Human Nutrition Chapter 5 Assignment, Assessment, and Diet Analysis Case: Diabetes Diet

Jasmine is trying to reduce her intake of refined carbohydrates, while she achieves a healthy eating pattern. Which of the following beverages is her best option?

100% unsweetened orange juice

Fiber reduces cholesterol absorption and increases cholesterol excretion

Reduces cardiovascular disease risk

You are working with a client who was recently diagnosed with pre-diabetes. Which type of fiber would you recommend to your client due to its role in slowing glucose absorption and helping with blood glucose control? Soluble fiber Non-digestible fiber Insoluble fiber Glycogen

Soluble Fiber

Jerry has a family history of type 2 diabetes. All of the following are signs or symptoms of type 2 diabetes that Jerry should monitor except ______.

Breath that smells like fruit

Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son. He should replace his son's favorite fruit juices with fruit drinks. encourage the child to consume more energy drinks. give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks. serve more foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates.

give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks.

Which of the following changes to her dietary pattern would most significantly reduce her intake of added sugars? Replace the pizza with a green leafy salad and lean protein. Replace the colas with water or unsweetened beverages. Sweeten the coffee with sugar-free creamer instead of sweetened creamer. Replace grapes and peaches with nuts and seeds.

Replace the colas with water or unsweetened beverages.

Rank the following foods based on the fiber provided per serving (1 = most fiber and 3 = least fiber). Oat bran (1 cup) Broccoli, chopped, cooked (1/2 cup) Raspberries (1 cup)

1.) Oat bran 2.) Raspberries 3.) Broccoli, chopped, cooked

Felix generally consumes about 2500 kcal/day. He wants to reduce the amount of added sugars in his diet to meet the recommendation for added sugar intake according to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Based on this information, Felix will limit his daily intake of added sugars to less than ________ kcal. 250 115 60 345

250

The treatment for type 1 diabetes always includes ___________.

Insulin therapy

Which of the following is NOT a complex carbohydrate? Amylopectin Amylose Glycogen Lactose

Lactose

In a person with type 1 diabetes, the blood sugar level remains high after a meal because ________.

no insulin is released

Carbohydrate absorption occurs almost exclusively in the ________.

small intestine

The average American consumes added sugars in excess of dietary recommendations. If a person consumes 16 ounces of cola-flavored, caffeinated, sugar-sweetened soda per day, approximately how many empty calories are added to their diet given the 16-ounce can of cola-flavored, caffeinated, sugar-sweetened soft drink contains 44 g of added sugars?

180

Jerry is interested in learning more about healthy breakfast options that contain carbohydrates. Which of the following is an example of a nutrient-dense and carbohydrate-rich breakfast?

3⁄4 cup oatmeal topped with almonds and fresh strawberries

Fiber increases satiety

Helps promote weight loss

If a person does not follow good dental hygiene practices, the debris becomes food for bacteria that live on teeth. As the bacteria metabolize ________, they produce ________ that damages tooth enamel and results in decay.

carbohydrate; acid

Lactase

Breaks disaccharide into glucose and galactose

Maltase

Breaks disaccharide into two molecules of glucose

Pancreatic amylase

Digests starch in the small intestine

For the following foods, rank them in order of how much fiber each provides per standard serving. 1.) is most fiber and 4.) is least fiber White bread Black beans Blackberries Banana

1.) Black beans 2.) Blackberries 3.) Banana 4.) White bread

Which of the following is/are (a) major sign(s) and/or symptom(s) of hyperglycemia? Poor Wound Healing Frequent Urination Blurred Vision All of the choices are correct

All of the chorices are correct

Amylase

Begins the breakdown of starch in the mouth

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugars should be limited in the diet. Based on that recommendation, which of the following foods should be limited? Lentils Breakfast cereal Blueberry muffin Whole wheat bread

Breakfast cereal Blueberry muffin

Which of the following statements about carbohydrate consumption is FALSE? Foods that contain large amounts of refined carbohydrates do not satisfy hunger as well as foods containing more protein or fat. People gain body fat when their intake of kcal from carbohydrates exceeds their energy output. Eating a diet rich in fiber can contribute to weight loss because fiber-rich foods tend to be filling, contributing to reduced food intake. Breakfast cereal is the primary source of added sugar in the diets of American children.

Breakfast cereal is the primary source of added sugar in the diets of American children.

Sucrase

Breaks disaccharide into glucose and fructose

Oligosaccharide

Carbohydrate of 3-10 monosaccharides bonded together

Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate? Fructose Starch Glycogen Lignin

Fructose

Fiber

Non-digestible plant material

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are fructose, lactose, and hexose monophosphate. maltose, ribose, and galactose. galactose, glucose, and fructose. glucose, galactose, and mannose.

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus? Taking vitamin C supplements Exercising daily Smoking less than 2 packs of cigarettes/week Drinking 2 servings of alcohol daily

Exercising daily

What is/are (a) lifestyle choice(s) Jerry can make to reduce his risk for type 2 diabetes?

Exercising daily

Consuming which of the following types of carbohydrates may protect against type 2 diabetes?

Fiber

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is more likely to require more glucagon than she needed before becoming pregnant. give birth to a baby that has birth defects. have a lower risk of gestational hypertension. require more vitamin D, calcium, and iron than a pregnant woman who does not have diabetes.

Give birth to a baby that has birth defects

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as glycogen. certain B vitamins. fiber. ketone bodies.

Glycogen

Currently, Tyra's physical activity level is sedentary. How would incorporating regular physical activity into her lifestyle affect Tyra's diabetes management? She will experience hypoglycemia if she eats too many carbohydrates. She will store more glycogen in her liver. She will not experience any changes because physical activity does not affect diabetes management. Her insulin sensitivity will improve, which will assist with blood glucose regulation.

