Human Sexuality: Chapter 12

Premature births are babies that are born before _____ weeks gestation.

37

Premature births are babies that are born before _____ weeks of gestation. 32 35 37 40

37

A full-term pregnancy lasts 30 weeks. 36 weeks. 40 weeks. 44 weeks.

40 weeks

A low-birth-weight baby is usually defined as one who weighs less than __________ pounds.

5.5

New medical technology has brought about a decrease in the incidence of ectopic pregnancies in the last two decades.

False

Only the Scandinavian countries have lower infant mortality rates than the United States.

False

SIDS is a bacterial disease passed to the fetus via the placenta.

False

The hormone Relaxin stimulates the uterus to begin strong contractions in the labor process.

False

An easy nonmedical technique to enhance fertility is:

having the man switch from jockey shorts to boxer shorts.

A woman may experience a "fourth trimester" in which she undergoes physical stabilization and emotional adjustment. This period is called the

postpartum period.

A major cause of infant mortality in the United States is

poverty.

Penetration of the oocyte's outer layers requires capacitation of the sperm.

True

Physicians approximate the beginning of a pregnancy to be at the time of a woman's last menstrual cycle.

True

The leading cause of infertility in females is blocked fallopian tubes.

True

The most common cause of miscarriages is chromosomal abnormality.

True

The production of milk begins about three days after childbirth.

True

Throughout gestation, the fetus is nourished by the placenta.

True

Which of the following is NOT a reason why low birth weight is problematic?

Vital organs may be insufficiently developed.

Births to Hispanic women account for ____% of all U.S. births.

25

If the pregnancy proceeds without interruption, the birth will occur approximately how many days after conception?

266

After ovulation, an oocyte remains viable in the female body for

12-24 hours.

Most sperm are viable in the female reproductive tract for

12-48 hours.

In the United States, about what percentage of male newborns delivered in hospitals are circumcised? 54% 67% 82% 90%

54%

In the United States, what percentage of male newborns delivered in hospitals are circumcised?

57%

Approximately how many women of childbearing age have chosen not to have children?

6.6%

A full-term fetus has about ______________ cells.

600 trillion

At what point is the fetus typically able to survive outside of the mother's body?

7 months

Which of the following statements about gay and lesbian parents is TRUE?

Children of gay parents are just as well adjusted as children raised by heterosexual parents.

Which of the following statements about gay and lesbian parents is FALSE?

Children of gay parents have a greater tendency to have emotional and behavioral problems.

Nausea, fatigue, and breast tenderness are most characteristic of the third trimester of pregnancy.

False

After 4 or 5 days the zygote becomes a fetus.

False

Amniocentesis must be performed before the 10th week of pregnancy.

False

Children raised by gay parents are more likely to have emotional problems than children raised by heterosexual parents.

False

Doctors often recommend that pregnant women drink a glass of wine each evening to help them relax.

False

German measles is most dangerous to the unborn child if the mother contracts it in the latter stages of pregnancy.

False

Hegar's sign is an indication that labor is about to begin.

False

If a woman has a C-section once, she will have to have C-sections for all future pregnancies.

False

If postpartum depression occurs, it will surface within the first 2 months after birth.

False

Infertility is defined as a failure to conceive after 6 months of intercourse without contraception.

False

Infertility refers to a lack of viable gametes in the male or female.

False

Intercourse should be avoided during pregnancy.

False

Most premature infants experience disabilities and health problems as they develop.

False

Home pregnancy tests show if __________ is present.

HCG

After many years of testing and attempted fertilizations, Charlotte agrees to have several of her own oocytes fertilized in a dish and then have them implanted in her uterus. This procedure is called

IVF (in vitro fertilization).

After many years of testing and attempted fertilizations, Charlotte agrees to have several of her own oocytes fertilized in a dish and then have them implanted in her uterus. This procedure is called IUI (intrauterine insemination). AI (artificial insemination). IVF (in vitro fertilization). GIFT (general inter-uterine fertilization treatment).

IVF (in vitro fertilization).

Sharla is pregnant. Her last menstrual period was on March 1st. Her physician will calculate the first date of her pregnancy as

March 1.

Why do so few sperm ever reach the fallopian tubes after intercourse?

Most leak from the vagina or are destroyed by the vaginal environment.

Which state has passed a law which criminalizes drug use during pregnancy?

No state specifically criminalizes drug use during pregnancy.

A bacterium that is harmless to adults but may be fatal for newborns is

Strep B.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why low birth weight is problematic? The sucking reflex and swallowing ability may not be well developed. There will be greater vulnerability to infections, particularly respiratory ones. Vital organs may be insufficiently developed. The brain and other vital organs may be edematous.

The brain and other vital organs may be edematous.

