HUN 2201 Metabolism Chapter 8 (UNF)

Can extreme alcohol poisoning result in death

Yes

The complete catabolism of one glucose molecule yields approximately ________ to _______ molecules of ATP

30, 32

When the body has access to oxygen, the pyruvate that is formed from glycolysis is converted to

Acetyl coenzyme A

During________ metabolism, adequate oxygen is present allowing mitochondria to make lots of ATP

Aerobic

Examples of anabolic reactions

Amino acids →Proteins... glucose→Glycogen... glycerol+free fatty acids→Triglycerides

When the body is in need of glucose it can synthesize glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors in a process known as

Gluconeogenesis

The body will often store excess_______ in The liver and muscle cells as glycogen through__________

Glucose; glycogenesis

What is secreted in response to a rise in blood glucose level-absorptive state

Insulin

What are key hormones in the regulation of metabolic activities

Insulin, cortisol, epinephrine, glucagon, and thyroid hormone,

Amino acids the enter the catabolic energy pathway as acetyl CoA are what?

Ketogenic

The ability of carbon atoms in fatty acids increase the potential to form more

NADH, FADH2, acetyl CoA

steps of citric acid cycle

1. Acetyl CoA binds to oxaloacetate 2. Citrate is converted to an intermediate compound 3. NADH Is formed and combines with citrate 4. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized, resulting in succinyl-CoA 5. ATP forms GTP 6. oxaloacetate is re-formed

What are the two effects that contribute to hangover symptoms

1. Dehydration 2. Brain cell disruption

What is the most important use of some of the energy released during the electron transfer

Binding Pi to ADP

___________ ____________ (2 words) is defined as having four or more drinks for females and five or more drinks for males per 2-hour occasion

Binge drinking

Which of the following fuel sources would get metabolized first if all were present in the liver at the same time? a) fatty acids b) glucose c)alcohol d) amino acids

C) Alcohol

The citric acid cycle is a complex series of chemical reactions that converts the two-carbon acetyl CoA molecules into

Co2 and H2O

The_______ _________ is a pathway in which the liver cells remove the Lactaid from the bloodstream and recycle it into glucose

Cori cycle

________ is a catabolic hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands

Cortisol

The __________ is a linked series of enzymes that synthesize water and ATP during aerobic energy metabolism

Electron transport chain

What are three types of catabolic hormones

Glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine

___________ amino acids are those that are broken down into either pyruvate or intermediates of the citric acid cycle

Glucogenic

Blood alcohol level is reported as

Percentage of alcohol in the blood

What coenzymes are required to convert glycogen to glucose

Pyridoxal phosphate

Where does glucose go after it is degraded in the liver

The bloodstream