IB English B - Text Types

Diary Entry

- Daily routine's not enough - A good diary entry should contain thoughts, feelings, reflections, in secret, in confidence - Diaries are private - The 'direct address' technique allows you to talk to your diary as 'you' - The writer's opinions give structure to the writing rather than the events themselves - Start with a phrase or exclamation or rhetorical question to focus the reader on the main event you wish to relate - The language and ideas should sound fresh/spontaneous - Basic rules of paragraphing apply - Finish with a final thought or question - 1st person perspective - Writing in character, reflect on the personality/mood of the diary writer - Key tenses - narrative tenses (past/present perfect/conditionals)

Informative + persuasive writing

- Explains how to make or produce something - Instructions can be set of procedures such as a recipe, or guidelines - Set out in a logical step-by-step fashion to enable the reader to complete something successfully - Giving instruction : writing in the role of "expert" - Address the readers directly but politely - Make sure your instructions are clear - Different strengths for the advice you want to give so you may want to qualify your verbs (may, might, could) - Instructions are clearly based on a timeline - Problem-driven - Title : explain what your are writing about / include key words / alert reader to the content / it will helps the reader decide whether it will help them or not - Introduction : incude topic discussed / give a list of the ingredients or equipments required - Main body : give reader a roadmap to follow / body is the instructions / plan section by sketching a flow chart to make sure you have everything in order - Conclusion : tell the reader what they can do once they finish making the product / if you think instructions are complicated, you might state how to get further help

Proposal

- Formal - Informative - Impersonal - Written to provide suggestions or plans - Precise - Developed using headings and sub-headings - Written to gain approval or to persuade the recipient to take action - State the aim of the proposal in the introduction - Clarify each of the aspects, suggestions, or points under a separate heading or sub-heading - Conclude with a general comment, opinion or assessment - Before your start, ask yourself again : - to whom am i writing? - what am i writing? - why am i writing? - a proposal = persuade a sponsor to fund a project - audience : - individuals - business - organisation - Introduction - identify the aim of the project - state the problem - why a sponsor should give you funding - Main body - what, whom, by how much and when - identify the short-term/long-term obj - Timetable : - how long tasks will take - budget : - overall cost (salaries, travel costs...) - Conclusion : - emphasise benefits - social background

Blog Entry

- Public (not private) - At HL level, your blog should focus on a specific topic (topic-based) rather than a series of events - It's important to have a clear point of view - You can address your audience directly - You can ask readers to respond to your ideas - More formal register than a diary (but keep it personal nonetheless) - Narrative-driven or thesis-driven (this king of blog may follow essay conventions - e.g. thesis, paragraphs with topic sentences related to thesis, final thought/conclusion) → more informative/opinionated - Both blog types share one important aspect : reflection. Your opinions, reflections and feelings should be convened to your reader - Narrative-driven blog : past tenses, time connectives, you can be quite chatty and informal, used descriptive details use thoughts/reflections - When writing up conversations, use reported speech

Argumentative State

- State your organised thoughts about a topic - Communicate your ideas clearly - Persuade your audience that your opinions and facts are reliable - Tone - formal/academic or personal/anecdotal - If writing about an idea ; use a 3rd person. Use a thesis-driven structure. Cite evidences : events&figures - If writing to make a point and to relate a personal experience use the 1st person. Use a narrative driven structure. At the end it's usual to explain how this made you come to some conclusions. Doesn't necessarily have a thesis but has an opening statement + conclusion - 3/4 supporting ideas - Thesis-driven structure : - question - intro & thesis - supporting paragraphs (point, evidence, explanation) - conclusion/final thoughts - Introduction : - introduction sentence linked to the question - thesis a sentence that includes your main idea (this should be a provable statement) - The main body : - divide your essay into a series of supporting points - each one should help you prove your thesis - focus on a single idea that supports your thesis - express each point clearly in a topic sentence - Conclusion : - add some sentences that emphasise the importance of your thesis - state why your thesis is important - final thought

Interview

- Thesis-driven : start with an idea and structure the questions to prove your point - therefore, before the interview decide which topics you would like the interviewer to talk about - Problem-driven structure - There are no fixed tules for structuring the interview but it makes sense to start with general questions and move to more specific ones - Avoid 'closed' questions (questions that require a yes/no answer), ask open questions instead - Introduction : establish rapport with interviewer - The main body - ask less sensitive questions first and then move on the specifics - e.g. first ask about facts - move on the questions about the present, then work into the past or future - next, ask questions about matters such as feelings, perceptions and conclusions - Conclusion : - your last question could allow the respondent to provide info about future plans - thank the respondent - Use complete, grammatically correct sentences

Review

- Your opinions should be based on evidence : facts and details - Think about the type of mass audience and type of publication you're writing for - Depending on the above, you can either use a formal (magazine) or a familiar style (school paper) - If your review is to sound authentic you've to get the register right - You can sound smart/cleaver and yet be quite formal in your language - Review of films/books are written in the past tense - Review of an event are written in the past tense Structure of film review : - thesis-driven : starts with an opinion and supports it - grap the readers' attention with some information or question to connect them to the film - Introduce them to the film (name of film, type of film, the stars, basic settings) - Describe the plot and action in the present tense - do not reveal the ending - Analyse the film, talk about director/actors, good things, bad things - consider the acting, direction, costume design, photography, music - Recommend the film to your audience Structure of a book review : - Describe and evaluate the quality, meaning and significance of a book - Don't retell the plot or spoil in the ending

Brochure, Flyer

Advertisement Simple & attractive Key message Informative: satisfy curiosity, facts Persuasive: convince audience to reach certsin conclusions. Instructional: ask people to take action. Warnings, used by authorities. Headline: title, summarized, attractive. Purpose and message. Sub headings: separate ideas. Short paragraphs, bullet points, benefits.. Close: what to do next.

Written Correspondence (Formal Letter)

Apply, comment, complain, explain, enquire, persuade, request. Intro:title or name of person. Dear.... State purpose. Paragraphs: PEE. Point Example Explanation. Conclusion: thank reader.

Written Correspondence (Informal Letter)

Date Greeting Closing salutation Signature

Guidelines

Descriptive Organization Order Define specific terms

News Report

Headline Standfirst: introducing line By: author and place Lead paragrah answer 5ws: what when who where why Explanatory paragraph Background paragraph Final paragraph: anticipate events or compare with other stories. *quotes

Magazine Article

Opinions and ideas Personal comment Title or headline (grab attention) Introduction: capture attention Body: one sided or balanced approach Conclusion: sum up article Recommendation

Instructions

Title Intro: topic, background, materials Body: steps in order, describe objects, define. FLOW CHART Conclusion: what to do once finished, what to expect, further help.

Official Report

Two types of report : - Observation - the police report (narrative-driven) - Evaluation report - problem-driven - purpose : to inform : - problem - action(s) - further steps - problem - solution(s) - recommendations - Reports require careful planning - Keep in mind what the reader needs to know - Anticipate and answer clearly and questions 1 - define the problem 2 - present the info : decline, categorise, compare, priority 3 - Analyse the information 4 - write your conclusion - Very formal tone - Straightforward langage - Use the passive, not the active voice - Evaluation report - problem-driven - purpose : to inform