Imaging CADS III

Indications for breast MRI are the following except a. women with dense breast tissue b. evaluation of extent of the disease with recently diagnosed breast cancer c. silicone implant rupture d. BRCA mutations

A

The indications for high-risk screening mammogram prior to age 40 are the following except a. mother diagnosed with postmenopausal breast cancer b. BRCA mutations c. mother diagnosed with premenopausal breast cancer d. history of lymphoma at young age 8 years post chest radiation therapy

A

. What is the correct sequence of sinus development? a. Maxillary/ethmoid-frontal-sphenoid b. Maxillary/ethmoid-sphenoid-frontal c. Frontal-sphenoid-maxillary/ethmoid d. Sphenoid-maxillary/ethmoid-frontal

B

Which is the best choice for the indications of screening mammogram? a. Asymptomatic women without high-risk factors starting at age 30 annually b. Asymptomatic women without high-risk factors starting at age 40 annually c. Asymptomatic women without high-risk factors starting at age 50 biannually d. Women with 1-week breast pain

B

. Indications for diagnostic mammogram include the following except a. recent lumpectomy new baseline b. 40-year-old women with bloody nipple discharge c. 50-year-old women with history of benign breast biopsy d. 50-year-old women with recent unilateral skin indentation

C

1. What is the most appropriate imaging modality to examine facial fractures? a. Radiographs b. Ultrasound c. CT d. MRI

C

8. Which one of the following is more suggestive malignancy? a. Circumscribed low-density oval mass on mammogram b. Circumscribed isoechoic oval mass on ultrasound c. Irregular high density mass with spiculated borders on mammogram d. Lobulated anechoic mass with septations and posterior enhancement on ultrasound

C

The differential diagnosis of the circumscribed solid mass on ultrasound are the following except a. fibroadenoma b. phyllodes tumor c. simple cyst d. medullary carcinoma

C

Which one of the following statement about male gynecomastia is true? a. It carries increased risk for malignancy b. It has to be bilateral c. It can be due to certain medications, liver disease, or testicular tumor d. Only in elderly

C

The advantage of digital mammogram versus filmscreen mammogram includes the followings except a. use computer-assisted diagnostic techniques (CAD) to aid in detecting abnormalities b. better detecting breast cancer in pre- or perimenopausal women c. rapid transmission of the imaging to another location and storage of the images electronically d. better detecting breast cancer in women with fatty breas

D

What is the best initial imaging modality for 29-yearold women with breast lump? a. Diagnostic mammogram b. Breast MRI c. Tomosynthesis d. Breast ultrasound

D

Which one of the following calcifications is most suspicious for ductal carcinoma in situ? a. Round and punctate microcalcifications b. Dystrophic calcifications c. Amorphous microcalcifications d. Clustered pleomorphic microcalcifications

D

. True or false: Diagnostic radiation exposure in adults over the age of 70 years is likely to cause an excessive incidence of cancer.

False

Brain tumors in children are usually primary and in the cortex of the brain

False

Current CT techniques only allow horizontal sectioning of the brain unless the head is repositioned

False

Flair (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) images are the most sensitive diagnostic imaging tool for acute stroke

False

MRI is highly useful for demonstrating bone defects and fractures of the calvarium

False

Most babies with macro-cranium (head circumference above 95th percentile) need evaluation for hydrocephalus

False

The theory for contrast enhancement of brain tumors is caused by hypervascularity

False

True or false: Federal guidelines requiring certification of CT facilities assure compliance with ALARA principles

False

True or false: If you only occasionally perform fluoroscopy in the OR radiation protection equipment is uncomfortable and unnecessary

False

. CT perfusion can only be accurately done on multislice CT devices

True

. True or false: Radiation exposure from a chest radiograph is about quadruple the exposure from living a day on earth.

True

CT of the brain for trauma is usually performed without intravenous contrast

True

Hydrocephalus monitoring, congenital anomaly evaluation, and trauma brain CT usually does not require contrast administration

True

MRI has superior tissue contrast to CT and therefore usually gives a more precise location of a tumor

True

MRI is more sensitive than CT for detection of stroke within the first 24 hours after the onset of symptoms

True

Separate exposures are needed for with and without CT of the brain

True

The most common malignant brain tumor in adult patients is a metastasis

True

The principal reason for immediate CT after stroke symptoms is to exclude brain hemorrhage

True

The principal role of MRI in hydrocephalus is usually in specific initial diagnosis and subsequent monitoring is usually done by MRI

True

True or false for the next 16 questions: Brain CT uses ionizing radiation techniques

True

True or false: Consultation and interpretation are expected services of a Radiology department.

