human nutrition final study set, chap 18-19

To prepare for a natural disaster, people should store at least

1 gallon of water a day per person

Low-acidic foods should be boiled for at least ______ minutes to safely destroy the Clostridium botulinum.

10

Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ________ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly. Answers:40602090

20

What is the EAR for energy in older adult maless? 1600 g/day 2000 g/day 1000 g/day 25 g/day

2000

A ________ is simply a piece of genetic material coated with protein. virus parasite bacterium protozoan

A

Lenny had steak tartare for dinner and has started to feel ill. Which pathogen should he be most concerned about after eating raw oysters? E. coli 0157:H7 Clostridium botulinum Vibrio vulnificus Salmonella

A

The name of the condition when urine leaks out of the bladder is called what _____________. Urinary incontinence Bowel movement Urinary cast Hypothyroidism

A

Which of the following food preservation techniques involves adding certain types of bacteria or yeast to foods, producing probiotic foods. Fermentation Sterilization Pasteurization Curing

A

Which of the following is not a typical sign or symptom of food-borne illness? Chest pain Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea

A

The FDA performs many tasks to protect the U.S. food Multiple select question. regulating domestic food. regulating imported food. pasteurizing all dairy products. enforcing federal food safety laws.

A, B, D

Margaret is 87 years of age. Compared to when she was 27 years of age, her ________ now. cells require more energy bones are more dense stomach secretes less intrinsic factor body requires less vitamin B-12

C

What is the EAR for energy in older adult females? 1000 g/day 2000 g/day 1600 g/day 25 g/day

C

Which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults? Sulfur Vanadium Potassium Sodium

C

o minimize risk for food-borne illness, ground beef should be used within _______ days of storage in the refrigerator. Answers: 10-14 5-7 1-2 3-4

C

Forty-year old Kent has a family history of Alzheimer's disease. What recommendations do you have for Kent to reduce his risk for Alzheimer's disease? Consume foods that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids Engage in regular physical activity Continue learning and reading All of the choices are correct.

D

Jenna is a 73-year-old woman who complains to her doctor that her food does not have any taste. The physician told Jenna to add more spices in each dish she prepares. Based on your knowledge about the process of aging, ________. Jenna is showing symptoms of early pancreatic failure Jenna should chew her food slowly and drink plain water with meals Jenna is suffering from several vitamin and mineral deficiencies Jenna is experiencing a normal decline in her sense of taste

D

To reduce the risk of food-borne illness, which of these guidelines should you follow? Purchase fresh meat that has a use-by date of today to help the store minimize food waste. When shopping in a supermarket, select fresh meat first so their drippings do not contaminate other items in your shopping cart. Store eggs in the build-in egg holder in your refrigerator. Do not buy food in dented cans.

D

Which of the following statements is true? People living in the United States are more likely to reach 100 years of age than those living in all other parts of the world. In the United States, life expectancy is about 95 years. The longest living (documented) person was a Russian man who lived for 114 years. A centenarian is a person who has lived for 100 years or more.

D

The FDA standards for bottled water are similar to the _____ standards for tap water.

EPA

older adults are consuming too much _____

Sodium, solid fats, and added sugars

Which statements are true about the Norovirus infection?

Symptoms may include vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea. Onset of symptoms occurs 24 hours to 2 days after exposure.

Steps that are taken to insure that tap water is safe include

a thorough purification process. constantly testing water for safety.

Risk factors for the development of age-related dementia include Multiple select question. drinking excessive alcohol. contracting an infectious disease. age. atherosclerosis.

a, c, d

Certain molds produce ________, a substance that might cause severe illness, particularly liver damage.

aflatoxins

A disease caused by inflammation of a joint that is accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness is ______.

arthritis

Which statement concerning the GRAS list is true? Multiple choice question. Manufacturers must get prior approval from the FDA before using ingredients on the GRAS list. Manufacturers can include items on the GRAS list as ingredients without testing them for safety.

b

Which organism is the least complex?

bacteria

The two major pathogens responsible for most cases of food-borne illnesses are and .

bacteria, viruses

In addition to storing food as part of an emergency food supply, you should also store ______.

batteries and flashlights paper plates and eating utensils radio and manual can opener

As it is difficult to meet the requirements for this nutrient by eating food, _____ supplementation among older adults is common.

calcium

Conditions which can increase the risk of age-related dementia include having

down syndrome, diabetes, hypertension

The process of food irradiation preserves food by using a high amount of

energy

A food preservation method used to produce foods like yogurt, wine, cheese and sauerkraut is

fermentation

is one of the oldest strategies that may be used in order to prevent the growth of microorganisms leading to food-borne illnesses.

