Human Nutrition Chp 3, 4, 5, 6

Which of the following is the most common cause of an occasional bout of vomiting? irritable bowel syndrome infection with the norovirus cyclic vomiting syndrome colorectal cancer

infection with the norovirus

After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells? insulin glucagon estrogen CCK

insulin

Which of the following typically occurs when people who are lactose intolerant consume dairy foods? headache and dizziness joint pain intestinal gas, diarrhea. constipation

intestinal gas, diarrhea.

Which of the following would be the BEST choice for someone trying to reduce added sugar intake? sweet cranberry juice caramel apple yogurt canned pears in heavy syrup half a cup of sliced strawberries

half a cup of sliced strawberries

What should be your target in your and your patients lipid profile High HDL, low LDL High HDL and high LDL Low HDL and Low LDL

high LDL, low LDL

Which of the following chemicals can be made of amino acids, is stored in glands, and is secreted into the bloodstream to regulate body functions? buffer hormone antibody enzyme

hormone

Fatty acids leave the chylomicron and move into the cells when the chylomicron comes into contact with lingual lipase. lipoprotein lipase. pancreatic lipase. bile.

lipoprotein lipase

Bile is made in the liver. pancreas. stomach. gallbladder.

liver

Mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol are added to chewing gum as nutritive sweeteners. stabilizers. alternative sweeteners. zero-Calorie sweeteners.

nutritive sweeteners.

which of the following describes lipids? inorganic substances that are insoluble in fat organic substances that are insoluble in fat organic substances that are insoluble in water; include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols inorganic substances that are insoluble in water

organic substances that are insoluble in water; include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols

What is the primary form of fat in the diet? sterols phospholipids glycerols triglycerides

triglycerides

Which of the following nutrients is MOST likely to be deficient in a vegan diet? protein carbohydrate vitamin B12 vitamin C

vitamin B12

The human body can synthesize small amounts of which two fat-soluble vitamins? vitamin D and vitamin K vitamin E and vitamin A thiamin and niacin vitamin B12 and vitamin C

vitamin D and vitamin K

The healthcare provider is teaching a patient diagnosed with celiac disease about the disease process. Which of the following statements made by the patient would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching "I'm glad that I can still eat bread made with rye flour" "My immune system reacts to gluten and damages my gut." "I have an allergy to the proteins that are found in wheat." "The bacteria in my gut are not able to ferment the gluten."

"My immune system reacts to gluten and damages my gut."

Up to what percentage of a person's total energy intake should carbohydrates provide, based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)? 65% 70% 15% 30%

65%

Insulin is synthesized and released by the Beta cells in the gallbladder. Beta cells in the pancreas. Beta cells in the brain. Beta cells in the liver.

Beta cells in the pancreas.

What element present in protein is NOT present in carbohydrate or fat? carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen

Nitrogen

Individuals with the disease phenylketonuria (PKU) should NOT consume the alternative sweetener aspartame. Why? People with PKU are highly prone to development of diabetes. People with PKU cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. People with PKU experience severe headaches when they consume aspartame. People with PKU are allergic to the sweetener.

People with PKU cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.

Which of the following commonly results from years of alcohol abuse? The liver loses its ability to produce insulin and glucagon. The liver attempts to compensate for the alcohol by increasing its production of glucose. Scar tissue develops in the liver, and replaces healthy functional tissue The liver increases its capacity to detoxify alcohol and thereby grows in size.

Scar tissue develops in the liver, and replaces healthy functional tissue

Are some fatty acids essential for good health? Why? No, You should not eat fats at all No, they just make you fat Yes, Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids are precursors to eicosanoids that are potent regulators of cell function. Yes, you should have an Atkins Diet (as much fat as you want)

Yes, Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids are precursors to eicosanoids that are potent regulators of cell function.

Colorectal Cancer is the third most common cancer in men as well as women. It is also the third most deadly cancer. How can you reduce the risk for colorectal cancer? An annual blood test Colonoscopy Drinking a glass of wine daily A diet high in whole grains, fruits and vegetables.

a diet high in whole grains, fruits and vegetables.

