II Lecture Chapter 18 Short Answer: Diagnosis and Preparation for Surgery pp 398

List two advantages of three-dimensional imaging

1. soft tissue injuries or congenital defects 2. reconstructive procedures

Define autogenous, and list two possible donor sites for autogenous bone grafts.

Autogenous means transplanted from one part of the patient's body to another. Autogenous bone grafts are harvested from the iliac crest, ribs, or calvarial bone.

Define cerebrospinal rhinorrhea.

Cerebral spinal fluid leaking from the nose which may indicate dural tears.

What is the importance of having the X-rays in the operating room prior to and during the surgical procedure?

Consultation with the surgeon in advance of the procedure about the specific procedural details and possible variations will help the team prepare for the wide range of possibilities. X-rays are useful during reconstruction.

What are dental caries, and what are their cause?

Dental caries is the decay of the tooth enamel. The metabolic activity of bacteria in the mouth, such as Streptococcus mutans, creates an acidic environment, lowering the pH. Lower than 6.5-7.5 the enamel begins to demineralize, and decay begins.

Why is a local anesthetic with epinephrine often injected at the operative site preoperatively when the patient is under general anesthesia?

Epinephrine may be used alone or in conjunction with general anesthesia to reduce bleeding and minimize postoperative pain.

List two options for sealing an intranasal dural tear.

Placing a suture or by sealing off the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak with a fat, fascia, or muscle graft. 1. suture or seal off with fat fascia or muscle graft 2. use rigid fixation or bone graft packing

In addition to radiographic studies (including three-dimensional imaging), what other items may be useful to the surgeon during facial reconstruction surgery?

Pretrauma photographs and dental records can aid the surgeon in determining the proper placement of fractured facial bones.

What specific radiographic view is used to detect a fracture of the frontal bone?

Waters view