ICT-IGCSE-CHAPTER 1

what is robotics used for

-dangerous jobs such as bomb disposal -exploring extreme environments such as volcanoes -repetitive manufacturing jobs such as welding -moving heavy objects such as large engines

laptop computer disadvantages

-easy to steal -limited battery -keyboard an pointing device awkward to use

Graphical User Interface advantages

-easy to use - do not have to learn commands -good help facilities provided

What is AI used for?

-enhance video games and computer tactics -help decision making steps in expert systems -make robots to imitate human behaviour -understand different human languages

the impact of robotics on everyday life

-increased personal time since robots can takeover -increased manufacturing efficiency -safer working environments

Comand Line Interface advantages(4)

-knowing the correct commands -uses less RAM -cheap monitors can be used -does not require windows to wrok

desktop disadvantages (3)

-not portable -wiring clutters desk space -necessary to copy files as they arent portable

laptop computer advantages

-portable -no trailing wires -full advantage of wifi -can link into any multimedia system

Graphical User Interface disadvantages

- large amount of hard disk space -more RAM -more processing power -slow for experienced programmers

Smartphone advantages

-smallest lightest most portable -integrated keyboard -the least expensive device -practical for day to day use

tablet computer

A small, portable computer with a touch-sensitive screen that can be used as a writing or drawing pad.

CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor)

A volatile form of memory that uses a small battery to provide it with power to keep the data in memory even when the computer is turned off. It stores settings that are used by the BIOS.

system software

The set of programs that enables a computer's hardware devices and application software to work together; it includes the operating system and utility programs.

virtual reality

When computers create an artificial environment that users can virtually interact with

computer assisted translations

When human translators use computer software to help in the translation process • Can reduce translation time • May not be 100% accurate

impact of biometrics in our daily life

-airport security -increased security -reduced vehicle theft since fingerprint locks are used -more secure mobile devices

Comand Line Interface disadvantages(4)

-can be confusing -if there is a spelling error the command will fail -if you mistype it is necessary to start all over agin -large number of commands need to be learned

impact of quantum cryptography in our daily life

-secure voting -secure communication -secure bank transactions -secure personal information

Immediate Access Store

This holds the data and programs needed at that instant by the Control Unit.

backing store media

hardware containing data eg.hard disk

low vision enhancements

video projected inside a headset in front of the users eyes brings the object closer for the viewer

the impact of AI on our daily life

-predict hazardous weather and signal warnings automatically -taking over menial tasks for humans increasing our leisure time -safer automated travel -increases home saftey -improved medical care

tablet computer advantages

-small light and portable -built-in camera -the touchscreen can be used with a pen -long battery life

Smartphone disadvantages

-small screen difficult to use -not as powerful as other devices -often has the lowest battery life -small size makes it easy to steal/lose

desktop advantages(3)

-spare parts standardized results in low costs -tend to have better specifications -large casing allows good dissipation of heat build up

Input devices

A device used to provide information to a computer. A keyboard is an example of an input device.

software

A program or instructions that give directions to the computer you cannot physically touch it .relates to ideas and instructions for using physical components.

BIOS (basic input/output system)

A program stored on a chip on the motherboard that's used to start up the computer. IT stores date, time and system configuration .

smartphone

Any electronic handheld device that functions as a mobile phone as well as a personal digital assistant (PDA) or other information appliance.

Components of CPU

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), immediate access store (IAS)

ROM (Read Only Memory)

It is non-volatile memory. It is also a storage medium that is used with computers and other electronic devices. As the name indicates, data stored in it may only be read. Permanent Storage.

Internal hardware devices

Processor (CPU) Motherboard Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM) Video and Sound Card Internal Hard Disk Drive

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Random Access Memory. IS an internal chip where data is stored temporarily, written to and read from larger than ROM ,stores anything that needs to be changed Volatile/temporary memory; erases when the computer is turned off.

Application Software

Software that performs some useful task such as word processing or playing a game for a user.

Secondary/Backing Storage

Storage devices and media that are not constantly accessible by a computer system.

3D and holographic imaging

Techniques where images are made to appear three dimensional and have actual depth by taking two dimensional images of the same objects taken from two different angles and putting them together one on top of the other.

Quantum Cryptography

Technology that allows messages and data to be sent with complete privacy by encrypting the data using quantum physics methods instead of mathematical. This makes the codes impossible to break through.

Microprocessor

The central processing unit that is generally made from a single integrated circuit. it is used instead of the cpu

Control Unit (CU)

The part of the CPU that controls the flow of data

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The part of the central processing unit that performs arithmetic computations and logical operations.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Type of user interface that allows a user to interact with software using text, graphics, and visual images, such as icons.

Comand Line Interface

a software used by technicians, it works by typing commands to tell the computer what to do. accesses everything

artificial intelligence

a subdiscipline of computer science that attempts to simulate human thinking

output device

allows the user to view or listen to the data a computer processes such as a monitor, printer, headphones, or speakers

Night vision enhancement (NVE)

amplifies visible and infrared light. Light passed through image intensifier tube where light is converted to electrons the amplified and then light up screen with phosphor dust

Types of Computers

desktop-laptop-tablet-smartphone

External hardware devices

monitor keyboard mouse printer external storage devices

emerging technology

new technologies that are currently developing or will be developed over the next five to ten years and which will substantially alter (change) the business and social environment

Uses of virtual reality

o Allow architects to walk around a virtual version of their design o Training soldiers for combat by allowing them to fight against virtual enemies o Training surgeons by allowing them to operate on virtual patients o Playing games and enhance the level of immersion

general VR equpiment

o Eye goggles that produce 3D images to develop the artificial environment o Special gloves or controllers to perform precise actions inside the simulation o Headphones to control what is heard in the virtual world o Powerful computer to run the entire VR system in real time

impact of VR in everyday life

o Improved medical surgeons/soldiers o Stronger buildings o Treatment of phobias as certain situations can be treated using simulations o More realistic education as students can learn in a more interactive environment

impact of 3D in everyday life

o Improved security since majority of credit/ID cards & bank notes use holograms to prevent forgery o Better movie experiences since 3D viewing can provide a more immersive experience for the audience o Greater data storage since holographic layers can potentially decrease the thickness of disc storage

impact of CAT in daily life

o More accurate documents since most software can automatically detect errors o More multilingual society since anyone with an internet connection can now essentially learn multiple languages using translators o Quicker translations

common CAT tools

o Spell checkers o Translation memory software o Language search-engine software

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

processing done by central processing unit.

Robotics

programmed machinery widely used to do physically demanding tasks can be automated or manually operated

Backing store device

reader or recorder eg. hard disk drive

laptop computer

refers to computers where monitor, keyboard, pointing device and processor together in a single unit

desktop

refers to general purpose computers, pc refers to IBM compatible computers, distinguishing them from macs,made up of seperate monitor, keyboard, mouse and processing unit

Internal/Main Memory

stores all data: application software, operating system, data files consists of ROM and RAM, they are both integrated chips

Hardware

tangible physical components of a computer. you can feel it or touch it eg monitor printer processor

Biometrics

the identification of a user based on a physical characteristic, such as a fingerprint, voice pattern, or the iris or retina of the eye. these things are unique to everyone

operating system

the software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals.