India Global test mig
Large iron and steel region of India is centered near this northeastern city
Jamshedpur
Identify 3 environmental issues India needs to address.
There are many environmental issues. A major challenge for India is to clean up and protect its environment. As much as 70 percent of India's surface water may be polluted. Poorly regulated industries and inadequate sewer systems are partly to blame. India's large population has strained the country's land resources. Deforestation, overgrazing, and soil erosion have caused serious environmental damage. In fact, half of India's forests have been cut down since the country became independent. The government does, however, support conservation. It has created 80 national parks, 440 wildlife sanctuaries, and 23 tiger reserves. Once on the brink of extinction, India's tigers now number in the thousands. Their future is not secure, however. Illegal trade in tiger skins and bones continues.
What year?: WW1
1920
List three different groups of people that lived in the Ganges river valley before the colonial era. Where did they migrate from?
The different groups of people that lived in the Ganges River include The Aryans, Dravidians, and the Muslims. The Aryans migrated into India by about 1500 B.C. The Muslims migrated to India in about A.D. 1000. The British migrated to India in the late 1490s.
What problems did the division of the subcontinent create?
The problems that were created by the division include: Panic broke out as some 16 million people fled to the country where their religion held a majority. Perhaps as many as 1 million people died in riots and massacres.
What six climate types are found in India? Identify an area in India where each climate is found. (pg. 556)
They range from a highland climate in the Himalayas to a tropical humid climate along the southwest coast. In the Thar Desert (the northwest), the prevailing dry monsoon winds and high-pressure zone keep the region arid and hot. A tropical humid climate is located in southwest India and in the northeast, bordering the Bay of Bengal. A tropical wet and dry climate is found in central India. An arid climate is located in the northwest of India. A semi arid is located in northwest and south India. There is a humid subtropical climate in northeast India. There is a highland climate along the northern border.
climate in the south coast of Deccan
humid tropical
biggest climate type
wet/dry tropical
What year?: Muslim armies began attacking northwestern India
1000
India located between ___ and ___ degrees north; heavily influenced by
10; 30
What year?: A Muslim kingdom was founded in Delhi
1200
What year?: The Aryan invaders moved into northern India from central Asia
1500 B.C.
What year?: Babur "The Tiger" invaded India; builds the Mughal Empire
1520
What year?: Sepoy Mutiny- a rebellion broke out among the sepoys
1857
What year?: The sepoy mutiny convinced the British gov. to end the East India companies role and to rule India directly
1858
What year?: to avoid civil war, the British gov. divided the colony into two parts: India and Pakistan
1947
monsoons (floods/droughts) as much as ____ inches of rain per year.
400
India is _____% arable
56%
Why is India referred to as a subcontinent?
A subcontinent is a very large landmass that is smaller than a continent. India is referred to as a subcontinent because the world's highest mountains separate India and its neighbors from the rest of Asia and together, these countries form the Indian subcontinent.
Which religious group is the largest minority in India? What other religions are practiced in India?
Islam is the largest minority group in India,. two other religions are Sikhism and jainism.
Large industrial port city located at the mouth of the Ganges River
Kolkata (Calcutta)
India owns these islands located in the Bay of Bengal
Lakshadwee, Andaman Islands, + Nicobar
What year?: Mughal Empire starts declining
1700's
Explain the term, secular.
According to its constitution, India's government is officially Secular. That is, it does not support any one religion, and all faiths are equal before the law. At the same time, religion is a powerful force in Indian society. A large majority of the people take part in religious activity on a daily basis. Some Indian political parties are based on religion. In conclusion, Secular means that India supports all religions, rather than one.
Why does India have so many languages and such a wide range of cultural customs?
India has so many languages and such a wide range of cultural customs because it has so many ethnic groups.
Bodies of water that make India a peninsula
Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, + Bay of Bengal
Which region?: Eastern and Western ghats
Deccan
Which region?: Thar Desert
Gangetic Plain
Waterway that separates India and the island nation of Sri Lanka
Palk Strait
What year?: India is the largest democracy in the world
Todayyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
What year?: Europeans arrived in India to trade, expanding their empires
late 1490's
change of winds; change of air pressure
monsoon
Deccan Plateau
peninsular southern India old and eroded; lava layers; with irrigation grain farming is possible mineral-rich Western and Eastern Ghats on coasts Narrow coastal plains
source of silt
rivers
a climate that is not as dry as arid, but quite close
semi-arid
Gangetic Plain
south of Himalayas; 1500 miles across NE India; World's largest alluvial plain; rich alluvial soils. alluvial layer more than 25,000 feet thick heavily populated; many major cities
City in southern India with a growing computer industry; referred to as the "Silicon Valley" of India
Bangalore
The Ganges River empties into what body of water?