Which of the following is NOT a component of an amino acid molecule? an amine group a central carbon a fatty acid group an acid group

a fatty acid group

Which of the following food items would contain the highest amount of saturated fat? a tablespoon of canola oil a cup of skim milk a cup of raw baby spinach a tablespoon of melted butter

a tablespoon of melted butter

Which of the following individuals is LESS likely to be in negative nitrogen balance? a severely ill patient in the ICU a fire victim with severe burns a woman who is six months pregnant

a woman who is six months pregnant

During exercise, which of the following triggers the breakdown of stored fat? insulin estrogen adrenaline lipoprotein lipase

adrenaline

Medium-chain fatty acids are how many carbon atoms in length? 2 at least 14 4 at least 6

at least 6

The smallest units of matter that normally CANNOT be broken down are phospholipids. atoms. cells. molecules.

atoms

Which of the following is NOT associated with type 2 diabetes? sedentary lifestyle obesity autoimmune disease insulin insensitivity

autoimmune disease

To facilitate the digestion of dietary fats, the gallbladder stores and releases a substance known as lipase. bile. hydrochloric acid. bicarbonate.

bile

Individuals with celiac disease must eat gluten-free foods, which include rye bread. wheat cereal. barley soup. brown rice pasta.

brown rice pasta

A complete protein contains all 20 amino acids. has not been denatured. contains all 9 essential amino acids. is a polypeptide.

contains all 9 essential amino acids.

What is the cephalic phase? phase in which the semi-digested food leaves the stomach and slowly enters the small intestine final phase of digestion in which the large intestine and rectum prepare the undigested components of food for elimination phase in which the majority of absorption occurs, primarily occurring in the small intestine earliest phase of digestion in which the brain prepares the body in anticipation of food

earliest phase of digestion in which the brain prepares the body in anticipation of food

Which of the following organs does NOT assist in the digestion of lipids? liver gallbladder esophagus mouth

esophagus

Which of the following is known as a "hunger hormone"? CCK progesterone ghrelin testosterone

ghrelin

Which of the following carbohydrates is an end product of photosynthesis? glucose chlorophyll carbon dioxide glycogen

glucose

Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein in the human body? providing energy to the blood cells and brain growth and maintenance of new tissue synthesis of hormones maintaining fluid balance

providing energy to the blood cells and brain

Blood triglyceride levels are decreased by regular exercise. a high-cholesterol diet. regular blood pressure screening. a diet high in added sugars.

regular exercise

A food label on a nutrition bar lists its ingredients. Which of the following ingredients does NOT contain protein derived from the major allergenic foods? peanuts wheat flour rice flour roasted soybeans

rice flour

Which of the following enzymes is found in the mouth? pancreatic amylase maltase salivary amylase lactase

salivary amylase

Which of the following fatty acids is generally solid at room temperature? monounsaturated short-chain saturated polyunsaturated

saturated

Significant chemical digestion of protein begins in the stomach. pancreas. mouth. pharynx.

stomach

When fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form galactose. sucrose. lactose. maltose.

sucrose

Gluconeogenesis is the release of stored glycogen from the liver. uptake of glucose by the body's cells. process by which plants use sunlight to synthesize glucose. synthesis of new glucose from amino acids.

synthesis of new glucose from amino acids.

Which of the following is recommended to prevent symptoms of GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)? waiting at least 30 minutes after eating before lying down sleeping on a flat mattress without pillows eating 2 large meals a day taking an antacid before eating a meal

taking an antacid before eating a meal

A polypeptide consist of a string of how many amino acids? more than four ten or more two nine

ten or more

Diabetes is a chronic disease in which lack of insulin forces body cells to take in excessive glucose. the body can no longer maintain glucose levels high enough to support body functioning. the body can no longer regulate blood glucose levels within normal limits. inadequate intake of dietary carbohydrate prompts hypoglycemia.

the body can no longer regulate blood glucose levels within normal limits.