IB SL Biology 1.1 and 1.2 Cell Structure & Function

What does the term "prokaryote" mean?

"Before Nucleus"

An important function of the golgi apparatus is to 1. package and transport proteins. 2. translate the DNA code into proteins. 3. break down proteins. 4. synthesize proteins. 5. produce and package fats.

1

Flattened sacks of membranes involved in the packaging and export of molecules synthe- sized in the cell are known as 1. chromosomes. 2. Golgi bodies. 3. vacuoles. 4. microbodies. 5. pinocytic vesicles.

2

Most bacterial cells are 1. as large as an average eukaryotic cell. 2. one-tenth the size of an average eukaryotic cell. 3. twice the size of an average eukaryotic cell

2

The type of cell that always lacks a cell wall is the 1. plant 2. animal 3. fungal 4. bacterial 5. prokaryotic

2

Which of the following is not visible by use of a light microscope? 1. paramecium 2. large virus 3. red blood cell 4. bacterium 5. eukaryotic nucleus

2

Which of the following cellular components is involved in protein synthesis? 1. plasmodesmata 2. Golgi vesicles 3. rough ER 4. lysosomes

3

Which of the following characteristics found in a structure indicates that it is alive? A. The presence of genetic material B. The presence of a lipid bilayer C. Metabolism D. Movement

C

State the organelle Structure: Double membrane containing layers of membranes and the pigment chlorophyll. Function: Photosynthesis

Chloroplast

State the organelle Structure: Large, folding membrane structure found close to the nucleus, with ribosomes attached to the surface. Function: Transport of functions, sER synthesis of lipids, rER synthesis of proteins

ER

Define: large, more complex properties emerge from the interaction of many smaller pieces.

Emergent Properties

State the organelle Structure: Large, folded membrane structure found close to the plasma membrane, often with vesicles budding of the outer edge. Functions: Process and packages proteins into vesicles for export.

Golgi Apparatus

State the organelle. Structure: Spherical organelles surrounded by aa single membrane, counting digestive enzymes. Function: Digestion of structures and molecules that are not needed in the cell.

Lysosome

State the 7 functions of life (M,R,H,G,R,E,N)

Metabolism, Response, Homeostasis, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition

State the organelle Structure: Organelles surrounded by two membranes, the inner of which is folded inwards. Function: ATP Production/site of respiration.

Mitochondrion

Give an example of multinucleated cells

Muscle Fibers, Fungal Hyphae

State the organelle. Structure: Region of the cell containing chromosomes, surrounded by a double membrane, in which there are pores. Function: Storage and protection of genetic information in chromosomes.

Nucleus

State the organelle. Structure: Small spherical subunit consisting of two subunits, some attached to membranes, others free. Function: Protein synthesis

Ribosome

Identify the organelle that is absent in a prokaryotic cell. 1. endoplasm reticulum 2. ribosomes 3. cell wall 4. plasma membrane 5. DNA

1

The electron microscope can magnify an object 1. tens of thousand of times. 2. hundreds of thousands of times. 3. one hundred times. 4. one thousand times. 5. ten times.

1

The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the 1. nucleus. 2. mitochondria. 3. plasma membrane. 4. nucleolus. 5. Golgi apparatus.

1

The overall shape of a cell is determined by its 1. cytoskeleton. 2. cell membrane. 3. endoplasmic reticulum. 4. nucleus. 5. cytosol.

1

The rough ER is the portion of the ER that 1. has ribosomes attached to it. 2. is connected to the Golgi apparatus. 3. is the site of steroid synthesis. 4. is older and was once the smooth ER. 5. lacks ribosomes.

1

What cannot be observed with a light micro- scope? 1. ribosomes and mRNA 2. living cells 3. the real colors of the specimens 4. bacterial and plant cells 5. actively dividing animal cells

1

Which of the following is not present in all eukaryotic cells? 1. cell wall 2. Golgi bodies 3. endoplasmic reticulum 4. plasma membrane 5. ribosome

1

How does the surface area-to-volume ratio of a 1-mm cube compare to the surface area-to- volume ratio of a 3-mm cube? 1. Increasing the volume increases the ra- tio. 2. The 3 mm cube has a higher ratio. 3. The ratio decreases as the cube becomes larger. 4. The ratio increases as the cube becomes larger. 5. The ratio does not change.

3

Which of the following organelles contains DNA? I) ribosomes; II) mitochondria; III) chloroplasts. 1. II only 2. I, II and III 3. II and III only 4. I only 5. III only

3

From the following list, choose the kingdom called prokaryotic. I) plants; II) fungi; III) animals; IV) bacteria. 1. II and III only 2. III only 3. I only 4. IV only

4

Which of the following is found in prokaryotic as well as in animal cells? 1. mitochondrion 2. nucleolus 3. tonoplast 4. plasma membrane

4

As a tadpole develops into an adult frog, tail cells are destroyed in a controlled, genetically programmed way by enzymes in 1. ribosomes. 2. centrioles. 3. peroxisomes. 4. centrosomes. 5. lysosomes.

5

Of the following plant cell structures, which is most likely to have the greatest volume? 1. Ribosome 2. Lysosome 3. Chromosome 4. Glyoxysome 5. Vacuole

5

Prokaryotic cell movement is attributed to 1. ribosomes. 2. flagella. 3. capsules. 4. the nucleoid area. 5. pili.

5

What is not bounded by membranes? 1. microbody 2. endoplasmic reticulum 3. Golgi body 4. nucleus 5. nucleoid

5

Which cell organelle extracts energy from the breakdown products of carbohydrates such as glucose? 1. endoplasmic reticulum 2. nucleus 3. chloroplast 4. golgi body 5. mitochondrion

5

Which of the following pairs does not match? 1. cell membrane : lipid bilayer 2. cytoskeleton : microtubules 3. nucleus : DNA replication 4. nucleolus : ribosomal RNA 5. lysosome : protein synthesis

5

Which postulate is not part of the modern "cell theory" first stated by Schlieden and Schwann? 1. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell. 2. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 3. Cells are the smallest living things. 4. Cells vary in size and shape. 5. All cells need oxygen.

5