Bay of Bengal
River located in eastern India; flows into the Bay of Bengal through Bangladesh
Brahmaputra
flows from Himalayas to Bay of Bengal through Tibet, India and Bangladesh; joins Ganges to create a huge delta region; heavily populated
Brahmaputra River -
Large port city of southern India; located on the Bay of Bengal; exports textiles, iron and cement
Chennai
What are cottage industries? What types of products are produced in India cottage industries? In its commercial industries?
Cottage Industries are millions of Indians that make a living by working at home in small-scale industries. The products that are produced in India cottage industries include: Silk Fabrics, Carve Wooden Statues, and they make silver and gold lace, as well as many other beautiful handicrafts. India also has large-scale commercial manufacturing. The country's many cotton and woolen mills produce textiles, the leading export. Factories in Kolkata produce Jute, a plant fiber used to make burlap and rope. Factories use the steel from India's own steel mills to make durable goods, such as diesel engines and cars.
1500 miles long across northern India; Hindus believe; river is holy; has healing powers; more than 1 million believers each day; source of fresh water; irrigation; important trade and transportation route; government trying to clean-up pollution some people become ill after bathing in the river
Ganges River
Why do geographers consider India a developing country even though the country's industrial production is among the highest in the world?
Geographers consider India as a developing country even though the country's industrial production is among the highest in the world because it still has many poor residents and poor areas.
Capital of India
New Delhi
Which cooking spice is India's most famous for creating and sharing with the world?
Curry powder is India's most famous spice for creating and sharing with the world.
Which region?: Godarvi
Deccan
Which region?: Narmada
Deccan
Large plateau of central India
Deccan Plateau
What are the three landform regions of the Indian subcontinent? Describe each.
Deccan Plateau, the Gangetic Plain, and the Himalayas. The Himalayas contain Kanchenjunga the third-highest mountain in the world and India's highest point. At lower elevations, there are farms, forests, and steep gorges. The Ganges River begins high in the Himalayas' melting the snow and glaciers. The Deccan Plateau is located south of the Gangetic Plain. It is a peninsula that forms India's third major landform region. Most of its area is a plateau and it is very old and eroded. The newer part is made up of lava layers. Where the volcanic rocks have weathered and irrigation is possible, there are fertile grain fields. The plateaus edges are formed by the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. The Gangetic Plain is a low flat region that stretches about 1,500 miles across northeastern India. Its rich soil was brought down by the mountains by the Ganges River, forming the world's largest alluvial plain. For thousands of years people have settled on the Gangetic Plain to farm.
These two cities create the largest industrial area of northern India
Delhi + New Delhi
Farming accounts for what % of India's GDP? Identify 6 major crops grown in India. In what agricultural crops does India lead the world?
Farming accounts for 25 percent of India's GDP. Six major crops grown in India include: Rice, Wheat, Tea, Sugar Cane, Sorghum, Mangoes, Peanuts, and Sesame Seeds. The agricultural crops that India leads the world in are Peanuts, Sesame Seeds, Tea, and Cotton.
List 5 mineral and natural resources which are abundant in India.
India also has many mineral resources, including the world's fourth-largest coal reserves. There are large deposits of iron ore and bauxite, an aluminum ore, much of which is exported. India has some petroleum deposits, but must import oil to meet its needs. The country's uranium mines support several nuclear power plants. Rivers supply hydroelectric power.
Identify 2 rivers that flow across the Deccan plateau
Godarvi +Krishna
flow east to Bay of Bengal; irrigation and canal system links deltas; rich rice-growing region.
Godavari and Krishna Rivers -
climate in the Himalayas
Highland
Which region?: Ganges
Himalaya
Which region?: Brahmaputra
Himalayas
Which region?: Indus River Valley
Himalayas
large mountain system located on India's northern border with china
Himalayas
What are the origins of Hindu and Hinduism in India?
Hindi is a major language that developed from Sanskrit, which is still used for some religious ceremonies. Hinduism developed from Pantheon, which is all the gods of a religion; came from the Aryans.