After being rushed to the hospital, a woman is told she has an ectopic pregnancy. What does this mean?

The conceptus has implanted in the fallopian tube and is growing outside of the uterus.

Delaying pregnancy until after age 35 has become more common for women.

True

Group B Streptococcus can be fatal to newborns.

True

Most pregnancies proceed without major complications.

True

Most premature deliveries are related to teenage pregnancy, smoking, poor nutrition, or poor health in the mother.

True

Which of the following is NOT a basic precaution for sexual relations during pregnancy? If there is bleeding, cease sexual activity and consult a physician. The woman should not have orgasms during pregnancy. Pressure on the woman's abdomen during late pregnancy should be avoided. If the woman has had a prior miscarriage, she should check with her health care practitioner before engaging in activities that could lead to orgasm.

The woman should not have orgasms during pregnancy.

Which of the following is NOT a basic precaution for sexual relations during pregnancy?

The woman should not have orgasms late in pregnancy.

A woman's first pregnancy is especially significant because it has traditionally symbolized the transition to adulthood and the achievement of womanhood.

True

Among the benefits of prepared childbirth are that the mothers handle pain better, use less medication and anesthetics, and have a lower risk of postpartum depression.

True

Artificial insemination involves injecting the woman with sperm from her partner or a donor.

True

Tamesha has missed her period. Her doctor does a vaginal exam and tells her that she is likely pregnant. This is because the doctor noticed

a softening of Tamesha's uterus just below the cervix.

Hegar's sign is

a softening of the uterus just above the cervix.

A couple has been unable to conceive a child for over a year. Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of the woman's infertility?

a varicocele

At the present time, most experts counsel pregnant women to:

abstain entirely from alcohol because there is no safe dosage known at this time.

Which of the following is NOT a developmental task of the expectant mother?

acceptance of pregnancy

Which of the following is NOT a developmental task of the expectant mother? acceptance and resolution of the relationship with the woman's own mother development of an emotional attachment to the fetus differentiation of the self from the fetus acceptance of pregnancy

acceptance of pregnancy

Fetal alcohol syndrome does NOT include which of the following?

alcoholism in the fetus

Tina is 42 years old and pregnant. Because of a higher likelihood of Down syndrome, her health care practitioner is likely to recommend which test?

amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

The fetus is contained within the

amnion.

Most miscarriages are caused by:

an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Fertility treatments in which both the eggs and the sperm are handled are known as

assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Fertility treatments in which both the eggs and the sperm are handled are known as assisted reproductive technology (ART). physician intervening procedure (PIP). fertility insemination treatment (FIT). genetic uterine manipulation (GUM).

assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Second stage labor begins when the

baby's head moves into the birth canal.

Second stage labor begins when the placenta is discharged. baby begins to breathe on its own. mucous plug is expelled from the cervix. baby's head moves into the birth canal.

baby's head moves into the birth canal.

Which of the following is not an embryonic membrane?

blastulon

Which of the following is not an embryonic membrane? amnion chorion blastulon yolk sac

blastulon

The placenta filters out

blood cells.

The process by which oocyte-penetrating enzymes are prepared for release is called

capacitation.

The term now used to describe adults who have decided to refrain from having children is childlike. child-free. childless. abstinent.

child-free

The term now used to describe adults who have decided to refrain from having children is

child-free.

The amniocentesis procedure tests for

chromosomal abnormalities.

Maternal _______________ impairs placental development by reducing blood flow. cigarette smoking alcohol consumption calorie restriction marijuana use

cigarette smoking

Before lactation begins, the woman's breast may secrete a yellowish liquid rich in protein that contains antibodies to help protect the baby from disease. This liquid is

colostrum.

For a woman who postpones pregnancy until she is over the age of 35 will likely find that her chances of conceiving ______________, whereas her risk of having a live baby with chromosome problems _____________.

decrease; increase

Karen is trying to become pregnant. She is concerned about contracting rubella, which she has never had and for which she has never been immunized. To help avoid any related problems with her child during pregnancy and afterward, she should

discuss rubella immunization with her doctor before trying to get pregnant.

Another name for a tubal pregnancy is a(n) ____________ pregnancy

ectopic

The best antidote to a woman's anxieties in the first trimester of pregnancy is:

education about the birth process and support from family and friends.

Recent research suggests that which commonly used delivery procedure should be discontinued because it offers no benefits but can cause complications?

episiotomies

One factor that does NOT contribute to the occurrence of infertility in women is

excessive consumption of vitamin A.

The most common cause of female infertility is

fallopian tube blockage from PID.

A newborn baby has unusual facial features, a small head and body size, poor mental abilities, and a heart defect. Physicians are likely to suspect

fetal alcohol syndrome.

Formation of the arms and legs of an embryo occurs around the

fifth week.

