IAF 253 Final Exam

Human Development Index

Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy

nuclear utilization theorists

NUTS

chemical weapons convention

(1992) an agreement that bans the production and possession of chemical weapons and includes strict verification provisions and the threat of sanctions against violators and nonparticipants in the treaty

protecting markets

(3 basic state approaches to development) autarky and infant industry protection policies

enhancing value of raw materials

(3 basic state approaches to development) countries band together that have the same raw materials to have more trade power by fixing prices-- example is OPEC

international commodity agreements

(3 basic state approaches to development) states band together and also with consumer countries to fix prices to help stabilize prices and create predictability

pre modern

(fractured world type of state) failed states

post modern

(fractured world type of state) regional groups take power from states; regional groupings

modern

(fractured world type of state) westphalian world; nationalism is strong

bi polar world

(vision of the future) China and the US as competing superpowers; cold war period set a new precedent for future orientations of the world

democratic peace

(vision of the future) democracy will be the dominant form of world governments; democracies don't go to war so there will be international peace; idea of Immanuel Kant

clash of civilizations

(vision of the future) political scientist Samuel Huntington's controversial thesis than in the 21st century the globe's major civilizations will conflict with one another, leading to anarchy and warfare similar to that resulting from conflicts between states over the past 500 years; as many as 11 civilizations in the world; globalization changes the context under which ethnic and cultural conflict arises

geo economic competition

(vision of the future) regional economic blocs that compete; military power is not important, "primacy of regionalism over globalization"

multi power world

(vision of the future) return to the "default" of world history similar to the Concert of Europe; top 20 or so countries keep each other in check

fractured world

(vision of the future) stages of developed states interact; pre modern, modern and post modern states

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

1968 agreement that stopped and monitored the spread of nuclear weapons to countries who did not have the bomb.

china and india

1st and 2nd most populated countries

regional conflicts and terrorist groups

2 biggest fears today when it comes to warfare

india and china

2 countries in BRICS that are not even allies

different interests and governmental structures

2 largest problems that keep BRICS from working together effectively

detroit and leningrad

2 most likely targets in the US and USSR for nuclear attacks

WW1 and after ww2

2 periods in which there was basically no trade

more productive, develop the middle class which will push for democracy

2 ways international business in developing countries has positive impacts

protecting markets, enhancing value of raw materials, international commodity agreements

3 basic state approaches to development

import quotas, government domestic-only purchases, safety and technical requirements

3 examples of non-tariff barriers to trade

intellectual property rights, democracy, human rights

3 important principles of BW institutions

exploit cheap labor, bad for environment, human rights

3 ways international business in developing countries has negative impacts

individual actors, absolute gains, minimal government involvement, free trade makes us better off

4 tenets of liberal internationalist views on trade

governments should be involved in the market, strong central government matters, protect domestic business, dangerous to be too dependent

4 tenets of realist views on trade

can't control the territory, can't maintain an army, can't uphold rule of law, can't offer public services, civil war

5 conditions that lead to failed states

geo economic competition, multi power world, bi polar world, democratic peace, clash of civilizations, fractured world

6 visions of the future

mutually assured destruction

A doctrine of military strategy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides would effectively result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender.

autarky

A policy of self-reliance, avoiding or minimizing trade and trying to produce everything one needs (or the most vital things) by oneself.

napoleonic wars

A series of wars fought between France (led by Napoleon Bonaparte) and alliances involving England and Prussia and Russia and Austria at different times (1799-1812).

deterrence

An effort to preserve the status quo through the threat of force

brazil, russia, india, china, south africa

BRICS countries

world bank

BW institution that focuses on development

international monetary fund

BW institution that focuses on international monetary stability

undervalues

China ___________ its currency so that its products are cheaper internationally

millennium development goals

Eight goals adopted by the U.N. in 2002 to reduce disparities between developed and developing countries by 2015. 0.7% of industrial states' GDP to go to developing nations cut extreme poverty by 50%

Bretton Woods System

The economic order negotiated among allied nations at New Hampshire in 1944 which led to a series of cooperative arrangements involving a commitment to relatively low barriers to international trade and investment.

privatization of war

The idea that states no longer have a monopoly on the effective use of violence. As technology advances, private parties have greater and greater capacities to wage war and engage in violence.

soft balancing

The use of diplomacy, international institutions and international law to constrain the hegemon

beijing consensus

an alternative to the Washington Consensus; experimenting with economic policies in state capitalism; government plays a more active role in picking economic winners and losers

colonial legacy

dependency theories of country development emphasize a ________ __________ as a barrier to growth

total per capita

developed countries want to reduce _______ pollution while developing countries want to reduce ___________ pollution

externalities

economic side effects or byproducts that affect an uninvolved third party and that can be negative or positive

adam smith and david ricardo

economists of the Scottish Enlightenment, pioneered the idea of comparative advantage and emphasized free trade benefits

Talils in sri lanka

first suicide bombers in history

decreased increased

inequality between states has __________ (realists emphasize), but inequality within states has _______ (marxists emphasize)

more turn

issue with environmental programs for emissions is that past huge emitters are now ___________ efficient than developing countries who feel that it is "their _______" to pollute

washington consensus

label used to refer to the following fundamental principles of free trade: 1)that free trade raises the well-being of all countries by inducing them to devote their resources to production of those goods they produce relatively most efficiently; and 2) that competition through trade raises a country's long-term growth rate by expanding access to global technologies and promoting innovation

new

modern nuclear treaties tend to prevent _____ countries from getting nuclear technology, not disarming current nuclear powers

China, France, Russia, UK, US, india, pakistan, north korea trying

nuclear states

populism

political ideology that supports the concerns of ordinary people-- increasingly common for the heads of state to be this way

tragedy of the commons

situation in which people acting individually and in their own interest use up commonly available but limited resources, creating disaster for the entire community

GATT WTO

the _________ was replaced by the _________ in 1995 as the international institution for trade regulation

2050

the earliest year scientists predict the ozone layer will be repaired by

20 3000

there were ______ terrorists and ________ deaths on 9/11

nuclear, chemical, biological

types of WMDs

pre world war 1 global empires, post world war 2, post 2000

waves/periods of heavy globalization

general agreement on tariffs and trade

what GATT stands for

trade protectionism

when it coms to international economics, liberalism emphasizes _________ while realism champions _____________

UK

who controlled the first wave of globalization

US

who controlled the second wave of globalization

private official

________ sources of foreign aid are now much more common than _________ sources

Nuclear Utilization Theory (NUT)

a body of strategic thought that claimed deterrent threats would be more credible if nuclear weapons were made more usable