What role have India's high mountains played in the forming of the Indo-Gangetic Plain?
India's high mountains have played a role in the forming of the Indo-Gangetic Plain because the plains rich soil was brought down from the mountains by the Ganges River, forming the largest alluvial plain.
What are some ways in which India's market economy is improving? What improvements does India still need to make to increase industrial production?
India's market economy is improving in many ways. Industry requires power. To increase its industrial production, India must increase it's power supply. The country already imports large amounts of oil. India's rivers could supply additional hydropower, but dams can create new problems. To attract more foreign investment, India must strengthen its infrastructure. Airlines, communications systems, railroads, ports, and roads must be improved. These systems are needed to operate factories, move materials and products, and help people do their jobs efficiently. In India, most of these systems lag behind what is available in other countries.
What causes India's monsoons? Explain how the monsoons affect the region.
India's monsoons are caused when a large low-pressure area over interior Asia pulls moist air inland from the Indian Ocean. As the moist air flows inland, it brings rain. The heaviest rains fall where the monsoon meets the Western Ghats and the foothills of the Himalayas. Wet monsoon causes floods and dry monsoon causes droughts.
What are India's two most important resources? What % of land in India is arable?
India's two most important resources include: India's soils and rivers. About 56 percent of land in India is arable.
Why do many people leave the villages of India and move to the big cities? What do they find there?
Many people leave the villages and move to the big cities because they need to find work. Instead of finding work, they find nothing.
Who was Mohandas Gandhi?
Mohanda Gandhi was a young lawyer who led the independence movement.
What % of India's population lives in cities (urban)? Rural?
More than 50% of India's population live in cities (urban Areas). More than 50% of India's population live in rural areas.
India's largest city; important port city on the Arabian Sea
Mumbai
Indian city called the "Hollywood of India"
Mumbai
Deccan Plateau; flows west to Arabian Sea; many dams; irrigation reservoirs but much displacement of people.
Narmada River
India is a stable democratic nation. Most of her political problems have to do with border conflicts with her neighbors. Discuss 2 political conflicts India has with her neighbors.
One political conflict that India has is with Pakistan, ever since the Partition. India and Pakistan have clashed over the region of Kashmir in the far northwest. At the time of the partition, most people in Kashmir were Muslims. However, unrest in the region led Kashmir's ruler to seek a union with India. This decision led to an armed struggle between India and Pakistan over control of the disputed region. Today Pakistan controls the northern and western areas of Kashmir. India controls southern and southeastern Kashmir as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Another conflict is between India's Hindus and Muslims sometimes erupt into violence. Leaders from each group have accused the government of favoring the other. Sikhs have also demanded more political power in Punjab. In the early 1980s, some Sikh extremists began to call for an independent country of their own called Khalistan, or "Land of the Pure." They began a campaign of terrorism against India's government and people. Ethnic groups in other parts of India have also demanded more autonomy, with violence the frequent result.
Identify India's 6 neighboring countries
Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan, + China
Explain the Hindu beliefs of reincarnation, dharma and karma.
Reincarnation is the belief that the soul is reborn again and again in different forms. Depending on how you behave in your previous life, you can either be reincarnated into either a high status or a low status. Dharma is the importance of doing one's duty according to one's station in life. Karma is the positive or negative force caused by a person's actions. Those who fulfill their dharma receive good karma.
In which landform region to the Eastern and Western Ghats belong?
The landform region in which the Eastern and Western Ghats belong is called the Deccan Plateau, and these mountains form the plateau's edges.
Large desert shared by India and Pakistan
Thar Desert
desert that lies in both NW India and Pakistan
Thar Desert
What are the 4 levels of India's caste system? What types of people are assigned to each caste?
The 4 levels of India's caste system include: The Brahmins, the Kshatriyas, the Vaisyas, and the Sudras. The Brahmins were the highest caste. This included, priests and intellectuals. The Kshatriyas include, the warriors. Then, the Vaisyas were the traders and merchants. The Sudras were the farmers and laborers, and below the 4 castes are the Dalits, which means "the oppressed". They are the ones who remove dead animals from the streets.
Why did the British want control of India? How and when did they lose control of India?
The British wanted control of India because powerful trading companies, such as Great Britain's East India Company, built successful businesses in the region. They lost control of India in 1857 when a revolt among the Sepoys broke out.
Why were the European countries interested in the Indian subcontinent?