Morning sickness (nausea) is most characteristic in which trimester?

first

The internal organs of a fetus are well-developed by

five months.

When the blastocyst arrives in the uterine cavity, it then

floats for a day or two before implanting.

An Apgar score measures reflexes, color, respiration, and eye movement. heart rate, respiration, and birth weight. red cell count, respiration, birth weight, and reflexes. heart rate, respiration, color, reflexes, and muscle tone.

heart rate, respiration, color, reflexes, and muscle tone

An Apgar score measures

heart rate, respiration, color, reflexes, and muscle tone.

Approximately two weeks following a missed menstrual period, pregnancy can usually be detected by the presence of:

human chorionic gonadotropin.

Fetal alcohol syndrome does NOT include which of the following? heart defects unusual facial characteristics abnormal behavior patterns incomplete limb development

incomplete limb development

Which of the following most typifies the second trimester?

increased sense of well-being and harmony

At the 15th week of gestation, the fetus is covered with fine hair called vernix. lunelle. fontanelle. lanugo.

lanugo

At the 15th week of gestation, the fetus is covered with fine hair called

lanugo.

Exposure of the pregnant woman to which teratogen has been implicated in a variety of learning disorders for the child?

lead

Which of the following is one of the primary causes of male infertility?

misshapen sperm

Uterine contractions are stimulated by

oxytocin and prostaglandins.

Nutrients are passed to the fetus through the:

placenta.

A condition of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and edema along with protein in the urine is toxoplasmosis. erythroblastosis fetalis. pregnancy-induced hypertension. ectopic pregnancy.

pregnancy-induced hypertension

A condition of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and edema along with protein in the urine is

pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Gestation refers to the process of

pregnancy.

The Centers for Disease Control recommends all pregnant women be screened for all of the following EXCEPT: syphilis. gonorrhea. rabies. hepatitis B.

rabies

Which of the following will reduce the likelihood of low-birth-weight and premature births?

regular prenatal care

How much alcohol is too much for a pregnant woman?

researchers do not know.

Which trimester of pregnancy tends to be the most pleasant for the mother?

second

One in ______ known pregnancies ends in a miscarriage.

seven

A ultrasound is performed using

sound waves.

Kelly has decided to carry a pregnancy for her sister Sydney. They use Kelly's egg and Sydney's husband's sperm. Kelly is a gestational carrier. surrogate mother. foster mother. proxy mother

surrogate mother

When one woman bears a child for another, this is known as

surrogate motherhood.

Karen just had chorionic villus sampling to determine if her fetus had birth defects. This test was likely performed in the ____________ weeks of gestation.

tenth to twelfth

On approximately the fifth day after conception,

the blastocyst arrives in the uterine cavity.

Traditionally, physicians calculate the first day of pregnancy as

the date of the beginning of the last menstrual period.

Traditionally, physicians count the first day of pregnancy from:

the day on which the woman began her last menstrual period.

Fertilization is considered complete when

the diploid zygote is formed.

Which stage of labor is usually the longest?

the first

German measles (rubella) are most dangerous to the unborn child during

the first trimester.

In artificial insemination,

the partner's or a donor's sperm is injected into the woman.

The greatest concern about a woman conceiving after age 35 is that:

there is a greater likelihood that her child with have Down syndrome.

During the third trimester, which of the following events is NOT likely to occur?

there is a return of nausea and vomiting

When a pregnancy miscarries, it is likely that

there were chromosomal damage or uterine abnormalities.

In a situation in which it is critical to know about fetal abnormalities as early as possible, which diagnostic test is likely to be recommended?

ultrasound

The mother's bloodstream is attached to the fetus through the fallopian tube. umbilical cord. placenta. cervix.

umbilical cord

The mother's bloodstream is attached to the fetus through the

umbilical cord.

Ultrasound imaging

uses sound waves to create an image of the internal structure of the fetus.

Newborns are often covered with a waxy substance called vernix. lochia. lanugo. chorion

vernix

Newborns are often covered with a waxy substance called

vernix.

Harry and Patricia are that told their neonate measured 9.5 on the Apgar test. This means that their baby is

very healthy.

The amniocentesis procedure is performed by

withdrawing fluid from the uterus with a needle.

To increase the likelihood of fertilization, a couple should have intercourse

within 5 days before and 1 day after ovulation.

In order for Avram and Sara to get pregnant, intercourse must take place:

within five days before and one day after Sara ovulates.

Which form of assisted reproductive technology involves fertilizing the woman's eggs in the laboratory, then transferring the fertilized eggs into her fallopian tubes?

zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

What is the correct order of prenatal development?

zygote, blastocyst, embryo, fetus

Which is the correct sequence of development for a fertilized ovum?

zygote, blastocyst, embryo, fetus