Individual Differences, Exam 3 3310

_______ describes an individual with no rods of any type? a. A cone monochromat b. Cone-anomalous c. A protanope d. A rod monochromat e. A deuteranope

a. A cone monochromat

_______ is the inability to perceive colors due to damage to the central nervous system. a. Achromatopsia b. Deuteranopia c. Agnosia d. Anomia e. Akinisthesia

a. Achromatopsia

This image is known as a ______ and it serves to determine if a person is ______. a. Ishihara plate; color deficient b. Ishihara plate; rod monochromat c. Hering image; color deficient d. Hering image; rod monochromat

a. Ishihara plate; color deficient

Additive color mixing is the creation of a new color by a process that adds one set of wavelengths to another set of wavelengths. a. True b. False

a. True

People with protanopia and deuteranopia are both considered red-green color-deficient. a. True b. False

a. True

Spectral reflectance is the ratio of light reflected by an object at each wavelength. a.True b. false

a. Ture

When adding colors, blue and yellow create white through _______ color mixing and create green through _______ color mixing. a. additive; subtractive b. subtractive; additive c. additive; component d. multiple; opponent

a. additive; subtractive

An object appears red despite the fact that it is illuminated by a green light or a yellow light. This phenomenon is known as ______. a. color constancy b. lightness constancy c. color invariance d. lightness invariance

a. color constancy

A(n) _______ is an individual who suffers from color blindness that is due to the absence of M-cones. a. deuteranope b. protanope c. tritanope d. isotope e. color-anomalous individual

a. deuteranope

White light, consisting of many wavelengths, is known as ______, whereas light consisting of one wavelength is known as ______. a. heterochromatic; monochromatic b. incandescent; fluorescent c. ultraviolet; infrared d.neural; peripheral

a. heterochromatic; monochromatic

Blue objects absorb most wavelengths but reflect light at about 450 nm. This phenomenon relates to ______. a. spectral reflectance b. resonance properties c. color spectrometry d. specter of bond

a. spectral reflectance

Color mixing in which a new color is made by the removal of wavelengths from a light with a broad spectrum of wavelengths is known as ______. a. subtractive color mixing b. additive color mixing c. multiplicative color mixing d. metameric color mixing

a. subtractive color mixing

Suppose you are the lighting director for a theater production. The current spotlight on the stage is too blue and you want to make it whiter. What colored spotlight would you shine on the same area to cancel out the blue? a.Yellow b. Blue c. Green d. Purple e. Orange

a. yellow

What is the difference between additive and subtractive color mixing? a. Additive mixing involves mixing similar colors of different brightness, whereas subtractive mixing involves mixing disparate colors of similar brightness. b. Additive color mixing is what happens when we mix lights of different colors, whereas subtractive color mixing occurs when we mix paints or other colored materials. c. Additive color mixing is what happens when we combine physical pigments, whereas subtractive color mixing is what happens when we filter out certain wavelengths. d. Additive color mixing occurs at the level of the retina, whereas subtractive color mixing occurs at the level of V4 in the occipital cortex.

b. Additive color mixing is what happens when we mix lights of different colors, whereas subtractive color mixing occurs when we mix paints or other colored materials.

A metamer is a psychophysical color contrast between two patches of light that have identical sets of wavelengths but are perceived as different colors due to their surroundings. a. true b. False

b. False

In this color circle, what dimension of color is represented by the perimeter of the circle? a. saturation b. hue c. brightness d. lightness quality

b. Hue

The distribution of wavelengths in sunlight changes across the day. Evening light has more long-wavelength light than light earlier in the day. This means ______. a. we see objects as bluer in the evening b. color constancy must correct for the change in the distribution of light c. object permanence is compromised d. cortical achromatopsia will develop in those who do not rise early each morning

b. color constancy must correct for the change in the distribution of light

The tendency of a surface to appear the same color under a fairly wide range of illuminations is known as a. color invariance. b. color constancy. c. color anomaly. d. reflectance. e. illuminance.

b. color constancy.

