HW Chapter 1 Part A
This type of feedback system opposes variations from normal conditions.
(-) feedback
When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of
(-) feedback
__________ feedback control reduces variations away from a desired physiological state.
(-) feedback
An anatomical term that means the same as ventral:
anterior
The directional reference indicated by the arrow is __________ .
anterior
A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the
atomical position
Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?
cardiovascular
Cardiac muscle tissue is part of the ___________.
cardiovascular system
Organ physiology is to ________ as gross anatomy is to ________.
cell physiology; microscopic anatomy
In the embryo, the ventral body cavity develops from the ___________.
coelom
The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called
cytology
The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is to
cytology
Which of these sciences began with the invention of the microscope?
cytology
Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ________ system.
digestive system
The salivary glands and the stomach are organs of the _________ system.
digestive system
The wrist is ________ to the elbow. lateral
distal
The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the
hypothalmus
Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?
important homeostatic system produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time produces effects that last for days or longer produces a more rapid response than the nervous system*** releases chemical messengers called hormones
The chin is ________ to the nose.
inferior
Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system
integumentary
Which of the following organs is located between the peritoneum and the body wall?
kidney
Which of these organs is retroperitoneal in location?
kidney
The lungs are __________ to the heart.
lateral
The term that indicates the sectional plane indicated by the arrow is __________ .
midsaggital
Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the simplest to the most complex?
molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism
If a response decreases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system.
negative
Visceral pericardium is located
on the heart itself.
The heart represents which level of organization?
organ
The study of kidney function is an example of _____________.
organ physiology
Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?
organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular
Which of the following organs is not contained within the abdominal cavity?
ovary
Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in ________ anatomy.
pathological
The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except:
pelvic quadrant
The thoracic cavity contains the
pericardial and pleural cavities.
Identify a structure located within the mediastinum.
pericardial cavity
The heart is located in the ___________.
pericardial cavity
The membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the __________.
peritoneum
The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the
peritoneum
The process of blood clotting represents a ____________
positive feedback
This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal.
positive feedback
A patient placed face down is in the __________ position.
prone
In homeostasis, the sensor that is responsible for detecting changes in the environment is called a(n) ____________ .
receptor
The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ________ anatomy.
surface anatomy
Cardiovascular function is an example of
systemic physiology
The study of the function of specific organ systems is called
systemic physiology
The plane that separates the abdominal and the pelvic cavities is
transverse at the hips
Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?
upper
When standing, the direction of cranial is _________.
upward
The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ________ system.
urinary
The kidneys are part of the __________ system.
urinary system
The diaphragm divides the __________.
ventral body cavity
The layer directly covering the heart is the __________ .
visceral pericardium
The spleen is located in the __________ quadrant.
left upper
Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils?
lymphatic
The heart is ________ to the lungs. medial
medial
Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts?
transverse
Which of the following study methods are useful for anatomy and physiology courses?
Read the lecture sections before class. Develop memorization skills. Do not procrastinate. Devote a block of time for study. All of the answers are correct. ***
An example of a sensor in a negative feedback loop that controls body temperature is __________.
a temperature receptor in the skin
Two perpendicular lines that intersect at the navel form the ____________ .
abdominopelvic quadrants
A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that
all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
Terminologia Anatomica serves as the worldwide standard for __________.
anatomical vocabulary
________ is considered the oldest medical science.
anatomy
The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed
homeostasis
A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n)
effector
The study of the first two months of development is termed
embryology
The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the ________ system.
endocrine
Insulin and other hormones that regulate energy use in the body are produced by the _____________ system.
endocrine system
Which of these organs is in the thoracic cavity?
esophagus trachea thymus All of these organs are in the thoracic cavity.***
Physiology is to __________ as anatomy is to __________.
function; structure
A midsagittal section of the body would pass through the
heart
Visceral pericardium covers the __________.
heart
The study of tissues with a microscope is called __________.
histology
Maintenance of a constant body temperature is an example of __________.
homeostasis
The central idea for understanding body function is the principle of _________.
homeostasis
The central principle of physiology is
homeostasis
The study of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body is called ________ anatomy.
regional anatomy
The trachea belongs to the __________ organ system.
respiratory
Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?
respiratory
In general, the nervous system does each of the following, except
respond rapidly to change. help to maintain homeostasis. direct long-term responses to change.*** interpret sensory information. direct very specific responses.
The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant.
right lower; left lower
The right pleural cavity contains:
right lung
The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant.
righter upper
Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
saggital
The mediastinum
separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity.
which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?
skeletal
An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be
temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.
When referring to an organism, "homeostasis" means __________.
the existence of a stable internal environment
Anatomy is __________.
the study of external body structures the study of internal body structures the oldest medical science All of these answer choices are correct. ***
The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the
thoracic and abdominopelvic.
The diaphragm muscle separates the ________ from the ________.
thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity
While standing erect, the direction of caudal is
toward the heel
