HW/ch18

In platelet plug formation, a large mass of platelets ________ and undergo degranulation.

aggregate

A simple protein that makes up approximately 58% of the plasma proteins. Many act as transport molecules

albumin

Protein that maintains osmotic pressure

albumin

Two of the chains are _____ and two are beta proteins.

alpha

Transports lipids

alpha and beta globulin

Blood contains numerous _________ red blood cells in a featureless matrix, called _________.

biconcave, plasma

Like red blood cells, the white blood cells are formed from the stem cells of the _____ ______.

bone marrow

Blood is located within the _____________ system where it functions in the transport of nutrients, gases, wastes, and other biologically relevant molecules.

cardiovascular

Coagulation finishes the process by clotting the blood and protecting the body from excess blood loss.

coagulation

The typical WBC has a lifespan of a couple of _____.

days

The numerous red cells are also called _____________. These cells are unique because they lack nuclei.

erythrocytes

When detected ___________ is produced and secreted.

erythropoietin

A protein that forms blood clots

fibrin

Helps with blood clotting

fibrinogen

The structure of hemoglobin consists of ____ chains.

four

A type of antibody for defense

gamma globulin

A simple protein that makes up approximately 38% of the plasma proteins. Many act as part of the immune system

globulin

Approximately 46% of the total blood volume

hematocrit

Each of the protein chains are conjugated to a nonprotein _____ group.

heme

Approximately 16 grams (g)/100 mL of blood

hemoglobin

This group contains a(n) ____ ion in the center.

iron

This process releases _____ to be stored in the liver and bile pigments to be excreted.

iron

There are smaller numbers of larger white cells with large, multilobed nuclei called _________, or white blood cells.

leukocytes

When they die, they are destroyed by _______________ in the liver and spleen.

macrophages

There are about five ______ red blood cells in each microliter of blood.

million

These cells are produced by the bone marrow and have a lifespan of 3 to 4 ________.

months

Thus the correction of hypoxemia is controlled by a ______ feedback loop.

negative

Waste produced in metabolism and amino acids

nonprotein nitrogenous substances

There are four of these groups that will bind ______ for delivery to body tissues.

oxygen

This will result in an increase of _______ transport throughout the body.

oxygen

The liquid portion of blood connective tissue

plasma

Used and produced during cellular respiration

plasma gases

Vitamins, lipids, sugars, amino acids transported to cells for use in metabolic processes

plasma nutrients

250,000-400,000 per microliter of blood

platelet

Tiny cell fragments; making a negligible contribution to plasma volume; are involved in blood clotting

platelets, thrombocytes

The hormone will stimulate the red bone marrow to _______ RBCs.

produce

____ blood cells are the most common cells found in blood.

red

About 95% of the volume of the formed elements; transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

red blood cells, erythrocytes

Approximately 5 million cells per microliter (μL) of blood

red blood count

Plasma without the clotting factors

serum

There are approximately 5 to 10 ________ white blood cells per microliter of blood.

thousand

There are _______ hemostatic mechanisms.

three

Hypoxia is inadequate oxygen ________ and can be detected by the kidneys and liver.

transport

First, _______ spasm constricts the broken blood vessel, reducing hemorrhage.

vascular

______ blood cells are responsible for the defense system in the body.

white

Most of the remaining 5% of the volume of the formed elements; are involved in immunity

white blood cells, leukocytes

Approximately 7000 cells per microliter of blood

white blood count