Her insulin sensitivity will improve, which will assist with blood glucose regulation.

Glycogen

Highly branched storage polysaccharide in animals

According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. metabolic syndrome cystic fibrosis diverticulitis constipation

Metabolic syndrome

For the typical American diet, approximately _______ of total daily kcal are provided from carbohydrates. two-thirds one-half one-third three-quarters

One-half

A fasting blood glucose level of 110 mg/dL is considered ________.

Pre-diabetes

Starch

Storage polysaccharide of plants; composed of amylose and amylopectin

In a person with type 2 diabetes, the blood sugar level remains high after a meal because ________.

cells do not respond to insulin appropriately

If a diet does not provide adequate carbohydrate to meet immediate energy needs, the body compensates by altering its metabolism of other nutrients. Insufficient dietary carbohydrate can lead to elevated levels of ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are the by-products of partial breakdown of ________.

fat

Regardless of the type of diabetes, the primary sign of the disease is ________, abnormally elevated blood glucose levels.

hyperglycemia

When a person's blood glucose level drops too low to provide enough energy for cells they have a condition called ________.

hypoglycemia

In the colon, soluble fiber ________.

is fermented by healthy bacteria that use the products of fermentation for energy

You are working with a client who was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which of the following dairy foods would you recommend to your client as having the lowest content of lactose? Cheese (1 ounce) Yogurt (1 cup) Cow's Milk (1 cup)

Cheese (1 ounce)

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should restrict her fluid intake. increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber. use colon cleansing enemas daily. reduce her intake of fruits and vegetables.

Increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal. muscle fibers ketone bodies glycogen stores vitamin C

Ketone bodies

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate? Glucose Soluble fiber Lactose High-fructose corn syrup

Soluble Fiber

What was the leading source of sodium in Tyra's dietary pattern on this day? Cheeseburger Pepperoni pizza Breadsticks Cottage cheese

Cheeseburger

Soluble fiber slows digestion and minimizes dramatic swings in blood glucose

Improves diabetes management

Tyra has type 2 diabetes. How does type 2 diabetes differ from type 1 diabetes?

In type 2 diabetes, the cells resist the action of insulin.

The most common type of diabetes is ________.

type 2 diabetes

Insoluble fiber increases stool bulk and increases regularity

Promotes colon health

Which of the following statements about carbohydrate digestion is FALSE? Disaccharides and complex carbohydrates (except fiber) are broken down into monosaccharides in the small intestine. Carbohydrate digestion occurs at the fastest rate in the acidic environment of the stomach. Amylase breaks down starch in the mouth and in the small intestine. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth.

Carbohydrate digestion occurs at the fastest rate in the acidic environment of the stomach.

Plants make _______ by using the sun's energy to combine carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms from carbon dioxide and water.

Carbohydrates

Uncontrolled diabetes can contribute to the development of several long-term health conditions. Select the most common long-term consequences of untreated or poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Hyperactivity, anorexia, and hypoxia Constipation, hemorrhoids, and night sweats Cardiovascular disease, blindness, and nerve damage Hair loss, infrequent urination, and lack of thirst

Cardiovascular disease, blindness, and nerve damage

Reviewing the dietary data, which of the following food swaps would be best to help Tyra meet her DRI Goal for dietary fiber? Choose tea with honey instead of coffee with flavored creamer as a beverage with breakfast. Choose sliced plums instead of sliced peaches as a snack. Choose 0.5 cup of All-Bran cereal with low-fat milk for breakfast instead of 2 slices of white bread. Choose fruit juice instead of cola as her beverage at lunch and dinner.

Choose 0.5 cup of All-Bran cereal with low-fat milk for breakfast instead of 2 slices of white bread.

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be eliminated in feces. converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy. metabolized to form urea and excreted by the kidneys. converted into fat and stored.

Converted into fat and stored

Contrary to popular belief, all of the alternative sweeteners approved for sale in the United States are safe for human consumption and have never been proven to be carcinogenic (cancer-causing) in humans. Of the following alternative sweeteners, which one is banned for sale in the United States because of controversial research that indicated the substance caused bladder cancer in mice? Cyclamate Acesulfame-K Neotame Stevia

Cyclamate

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits. insulin aldosterone glucagon thyroxin

Glucagon

Which of the following dietary modifications would be the most effectively way to help Tyra reduce her risk for cardiovascular disease? Replace the quarter pounder with a green leafy salad topped with grilled chicken, diced avocado, and an olive oil-based salad dressing. Replace the white bread with whole-wheat bread at breakfast. Eliminate the fruit from her dietary pattern. Replace the pepperoni pizza with a chef salad, topped with tomato, bacon, cheese, and creamy ranch salad dressing

Replace the quarter pounder with a green leafy salad topped with grilled chicken, diced avocado, and an olive oil-based salad dressing.

Although Tyra is almost meeting her recommended vegetable intake, French fries are her primary source of vegetables. Considering Tyra's diagnosis of diabetes, her weight-loss goal, and her busy lifestyle, what should Tyra order instead of French fries when she orders a meal at a fast-food restaurant? Mashed potatoes Side salad with vinaigrette dressing Sweet potato fries Corn bread

Side salad with vinaigrette dressing

Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use? Sucralose Xylitol Aspartame Invert sugar

Sucralose

Macey would like to sweeten her tea with a nonnutritive sweetener that provides no calories per teaspoon. Which of the following sweeteners should she use? Table sugar Granulated cane juice Mannitol Sucralose

Sucralose

Which of the following statements is true? Diets high in fiber increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber. Eating foods rich in insoluble fiber may increase one's risk for heart disease. Each gram of fiber supplies about 6 kcal for humans.

The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber

Insulin shots or an insulin pump are essential for all individuals with ________.

Type 1 diabetes