Info Tech Chap 12

Many divisions of the US government make _____ available for free online, including through the portal Data.gov.

datasets

The availability of free, open source, public-domain _____ has spurred the trend of DIY data collection, analysis, and visualization.

datasets

Which type of database spreads data across multiple networked computers, allowing greater storage and cheap and easy expansion?

distributed database

The time during which a database system isn't available is known as

downtime.

Records of mobile phone calls are an example of a(n) _____ in a database.

entity

A single value, such as a name.

field

A single value, such as an address, is an example of a _____ in a database.

field

The smallest component of a database is a

field.

Retrieving data from a database and performing some type of operation on it is called

file processing.

A(n) _____ database is a traditional data file storage system that contains only one data table or file.

flat file

In a _____ database, like the one shown in this graphic, each data file contains only one table.

flat file

A traditional data file storage system that contains only one data table or file.

flat file database

A screen or dialog box used to enter data in a database.

form

A database that uses different models together to handle data is called a _____.

hybrid database

To be able to continue to access the information stored in a(n) _____, the programming code must be made compatible with the newer system.

legacy database

Which type of database runs using languages, platforms, or models that are no longer supported by an organization's current database system?

legacy database

An alphanumeric check allows only _____ to be entered.

letters of the alphabet and digits

Describes the structure, specifications, and purpose of each element in a database.

metadata

A range check is usually performed on _____ data, such as birth dates.

numeric

Which data type is used to embed nontextual information, such as pictures?

object

A retail store's inventory-tracking system is typically classified as a(n) _____.

operational database

A(n) _____ enables a database user to specify criteria designed to retrieve needed information.

query

Used to display a list of records that match specified criteria.

query

When multiple users attempt to edit an existing record in a database simultaneously, _____ prevents changes from being written to the database as a safety precaution.

record locking

When multiple users attempt to edit an existing record simultaneously, which of the following features prevents changes from being written to the database?

record locking

A collection of related fields that describe a single entity, such as a place or event, is called a

record.

A collection of _____ that are all the same type forms a data table.

records

Takes place when the database administrator uses the most recent backup to restore data.

recovery

To restore lost data, the database administrator can do a _____ using the most recent backup, which typically contains the most recent and accurate data.

recovery

Which of the following might be a disadvantage of using a distributed database?

reduced speed

If an address is stored in multiple data tables, it will need to be changed in all the tables if a customer moves. This is an example of which of the following?

redundancy

_____, which is the duplication of one or more fields of data in multiple tables, creates opportunities for error.

redundancy

In a(n) _____ database, fields with similar data can be connected between tables in the database, making it possible to retrieve data from the related tables.

relational

The type of database in which fields with similar data can be connected between data tables in the database.

relational database

Presents output from a data table or query.

report

In a database, which field would be the best choice for the primary key?

social security number

A relationship often is made between

the primary key field in one table and a field with matching data in another table.

A _____ is a business activity that is central to the nature of an enterprise, such as a product being sold or an airline flight being booked.

transaction

A business activity that's central to the nature of an enterprise, such as selling a product, is a(n)

transaction.

Which type of processing updates the database immediately after a transaction occurs?

transactional processing

In a relational database, each record is called a(n)

tuple.

In relational database terminology, records are called

tuples.

_____ involves not only discovering meaningful patterns in data but also communicating insights about data and using data to make informed business decisions.

Analytics

The abbreviation HaaS stands for _____ as a Service.

Hardware

In some databases, the user enters data via a screen with a tabular layout, and in some databases, the user enters data via a form.

True

The three basic steps in the design are creating a database structure, designing a user-friendly interface, and designing the query and reporting features.

True

True or False: A database designer's database management approach guides the process of developing and maintaining the database structures.

True

True or False: A field name is a unique name assigned to a field.

True

True or False: Checking for referential integrity involves making sure that the records entered into tables remain consistent with the relationships between the tables.

True

True or False: Making sure that the records entered into tables remain consistent with the relationships between the tables involves checking for referential integrity.

True

True or False: Normalization is the process of structuring a database to avoid redundancy and undesirable dependencies.

True

True or False: Today, most organizations of all sizes use a computerized office information system (OIS) to manage a variety of tasks.

True

True or False: Visualization as a Service (VaaS) involves hiring an expert to transform data into stunning visuals.