True

True or false: Most humans over the age of 70 years will have at least one incidental finding on an abdomen and pelvis CT.

True

. Hip dislocations carry a risk of a. osteonecrosis b. femoral nerve injury c. vascular injury d. infection

a

A fracture of the pars interarticularis is called a. spondylolysis b. spondylolisthesis c. limbus vertebra d. Scheuermann disease

a

A small bone just lateral to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus in an 8-year-old is likely a. an apophysis b. an epiphysis c. a fracture d. a normal variant

a

Gadolinium, used for MRI contrast, acts by a. inducing local T1 shortening in magnetic fields b. absorbing magnetic energy c. balanced outer ring electrons alter precession in a magnetic field d. showing lesions distinctly on T2W images

a

Regarding radiographic contrast, which is/are correct? a. It contains bound iodine molecules b. Low-osmolar compounds (LOCA) are more toxic than high-osmolar compounds (HOCA) c. It should not be used intravascularly d. All of the above

a

Which finding is most common with a shoulder dislocation? a. Anterior location b. Greater tuberosity fracture c. Posterior location d. Glenoid fracture

a

Which of the following radiographic findings would not be associated with a tension pneumothorax? a. Displacement of the heart and mediastinum toward the side of the pneumothorax b. Depression of the ipsilateral diaphragm c. Tracheal deviation away from the side of the pneumothorax d. Pulmonary laceration

a

. Choose all the correct statements from below. a. Majority of pediatric neck masses are benign b. Thyroglossal cyst is paramedian in location c. Branchial cleft cyst is lateral neck in location d. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common pediatric neck neoplasm

all abcd

6. In a patient with a cervical spine injury and neurologic symptoms, the primary reason an MRI may be obtained is to a. determine the extent of fracture b. evaluate the cord for edema or blood c. search for additional fractures d. assess for ligamentous injury

b

An osteoblastic tumor in the spine is most likely due to which of the following? a. Multiple myeloma b. Prostate cancer c. Hemangioma d. Lung cancer

b

Magnetic resonance imaging does not a.. produce images in multiple planes b. use x-ray energy c. produce studies more cheaply than CT d. produce good spatial contrast but poorer tissue contrast than CT

b

The double density sign indicates which of the following? a. Right atrial enlargement b. Left atrial enlargement c. Left ventricular enlargement d. Pulmonary hypertension

b

The most appropriate imaging modality to better evaluate a calcaneal fracture is a. ultrasound b. CT c. MR d. bone scan

b

The most common organism causing discitis is a. Streptococcus b. Staphylococcus c. Mycobacterium d. Enterococcus

b

The second digit of the hand, when starting on the radial side is properly called a. ring finger b. index finger c. long finger d. second finger

b

The silhouette sign refers to a. the presence of air within the mediastinum b. loss of normal radiographic borders due to adjacent areas of abnormal lung or pleural opacity c. enlargement of the cardiac silhouette d. tension pneumothorax

b

Which of the following is a malignant bone tumor? a. Osteoid osteoma b. Multiple myeloma c. Enostosis d. Osteochondroma

b

Which of the following would be the best radiographic sign of postobstructive left lung collapse? a. Total opacification of the left lung b. Bronchial cut-off sign c. Hyperinflation of the contralateral right lung d. Volume loss

b

. In a child, a fracture line extending through the physis into the epiphysis is a Salter-Harris a. I b. II c. III d. IV e. V

c

. Which is the component not affected by tripod fracture of the facial bone? a. Zygomatic arch b. Frontozygomatic suture c. Lamina papyracea d. Maxillozygomatic suture

c

. X-rays are a. images on film b. images on a PACS unit c. electromagnetic waves d. all of the above

c

4. Which cranial suture synostosis is responsible for dolichocephaly? a. Bilateral coronal sutures b. Bilateral lambdoid sutures c. Sagittal suture d. Metopic suture