fermentation

When the heart does not pump properly and cannot meet the body's needs for blood and oxygen, the person has developed ______.

heart failure

A pesticide that kills weeds is called a (an)

herbicide

urinary

increased loss of functional kidney cells

When a person is diagnosed with a food-borne illness, it may be difficult determining the source of the illness because of different

incubation periods of microbes

According to the FDA guidelines the responsibility of safe bottled water production belongs to the

manufacterer

To survive and multiply, most microbes need ______, and some require oxygen.

moisture, warmth, source of nutrients

Unlike typical food-borne illnesses,

prions cause neurodegenerative disease

In the elderly, muscle cells shrink or die resulting in a loss of muscular strength called ______.

sarcopenia

deterioration of our body that occurs with age is called

sensescense

Food-borne illness causing microbes are often found in

soil, air, sewage, water

period can range from 1 hour to several days which explains why people will develop signs and symptoms at different rates.

the incubation

damage or error theories

theories have the premise that organs simply wear out with use and abuse.

The result of consuming contaminated food or water when traveling in countries where sanitary water supplies are not available can lead to

travelers diarrhea

What food can mold be removed from and still consumed?

cheese

85+ aged oldest old ___

comprise one of fastest growing segments of US population

Pathogens, insect parts, residues of compounds used to kill insects that destroy food crops, and metal fragments from food-processing equipment are all considered a ______ if found in a food.

contaminant

A food that is no longer wholesome, pure, or safe for human consumption, is called a

contaminated food

High-acidic foods have a ______ risk of containing the botulimum microorganism.

lesser

Due in part to lack of sun exposure, older adults need more

vitamin D

About 50% of the body weight of healthy older adults is from

water

When is raw fish safe to eat?

when it is very fresh before being commercially frozen and then thawed.

endocrine

decreased production of growth and thyroid hormones

circulatory

reduced flexibility of arteries, reduced cardiac input, and increased risk for blood clots

Energy needs decline with advancing age due to

reduced metabolic rate and decrease in physical activity

Working with the FDA, local health departments inspect , stores, farms and local food processing companies.

restaurants, grocery, dairy

This virus takes the longest incubation time for onset of symptoms. Norovirus Hepatitis A virus Shigella species Rotovirus

B

Choose the techniques that are recommended when storing foods to prevent food-borne illness.

Cook raw fish, shellfish, and poultry the day they are purchased or freeze immediately. Keep the refrigerator as cold as possible without freezing milk or lettuce. Chill or freeze hot foods immediately, it is not necessary to let hot foods cool before freezing.

_____________ is a naturally occurring compund in foods that form food is heated to high temperatures. Pesticides Benzene BPA Acrylamide

D

Choose possible side effects of diuretics medications. dehydration weight gain dizziness memory loss

D and D

A program established by the federal government to provide funds for nutrition assistance in older Americans is the ______.

Nutrition Program of the Administration for Community Living

The most common form of arthritis that results from the progressive degeneration of the bones and cartilage is called

osteoarthritis

Which of the following are in the high-risk group for developing a food-borne illness?

very young children, pregnant women, older adults

summarize the four rules set by the USDA as part of the "Check Your Steps!" program.

clean, seperate, cook, and chill

reproductive

decreased hormone male production and sperm count in men, decreased female hormone production in women.

An infection caused by microscopic disease-causing agents in food is called a(n)

food-borne illness

The condition that occurs when increased fluid pressure in the eye damages the optic nerve is called

glaucoma

Some characteristics of bacteria are that they

grow in a neautral PH, Prefer warmer temperatures

Which of the following is highly perishable due to the concentration of pathogens on the outside and inside?

hamburger

Parkinson's disease is caused by the ________ in the brain.

loss of dopamine producing cells

A neurological disorder that can cause dementia and that leads to the loss of muscle function, tremors, stiffness and impaired balance is called

parkinsons disease

Sources of aflatoxins include

peanuts, treenuts, corn

What are steps you can take to reduce your risk of Traveler's Diarrhea?

use alcohol based sanitizer, eat fully cooked meals, avoid tap and ice water.

What are some benefits of food additives?

used to prevent enzymes from causing undesirable changes, used to limit food borne illnesses causing bacteria

The condition that damages brain tissue and occurs when the blood supply to the brain is reduced is called

vascular dementia

In the United States older adults often consume less than the recommended servings of

vegetables and fruits

What are the major kinds of pathogens?

viruses, protozoa, bacteria

The status of ______ is commonly low in older adults.

vitamin B-12