True

In addition to discovering meaningful patterns in data, _____ includes communicating insights about data, such as the spending behavior of a group of customers.

analytics

Because databases generally form the core of a company's information systems, _____—that is, operating and maintaining the database system—is an important IT function.

database administration

Suppose that the ticket-selling system at a theater stops working, which means tickets can't be sold and related services can't be provided. According to this diagram, which database professional is responsible for fixing this problem?

database administrator

The individual that handles the day-to-day operations of a database is called the _____.

database administrator

A person who plans and designs database systems is called a

database analyst.

Forms, reports, and data filters are all examples of

database objects

Occurs when data is unreadable, incomplete, or damaged.

data corruption

Microsoft Access includes a Compact & Repair database feature, as shown in this screen shot, to safeguard data and prevent

data corruption.

The body of metadata for the entire database is collected by the _____.

data dictionary

Which of the following collects the body of metadata for the entire database?

data dictionary

A database end user called a _____ types and changes database data as needed, ensuring that the contents of the database remain as up to date as possible.

data entry operator

A(n) _____ types and changes data as needed to ensure that the contents of the database remain as up to date as possible.

data entry operator

To display only a list of customers with last names that start with the letter B, you should apply a(n) _____.

data filter

A system with high _____ provides more value to users than a system containing a large percentage of errors.

data integrity

Which term describes the accuracy of the information provided to database users?

data integrity

Which of the following involves using advanced computing to find patterns and relationships in large sets of data to apply an organizing structure and extract information?

data mining

Which of the following methods for dealing with big data involves finding patterns and relationships in order to apply an organizing structure?

data mining

Using which of the following techniques ensures that users enter correct and complete data into the system?

data validation

Which of the following methods can help reveal patterns and transitions that may be hard to see when reviewing numeric data alone?

data visualization

Stores data gathered from one or more databases.

data warehouse

Which of the following is an example of numeric data?

626

Rather than develop in-house analytics expertise, a company might use a(n) _____ provider and buy analysis tools and information.

Big Data as a Service (BDaaS)

_____ represents an emerging branch of information technology that deals with transforming large amounts of unstructured data into useful information using new methods.

Big data

True or False: The process of structuring a database to avoid duplication of entries and undesirable relationships between entries is called data validation.

False

The software that enables users to work with the database data is called a

DBMS.

_____ involves moving through a database file, examining each record, and looking for information.

Data browsing

Which of the following statements does not describe an object-oriented database?

Data is structured in multiple dimensions.

_____ involves using advanced computing to find patterns and relationships in large sets of data in order to apply an organizing structure and extract information.

Data mining

_____ techniques ensure that users enter correct and complete data into the system.

Data validation

Creating the database structure involves deciding in advance how many records it will have.

False

Queries display data that does not match the specified criteria.

False

Reports cannot be predefined or have predetermined formatting.

False

True or False: A database designer's data-mining techniques guide the process of developing and maintaining the database structures.

False

True or False: A database that combines relational and object-oriented database models is referred to as a combination database.

False

True or False: A report created from a data table or query can't be printed out or emailed.

False

True or False: An OLAP cube structures data in a single dimension.

False

For a database that tracks parking and traffic violations, which of the following fields could be designated as a primary key?

LicensePlateNumber

Which of the following is database management system software?

Microsoft Access

A popular query language is _____.

Structured Query Language

What does the abbreviation SQL stand for?

Structured Query Language

The most common data types are numeric and _____.

alphanumeric

In a(n) _____ database, the fundamental database structure consists of XML documents and elements.

XML

In a relational database, the information in each table consists of

a logical grouping of fields.

A database provides an efficient means for people to

all of these.

Which type of data consists of letters, numbers, and sometimes special characters?

alphanumeric

In a relational database model, a field is called a(n)

attribute.

In a relational database, a field is called a(n)

attribute.

