Industrial revolution

Third World/ developing world

"Third World" is a phrase frequently used to describe a developing nation. ... Third World countries referenced the nations, mostly in Asia and Africa that were not aligned with either the United States or the Soviet Union.

Communism

A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Utopian Socialism

A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Socialism

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.

Social paternalism

An idea that believed that government intervention, in business and society to alleviate suffering or injustice, was a good thing

Urbinization industrial revolution

An increase in a population in cities and towns versus rural areas. Urbanization began during the industrial revolution, when workers moved towards manufacturing hubs in cities to obtain jobs in factories as agricultural jobs became less common.

revolution

An overthrow or repudiation and the thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed.

Factory Act or 1833

In 1833 the Government passed a Factory Act to improve conditions for children working in factories. Young children were working very long hours in workplaces where conditions were often terrible. The basic act was as follows: no child workers under nine years of age.

Industrialization

Industrialization is the process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production, and craftsmen are replaced by assembly lines.

Karl Marx

Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary.

Laizzez-faire

Policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society. ... The doctrine of laissez-faire is usually associated with the economists known as Physiocrats, who flourished in France from about 1756 to 1778.

multiple causation

Refers to an event having not just one cause, but several different causes.

luddites

The Luddites were a secret oath-based organization of English textile workers in the 19th century, a radical faction which destroyed textile machinery as a form of protest. The group was protesting against the use of machinery in a "fraudulent and deceitful manner" to get around standard labour practices.

Bourgiese

The middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes. (in Marxist contexts) the capitalist class who own most of society's wealth and means of production.

Working and living conditions

The working conditions were terrible during the Industrial Revolution. As factories were being built, businesses were in need of workers. With a long line of people willing to work, employers could set wages as low as they wanted because people were willing to do work as long as they got paid. In the cities and towns were miserable and characterized by: overcrowding, poor sanitation, spread of diseases, and pollution. As well, workers were paid low wages that barely allowed them to afford the cost of living associated with their rent and food.

Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism is a theory in philosophy about right and wrong actions. It says that the morally best action is the one that makes the most overall happiness or "utility" (usefulness). ... Bentham wrote about this idea with the words "The greatest good for the greatest number", but did not use the word utilitarianism.

Proletariat

Workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).

Claude Monet

a French painter who used a impressionism called "super-realism," capture overall impression of the thing they were painting

impressionism

a style or movement in painting originating in France in the 1860s, characterized by a concern with depicting the visual impression of the moment, especially in terms of the shifting effect of light and color.

Child Labor in the Industrial Revolution

child labor reached new extremes during the Industrial Revolution. Children often worked long hours in dangerous factory conditions for very little money. Children were useful as laborers because their size allowed them to move in small spaces in factories or mines where adults couldn't fit, children were easier to manage and control and perhaps most importantly, children could be paid less than adults. Child laborers often worked to help support their families, but were forced to forgo an education.

Industrial Revolution

was a period of major industrialization and innovation that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s.