the use of antibiotics, hormones, or synthetic fertilizers or pesticides are called

organic foods.

Examples of African Heritage foods include _____

sweet potato pie black-eyed peas

What type of study has very few confounding variables?

test tube studies

A person in a scientific experiment who receives a non-placebo drug is a member of the _____ group.

treatment

The traditional Asian dietary pattern is lacking in _____.

calcium-rich foods.

The AMDR for carbohydrate is ______ of total kcal.

45-65%

Identify the foods that are recommended in abundance by the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid.

Fruits Grains Vegetables

Which is true about the daily values?

They are more simplified than the RDAs. They are based on a standard diet of 2000 kcal/day.

The percent DVs are designed to help consumers compare nutrient contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices.

True

A group of people that serve as subjects in an experiment but do not receive a treatment is called a(n) ______ group.

control

A ____ group, which receives no treatment, allows researchers to determine if an experimental treatment has any effect.

control placebo

It is easier to ______.

disprove a hypothesis as being untrue than to verify one as true

In addition to the product name, name and address of the manufacturer, amount of product in the package, and the ingredients panel, the ______ must list certain nutrients.

Nutrition Facts panel

Choose the descriptions that accurately define the scientific method?

Testing a hypothesis in order to draw an evidence-based conclusion Educated guess about the relationship between a variable and an outcome A procedure designed to discover reproducible results

A process that tests a hypothesis in order to generate a conclusion, which can be reported and then confirmed or refuted by additional studies, is called the ______ method

scientific

Choose the items that must be included on a dietary supplement label.

serving size and amount per serving list of ingredients percent Daily Values for ingredients, if one has been established suggested dosage

When a friend tells you she is taking a vitamin B complex supplement and she feels more energetic as a result, she is sharing an _____ , or a report of a personal experience.

anecdotes

A factor that may not be studied but may affect a research outcome is called a ______ variable.

confounding

Vegetables are usually

good sources of vitamin A and folate. good sources of fiber and phytochemicals. low in calories.

Choose an example of a nutrient deficiency disease.

lack of niacin leading to pellagra

According to the Dietary Guidelines, a healthy eating pattern includes ______.

limiting added sugars and sodium foods from all five food groups and oils limiting saturated fats and trans fats

What is the purpose and framework of the Choose Your Foods tool?

The tool provides a manageable framework for designing diets. This tool categorizes foods into carbohydrates, meat and meat substitutes, and fats. The tool provides a manageable framework for the treatment of chronic diseases.

The Choose Your Foods menu-planning tool categorizes food into three broad groups including ____

carbohydrates meat and meat substitutes fats

Match the term with its best definition.

enrichment --> replaces some of the nutrients that foods lose during refining fortification --> the addition of nutrients to food, such as adding calcium to orange juice

The 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans is the first to include recommendations for ______

infants

The 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans includes recommendations from _____ to older adults, and for women during ______

infants ; prenancy

Pellagra was especially widespread in the United States in the early 1900s in which area of the country?

southern US

The Exchange System (now referred to as Choose Your Foods) was originally developed to assist people with ______.

diabetes

Yogurt, milk, and hard cheeses are excellent sources of ______.

protein riboflavin phosphorus

Currently using the term natural on a food label means that the foods do not contain added color, artificial flavors, or other synthetic substances, which is an example of a ______.

standard of identity

Which of the following meals exemplifies the recommendations of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid?

Fruits, vegetables, beans, olive oil, and wine in moderation

The _____ population is now the largest ethnic minority group in the U.S.

Hispanic

National standards for height, weight, and blood pressure are established using data from _____ research findings (use abbreviation to answer this question).

NHANES