c

A 65-year-old male presents with an acute myocardial infarction. His first chest radiographs are normal. As this patient goes into congestive heart failure (CHF), the first radiographic evidence of CHF would be a. Kerley lines b. pleural effusions c. cephalad redistribution of blood flow d. vascular congestion

c

A patient presents to the emergency department with suspected neck trauma, the appropriate imaging study is a. lateral radiograph of the cervical spine b. four-view series of the cervical spine c. CT of the cervical spine d. MR of the cervical spine

c

A picture archiving and communications system (PACS) is a. a sophisticated analog device to show highresolution reconstructions b. a billing system for radiology c. a device using Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) protocols d. an audio dictation device

c

An elderly patient with a fall and hip pain has a fracture on radiograph. The next course of action is to a. get an MR imaging study b. obtain a CT scan to evaluate the fracture c. call an orthopedic surgeon d. order a bone scan

c

CR (computed radiography) and DR (direct radiography) are imaging systems that a. do away with the need for film b. facilitate portable techniques c. use a recording phosphor d. record analog images

c

Periarticular osteoporosis, marginal erosions and morning stiffness best describes a. osteoarthritis b. gout c. rheumatoid arthritis d. septic arthritis

c

The pain from a disc herniation may be treated by a. discogram injection b. myelogram injection c. epidural injection d. contrast injection

c

Which term best fits a disc abnormality in which a disc extends beyond expected margin of the annulus by less than 25% circumference and the depth of extension is less than the base of the abnormality? a. Sequestration b. Extrusion c. Protrusion d. Bulge

c

indications for ultrasound include all but which of the following? a. Testicular torsion b. Ovarian cysts c. Pneumonia d. Abdominal aortic aneurysm

c

. A 55-year-old male presents with an anterior mediastinal mass on chest film. Which of the following would not be included in the differential diagnoses? a. Thymoma b. Lymphoma c. Aortic aneurysm d. Pericardial cyst

d

. Bones form by a. endochondral bone formation b. intramembranous bone formation c. periossification bone formation d. a and b e. a and c

d

. The most common cause of scoliosis is a. hemivertebra b. pedicle bars c. radiation in childhood d. idiopathic

d

5. Differential diagnosis of a cystic neck mass in the neck on US examination include following entities except a. venolymphatic malformation b. branchial cleft anomalies c. thyroglossal duct anomalies d. fibromatosis colli

d

A 37-year-old female presents with a solitary pulmonary nodule on her chest film. CT confirms that the nodule is densely calcified. Which of the following would be the best next step in management? a. Follow-up chest film in 6 months b. PET scan to establish the metabolic activity of the lung nodule c. Biopsy d. No additional tests

d

A 47-year-old male presents with a 1.3-cm diameter smoothly marginated pulmonary nodule. Which of the following would be the best next course of action? a. Surgical resection b. Biopsy c. Radiographic surveillance with serial chest films d. Comparison with old films

d

A pulmonary nodule is considered benign if it remains unchanged in size over a surveillance period of how many months? a. 6 months b. 12 months c. 16 months d. 24 months

d

Special MRI sequences to demonstrate specific molecules or activities include a. diffusion-weighted imaging for cytotoxic edema b. functional MRI to demonstrate changes in oxygenation of hemoglobin c. susceptibility MRI to demonstrate tissue iron d. all of the above

d

The basic densities discriminated on a radiograph are a. bone b. water c. air d. all of the above

d

The best study to look at all the internal structures of the knee would be a. radiograph b. ultrasound c. computed tomography d. magnetic resonance imaging

d

The following cervical spine fracture is due to a hyperextension injury a. facet locking b. C5 teardrop fracture c. burst fracture d. hangman fracture

d

A 35-year-old female presents to the emergency room with acute shortness of breath. The attending physician suspects acute pulmonary thromboembolic disease. Which of the chest films finding might be expected? a. A normal chest film b. Pleural effusion c. Hampton hump d. Pulmonary hemorrhage e. All of the above

e

Computed tomography a. was invented by the Beatles b. measures absorbed energy on Hounsfield units c. is an x-ray technique d. a and c only e. b and c only

e