Industrial Revolution
According to laissez-faire economists, what is the benefit of a free market?
As production increased, the supply of goods would also increase and prices would drop so more people could afford goods.
What was one of Britain's primary contributions to industrialism?
British inventors developed new machines for the textile industry that led to the factory system.
Which sequence of events best describes the role of textile manufacturing in initiating industrialization
Demand for cotton cloth grew, cottage industry developed, and machines replaced cottage industry.
Which of the following statements about population trends during the Industrial Revolution is most accurate?
Demand for labor in factories was one cause of the population shift toward urban areas.
How did Thomas Edison's invention of the light bulb affect industry?
Electric lights made it possible for factories to run after dark.
Which of the following supports the idea that the Industrial Revolution led to social change in Europe?
Entrepreneurs earned enough wealth to rise above the working class.
What important contribution did James Watt make to the Industrial Revolution?
He perfected a new source of energy.
How did city life change during the last 1800s and early 1900s?
Improved sanitation slowed the spread of disease.
What was one long-term benefit of the Industrial Revolution?
In industrial countries, the overall standard of living improved.
Why was Darwin's theory controversial in the 1800s?
It contradicted the biblical view of creation.
Which of the following best describes the new middle class that emerged as a result of industrialization?
Many of its members owned and operated the businesses that hired urban workers.
Which factors caused the population of Europe to soar between 1800 and 1900?
Medicine advanced, and the death rate fell.
Which statement best describes child labor during the early years of the Industrial Revolution?
Mines and text factories employed large numbers of children.
Why had colleges and universities changed their curriculum by the late 1800s?
More people were working in industries that required science and engineering skills.
Why did big business emerge during the Industrial Revolution?
New technologies required the investment of more capital.
Why did the population of Britain increase in the mid-1700s?
Population statistics clearly show that people were healthier.
Identify two major effects of new technology on business during the Industrial Revolution.
Production became faster and less expensive.
Which statement best explains how transportation technology advanced the Industrial Revolution?
Rivers, ports, canals, and railroads aided the shipment of goods to many places.
What statement best describes the industrialization of other western nations after Britain?
Some nations learned about the new technology and had more resources than Britain so they could advance quickly.
What was one way that James Watt's steam technology contributed to the Industrial Revolution?
Steam engines improved the shipping of goods and raw materials.
During the Industrial Revolution, how did economics drive political change?
The growing middle class demanded more democracy, so voting rights gradually expanded.
Which of the following is one main reason the Industrial Revolution was a turning point in world history?
The traditional rural lifestyle ended for most people.
Read each question, and choose the best answer.Why were the first factories more efficient than the earlier putting-out system?
They brought workers and machines together in one place.
How did enclosures contribute to the development of the Industrial Revolution?
They consolidated fields to gain larger pastures.
What statement best describes the lives of women who worked during the Industrial Revolution?
They worked 12 hours or more a day for half the pay of men, and they tended to the family and household when at home.
How did religious groups respond to the challenges of industrialization?
They worked for reform and social services.
According to Marx, what would be the main characteristic of communism?
a classless society in which wealth and power were equally shared
Louis Pasteur helped improve public health by
applying germ theory to combat disease.
The main focus of utilitarianism was
ensuring the greatest happiness through individual freedom for all classes.
Which of the following changes to city life would be most likely to reduce the crime rate?
installing street lights
Who supplied the capital that helped Britain industrialize?
investors willing to take risks
Industrialization spread because
other nations wanted to have the same economic opportunities that Britain enjoyed.
Early socialism was most concerned with
sharing all property and means of production.
Which development helped improve working conditions in many mines and factories during the late 1800s?
the growth of labor unions
Which of the following had the greatest impact on transportation during the second Industrial Revolution?
the internal combustion engine
Adam Smith defined the free market as an economic system in which
the market functions with little or no government interference.
Socialism is based on the belief that
the means of production should be shared by everyone in society.
Why did some workers organize unions?
to improve their working conditions
By 1900, women in Britain and the United States had not yet won the right to
vote.