HW 06 - Ch 6: Plate Tectonics

In convection, warm material rises because it is more dense.

False

Plate tectonics implies that Earth must be expanding.

False

The rate of seafloor spreading is, on the average, about two or three meters per year.

False

Which geologic features are associated with convergent boundaries?

ocean trenches and volcanoes

What do you think will happen to the location of Los Angeles with continued activity along the San Andreas Fault over a long time span?

Los Angeles will slide to the northwest.

In general, where do volcanoes form in subduction zones?

on the overriding plate, away form the convergent boundary

Oceanic lithosphere contains oceanic crust and the __________.

outermost part of mantle beneath the oceanic crust

Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ________.

subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries

Which of the following is a layer of the Earth that is classified NOT by composition, but by physical properties?

Asthenosphere

Which tectonic boundary results when two tectonic plates pull apart from each other?

Divergent boundaries

Continent-continent convergence results in subduction.

False

For the figure below, determine if you would expect an earthquake to occur at the location of the labeled points using the figure above as a reference. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Labels may be used more than once.

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Which type of plate boundary is most closely associated with uplifting continental regions and mountain building?

convergent boundaries

How do plates move at divergent plate boundaries?

Plates move apart.

How do plates move at transform plate boundaries?

Plates move side by side.

How do plates move at convergent plate boundaries?

Plates move together.

NOTE: Observation is what Wegener saw to indicate the possibility that the continents are moving. Observation is just "seeing" what is there. Evidence is based on data collected to support the observation. Drag the appropriate items into their respective bins.

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What would happen in the lava lamp if the orange liquid were denser at warmer temperatures than the blue/clear liquid shown in the animation?

The blue/clear liquid would rise toward the top when the lamp was turned on, whereas the orange liquid would sink.

What are two differences between oceanic crust and continental crust?

The continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust.

What is the relationship between the crust and lithosphere?

The crust is part of the lithosphere.

Which properties of a lava lamp are important to remember when modeling convection?

The lava lamp contains two liquids with different densities that do not mix and that expand at different rates when heated.

Why does oceanic lithosphere subduct under continental lithosphere, whereas continental lithosphere does not subduct under oceanic lithosphere?

The oceanic lithosphere is thinner and denser than the continental lithosphere, which is thicker and less dense.

Why are volcanoes not found at transform boundaries?

Transform boundaries do not cause changes to the pressure, temperature, or composition of the mantle.

Which type of tectonic boundary is the result of two tectonic plates sliding past each other?

Transform boundary

Divergent boundaries are not one, smooth ridge of separation. Instead, they are broken into a series of segments, with different segments of fault offset from others. What features allow for the offset of divergent boundaries?

Transform faults

In general, rocks of the continental crust are less dense than rocks of the oceanic crust.

True

Imagine that you were given a ship equipped with a device that could measure how deep the water is. You are asked to use this ship to find a subduction zone. What would you look for as you sailed around the world's oceans?

a deep-ocean trench

Refer to the hypothetical plate map below and determine the relative motion of the plates. Place the arrows on the map to indicate the correct direction of plate movement. Each arrow can only be used once. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

[The arrows point towards the subduction zone and away from the oceanic ridge]

Refer to the images in the three scenarios below that show different types of convergent plate boundaries and label items accordingly. Drag the appropriate items into their respective bins.

[remind me to add the picture of answers later]

Continental rifts are associated with ________ plate boundaries.

divergent

New oceanic lithosphere is formed at ________.

divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma

Which of the following plate boundaries would exhibit vertical faults with rock units that didn't match, offset stream channels, and strong earthquakes with no volcanoes?

transform

Which of the following are features of a divergent plate boundary? Choose all that apply.

-a rift valley -an oceanic ridge

In general, where do both earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur? Choose all that apply.

-at convergent plate boundaries -at divergent plate boundaries

Refer to the hypothetical plate map below and determine how many portions of plates are shown.

5 plates

In the early part of the twentieth century, ________ argued forcefully for the idea of continental drift.

Alfred Wegener

Crustal rifting is currently occurring in East Africa. Which of the following features would you expect to find there?

All of the above are correct

Why does the orange liquid rise when the lava lamp animation is plugged in?