The European countries were interested in the Indian subcontinent because the Europeans arrived in India in the late 1490s to trade, expand their empires, and spread Christianity. The Portuguese came first, followed by the Dutch, French, and British. Powerful trading companies, such as Great Britain's East India Company, built successful businesses in the region. Indian cotton became particularly important as Britain's growing textile industry needed tons of the raw fiber. Soon Britain and France became rivals in India.
How did invasions change India's early cultures?
The European invasion spread christianity in India. The Portuguese came first, followed by the Dutch, French, and British. Powerful trading companies, such as Britain's East India Company, built successful businesses in the region. India's cotton became particularly important as britain's growing textile industry needed tons of the raw fiber. Soon, Britain and France became rivals in India. The Aryans spread their influence gradually Aryan culture has changed as it mixed with cultures already in the area. The Aryans brought the Indo-European language to the subcontinent. They spoke an early form of sanskrit. Hindi, the modern language of India, developed from Sanskrit. Aryan religion included many of the basic ideas that became part of Hinduism. The Islamic Empires conquered northern India under the rule of Babur, "The Tiger", in the 1520s. Some time went by and Akbar, Babur's grandson, reunited with the Mughal Empire and expanded it into central India. Akbar was effective and a successful conqueror. He allowed the peoples he conquered to practice their own religion. Although the rulers were Muslims, most of the region's people continued practicing Hinduism. Indian products such as cotton, jewels and tea flowed to Britain. India was also a market for merchandise from British factories. To ensure an efficient flow of goods, the British organized the construction of railroads, roads, and ports. In addition, the Britains brought the English language and English systems of education, law, and government.
Name India's 5 major rivers. In what landform regions are India's major rivers located?
The Godavari, Krishna, Ganges, Brahmaputra, and the Narmada. They flow through the Gangetic Plain and Deccan Plateau
How did the Green Revolution affect food production and the environment in India?
The Green Revolution affected food production and the environment in India because it helped feed many people in India, and it produced a lot of food, but it displaced people and disrupted the environment. The new techniques did not work in areas where water was scarce or where farmers had no money for investment.
In what ways was the Green Revolution unsuccessful?
The Green Revolution was unsuccessful because it required huge dams, displaced people and disturbed the environment.
Why was the subcontinent divided into India and Pakistan?
The Indian subcontinent was divided into India and Pakistan because they wanted to avoid civil war. This division was created by the British, and this division was called a Partition.
By what other name is the Thar Desert known? Where in India is it located?
The Thar Desert is also known as the Great Indian desert. It is located in the northwest, where it extends into neighboring Pakistan.
How were the mountains of the Indian subcontinent formed?
The mountains of the Indian subcontinent were formed when tectonic forces shaped the Indian subcontinent, the subcontinent was once part of the supercontinent of Gondwana, but then broke away, and it slowly drifted northward. About 50 million years ago, it pushed into Asia, forcing up a mountain system called the Himalayas, and this mountain-building process still goes on today.
Identify 4 large urban cities of India. Explain why each is important.
There are 4 large Urban cities of India. Mumbai has about 18 million residents. It is the center of India's huge movie industry. So many films are produced there that the city has been nicknamed Bollywood. Kolkata has more than 12 million residents and is one of the world's busiest seaports. Although it has a large homeless population, Kolkata is a vibrant place that promotes itself as the City of Joy. Delhi is the hub of northern India. The city's old section contains beautiful Mughal buildings. The new part of the vast city-New Delhi-is India's capital. The East india Company founded Chennai (Madras) on the southeast coast. It is now a major rail and industrial center. Varanasi, on the Ganges River, is a holy city for Hindus.
How does the role of religion in India's constitution contrast with its role in Indian society?
The role of religion in India's constitution contrasts with its role in Indian society because a large majority of the people take part in religious activity on a daily basis. Some Indian political parties are based on religion, but the government of India is Secular.
What three bodies of water make India a peninsular nation?
The three bodies of water that make India a peninsular nation are the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Bay of Bengal.
What are the two most widely used languages in India? How many minor languages and dialects are spoken in India?
The two most widely used languages in India is Hindi and English. More than 1,000 languages are spoken in India.
Mountain range found on the east and west coasts of southern India
Western + Eastern Ghats
Thar Desert has this climate; less than 10 inches of rainfall per year
arid
Which region?: Krishna
deccan
climate in the Gangetic Plain
humid subtropical