A(n) _______ is an individual who suffers from color blindness that is due to the absence of L-cones. a. deuteranope b. protanope c. tritanope d. isotope e. color-anomalous individual

b. protanope

Two conditions lead to a red-green deficiency. One is ______, or a lack of L-cones, while the other is ______, or a lack of M-cones. a. tritanopia; protanopia b. protanopia; deuteranopia c. deuteranopia; tritanopia d. protanopia; tritanopia

b. protanopia; deuteranopia

Mixing paints to create new colors is an example of _______ color mixing, while shining lights to create new colors is an example of _______ color mixing. a. additive; subtractive b. subtractive; additive c. additive; component d. multiple; opponent e. opponent; multiple

b. subtractive; additive

Suppose a new ethnic group is discovered and their language only has four color words. Which color is least likely to be one of the color terms in that language? a.Black b.Tan c. Red d. Yellow e. White

b. tan

A phenomenon whereby an intensely lit black object appears to be gray or white in a homogeneously dark space is known as ______. a. lightness constancy b. the Gelb effect c. the Ponzo illusion d. phenomenological lightness

b. the Gelb effect

In an experiment in color matching, an observer is shown two patches of light. One is called the test patch, and the other is called the comparison patch. The test patch is a single wavelength of an unchanging illumination or brightness. The comparison patch is composed of three primary colors, such as the red, green, and blue used in a television. The observer has control over the intensities of the three lights in the comparison patch. The observer should be able to ______. a. control the colors so that they simulate real colors in the world b.control the comparison patch so that it looks identical to the test patch in color c. alter the comparison patch until it is a heterochromatic color d.alter the comparison patch until it is a spectral color

b.control the comparison patch so that it looks identical to the test patch in color

Suppose you are shown a red circle for a moment, and then shown two color choices and asked which of these colors you saw before. Which color pairing would present the most difficult choice? a. Red versus yellow b. Red versus green c. Red versus maroon d. Red versus blue e. Red versus orange

c. Red versus maroon

How many lights (of the correct type) are required to match any color that humans can see? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four e. five

c. Three

Assumptions about _______ are not a physical constraint that makes perceiving color constancy possible. a. the light source b. surfaces c. afterimages d. sharp borders in an image e. shadows

c. afterimages

Loss of color vision caused by damage to the occipital lobe is known as ______. a. anomalous trichromacy b. deuteranopia c. cortical achromatopsia d. occipital color dichromacy

c. cortical achromatopsia

Which of the following is a more saturated/less saturated pair of colors? a. gold/green b. green/red c. red/pink d. blue/silver

c. red/pink

Additive color mixing is used in which of the following technologies? a. designing paints for interior decor b. recreating color vision for color-deficient individuals c. simulating a full range of colors on a smart phone screen d. creating fabric dyes for clothing

c. simulating a full range of colors on a smart phone screen

A(n) _______ is an individual who suffers from color blindness that is due to the absence of S-cones. a. deuteranope b. protanope c. tritanope d. isotope e. color-anomalous individual

c. tritanope

The band of wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm that people with normal vision can detect is known as the ______. a. visual bandwidth b. electrovisual range c. visible spectrum d. electromagnetic resonance

c. visible spectrum

What is the term for an inability to name objects or colors despite being able to see and recognize them? a. Agnosia b. Prosopagnosia c. Achromatopsia d. Anomia e. Akinetopsia

d. Anomia

If a video game labels friendly characters as green and enemy characters as red, who might have a hard time seeing the difference between friendly and enemy characters? a. A deuteranope b. A protonope c. A tritanope d. Both deuteranopes and protonopes e. Both deuteranopes and tritanopes

d. Both deuteranopes and protonopes

_______ is the idea that basic perceptual experiences may be determined in part by the cultural environment. a. Cultural determination b. Culturalism c. Cultural perceptualism d. Cultural relativism e. Chromatic adaptation

d. Cultural relativism

Which of the following is not a basic color term? a. Red b. Green c. Blue d. Light blue e. Brown

d. Light blue

_______ are different mixtures of wavelengths that look identical a. Subtractive light mixtures b. Additive light mixtures c. Hues d. Metamers e. Illuminants

d. Metamers

Which of the following is TRUE about rod monochromats? a. They cannot distinguish between red and green. b. They see best in bright sunlight. c. They cannot learn to read. d. They see the world only in black, white, and grays.

d. They see the world only in black, white, and grays.

An object that reflects all light of all wavelengths from its surface will be perceived as ______ a. red b. blue c. black d. white

d. white

Which color is "illegal" for our visual systems? a. Bluish green b. Reddish yellow c. Yellowish green d. Reddish blue e. Greenish red

e. Greenish red

What is the term for the light that shines onto a surface? a. Light b. Reflectant c. Source d. Spectrant e. Illuminant

e. Illuminant

Which of the following is an argument from the textbook about the usefulness of color vision? a. It helps animals during migration. b. It helps animals identify predators and avoid them. c. It aids in night vision. d. It improves peripheral vision. e. It helps animals find food and mates.

e. It helps animals find food and mates.

Which genetic difference in color vision would cause someone to see the most color metamers when doing a color-matching experiment? a. Deuteranopia b. Protanopia c. Tritanopia d. Color-anomaly e. Rod monochromatism

e. Rod monochromatism