Immunology

Major histocompatiblity complex molecules

a set of cell surface molecules encoded by a large gene family which controls a major part of the immune system in all vertebrates, binds to peptide fragments derived from pathogens and display them on the cell surface for recognition by the appropriate T-cells, mediate interactions of leukocytes, with other leukocytes or with body cells, determines compatibility of donors for organ transplant, as well as one's susceptibility to an autoimmune disease, In humans, the MHC is also called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA).

T cells are-

A type of white blood cell that is of key importance to the immune system and is at the core of adaptive immunity, the system that tailors the body's immune response to specific pathogens.

When bacteria enters the body through a cut in the skin-

Activates a group of proteins called complement, and activates the second line of defense.

A chemical that is produced as a part of the inflammatory response is-

Histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins

second line of defense

Is activated when microbes manage to get inside the body. This is also non-specific as it stops any type of microbe.

Lysozymes

It is a small enzyme that attacks the protective cell walls of bacteria.

A secondary immune response, which occurs when the body is exposed to the same pathogen again, is more rapid and greater in effect than a primary immune response because-

Memory cells come into play

Mucus is produced by (only 1 answer)

Mucous cells/membrane

first line of defense

Non-specific and aims to stop microbes from entering the body. The skin and mucous membranes act as a physical barrier preventing penetration by microbes. Includes physical barrier, chemical barrier, and biological barrier.

A type of human immune system cell that ingests pathogens by phagocytosis is -

Phagocytes, macrophage, protist

Active Immunity

Process through which a being, typically a human or an animal, builds up a specific resistance to a harmful substance. Can also be known as Natural immunity.

A component of the immune systems first line of defense is?

Skin, Mucous membranes, Cilia, Stomach acid

Opsonization

Term that refers to an immune process where particles such as bacteria are targeted for destruction by an immune cell known as a phagocyte . The process of opsonization is a means of identifying the invading particle to the phagocyte.

Phagocytosis

The process by which a cell engulfs a particle or other cell by surrounding it with its cell membrane. Begins as soon as the cell identifies a nearby cell or particle as one that it needs to engulf. Specific form of endocytosis.