Although both liquids expand when heated, the orange liquid expands more.

Which of the following mountain ranges are examples of continental arcs?

Andes and Cascades

Which of the following statements about earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 is most accurate?

Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates closely with plate boundaries.

Divergent boundaries are limited to the seafloor.

False

Examine the image of the Baja Peninsula of Mexico. Red lines indicated sections of oceanic ridge. White lines indicate transform faults. Black arrows indicate the direction of relative plate motion. Is it true or false to say this is a good example of a convergent plate boundary?

False

Identify each type of convergent plate boundary. Drag the appropriate convergence labels to their respective targets.

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How is the thickness of the lithosphere going to change as it moves away from a divergent plate boundary?

Lithosphere will thicken as more mantle is added.

The three diagrams below show the three types of stresses: tension, compression, and shear. Determine which of these stresses would be found at transform plate boundaries, and place them in the appropriate bin. Drag the appropriate items into their respective bins. Each item may be used only once.

OCCURS AT TRANSFORM BOUNDARY: -Deformation associated with shear stress DOES NOT OCCUR AT TRANSFORM BOUNDARY: -Deformation associated with compressional stress -Deformation associated with tensional stress

What is the main material being subducted at an ocean-continent convergent boundary?

Oceanic lithosphere

Use the diagram as well as what you learned in the previous parts to describe which kinds of geologic activity are associated with each type of boundary. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

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Which fault in Southern California was created by the sliding of the Pacific Plate past the North American Plate?

San Andreas Fault

Refer to the hypothetical plate map below and determine where active volcanoes would be located. Place the labels on the map to indicate the correct volcano locations. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

Target A: Volcano Target B: Volcano Target C: No volcano Target D: No volcano Target E: No volcano

What would happen to Earth if ocean floor were created at divergent boundaries at a faster rate than it is destroyed at convergent boundaries?

The Earth would increase in volume.

The western edge of the Juan de Fuca Plate is a divergent boundary with a ragged, zigzag edge. (See the figure.) Which of the following describes the motion of the Juan de Fuca plate on its southern boundary at the Mendocino Fault?

The Juan de Fuca Plate has right-lateral motion with the Pacific Plate along the transform Mendocino Fault.

What would happen to the orange liquid in the lava lamp if heat did NOT conduct out of the top of the lava lamp?

The orange liquid would stay near the top of the lava lamp.

What is a volcanic arc?

a row of volcanoes that forms on the overriding plate near a subduction zone

Most of the world's ________ line(s) up along plate tectonic boundaries.

all of the above

Where is the youngest ocean floor found?

along the crest of mid-ocean ridges

The East African rift is a divergent plate boundary that is splitting the continent of Africa into two pieces. What will eventually form around this divergent boundary?

an ocean

Where are tectonic plates located?

at Earth's surface

Why was Wegener's idea of continental drift rejected?

both A and B

What is the appropriate term for the movement of the orange liquid in the lava lamp animation?

convection

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

divergent, convergent, and transform

Plates move apart at __________ boundaries, move together at __________ boundaries, and move side-by-side at __________ boundaries.

divergent/convergent/transform

Mount Hood (pictured) is part of the Cascade Range. These active volcanoes are a chain that stretches along the west coast from northern California to southern British Columbia, Canada. The Cascades are ________.

evidence of subduction in the Pacific Northwest of the United States

Which phenomenon can explain the presence of volcanoes in the middle of the Pacific Ocean?

hot spots

At a transform plate boundary, the two plates move

laterally past each other.

Which geologic features are associated with divergent boundaries?

mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys

Complete this statement: Divergence is to moving away as convergence is to _______.

moving toward

Where in a lava lamp would the density of both materials be equal?

near the middle of the lamp

What forms at divergent plate boundaries?

new oceanic lithosphere

Alfred Wegener included all of the following lines of evidence as supporting his "continental drift" hypothesis except one. Which was NOT part of Wegener's evidence?

stripes of reverse magnetism on either side of oceanic rides

Which plate boundary is NOT associated with volcanic eruptions?

transform

Depending on the type of plate convergence, different features could result. Examples of these features include volcanic island arcs, continental volcanic arcs, and a collisional mountain chain. Drag and drop each of the following types of features to match the respective geologic formations.

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