Having a _____ plan for the database management system (DBMS) will enable the recovery of lost data from a power interruption or equipment failure.

backup and recovery

When data processing occurs at a scheduled time, the type of processing is called _____.

batch processing

Which of the following types of data processing takes place at a scheduled time or at a critical point in a process?

batch processing

This figure illustrates common types of _____, which are large and complex or unstructured data sets that don't lend themselves to storage and analysis in a traditional database system.

big data

Which type of check ensures that every required field in a record contains an entry, preventing data from being missing?

completeness check

Which type of check ensures that every required field in a record contains an entry?

completeness check

Which type of check is made against previously entered data that has already been validated?

consistency check

Which of the following involves the spread of incorrect information and can have serious consequences?

data contamination

Which term describes the ripple effect that can occur as a result of an error in a database?

data contamination

As shown in this diagram, the database response time is the lag time between a(n) _____ issuing a command and the _____ system taking action.

user; database

Online hotel and airline reservation sites use _____ databases to hold availability and pricing information.

web

True or False: Database management systems don't include security measures to protect and safeguard data, because it isn't possible for anyone to gain unauthorized access to a database.

False

True or False: Query tools are used to design and test data tables in a database.

False

In _____, the user builds the query by selecting one or more tables to query, adding the fields to display in the results in a query grid, and then entering the entry to match or other criteria in applicable fields.

Query by Example (QBE)

Which type of query command asks a database to return records that match specified criteria?

SELECT command

Which of the following is a popular query language that enables users to request information from a database?

Structured Query Language (SQL)

For a database that stores students' grades, which of the following fields could be designated as a primary key?

StudentID

_____ processing occurs when the database updates immediately for each input.

Transactional

True or False: A real-time system, such as an air traffic control system, requires data with second-by-second accuracy,

True

True or False: A report presents output from a data table or query in an easy-to-read format.

True

A(n) _____ check will prevent users from entering incorrect characters in a field, such as a percentage sign (%) in a field designated for customer last names.

alphanumeric

Which of the following is not an example of a database object?

an attribute

A(n) _____ check ensures that every required field in a record contains an entry.

completeness

An error in a database system can cause _____, which involves the spread of incorrect information and can have serious consequences.

data contamination

Suppose that a manager wants to identify employees who have called in sick more than 10 days in the past year. Which of the following database management tools should he or she use to display only this data?

data filter

Suppose that a store manager wants to identify the ten highest sales amounts for the past week. Which of the following database management tools should he or she use to display only this data?

data filter

The term _____ describes the accuracy of the information provided to database users.

data integrity

Which of the following terms refers to the activities performed with a database?

data processing

This screen shot illustrates a customers _____, which was created in Microsoft Access.

data table

One or more _____ with associated information form the database itself.

data tables

Numeric and alphanumeric are examples of _____, or types of information specific fields will hold.

data types

A(n) _____ stores data gathered from one or more databases, functioning as a vast storage place for information that can later be used in a variety of ways.

data warehouse

Unlike an operational database, a(n) _____ doesn't change or delete the information it stores on an ongoing basis.

data warehouse

A _____ is a collection of data organized in one or more tables stored on a computer.

database

Operating and maintaining a database system is known as

database administration

Suppose that the reservation system at an airline stops working, which means plane tickets can't be sold and related functions can't be performed. As shown in this diagram, who is responsible for fixing this problem?

database administrator

A well-designed _____, like the one shown in this screen shot, provides the user with questions or prompts.

form

The _____ shown in this screen shot prompts the user to input data into an Access database.

form

A _____ interface makes it possible for users to easily enter data and request information, and it should also prevent users from entering erroneous data.

front-end

As shown in this diagram, the user requests and enters data through the

front-end interface.

This graphic illustrates the _____ process, which matches data from fields in the specified data tables.

joining

A database ____ can be used to identify a set of information and therefore provide a means of searching or sorting.

key

Information about the structure, specifications, and purpose of each element in a database is described by the

metadata.

A(n) _____ database uses a(n) _____ structure to organize data in three or more dimensions, as shown in this graphic.

multidimensional; cube

A(n) _____ database allows the storage of pictures, movies, sounds, and hyperlinked fields.

multimedia

In a(n) _____ database, data is stored in the form of _____, each of which contains both the related data and the actions that might be performed.

object-oriented; objects

E-commerce websites, which require rapid order processing, use which of the following?

online transactional processing (OLTP)

A flat file database contains

only one data table or file.

A database that can be used by a retailer to track sales, update inventory records, and order more product is a(n) _____ database.

operational

A(n) _____ usually tracks a changing operation or situation, such as the inventory of a store.

operational

Which of the following is not a common type of data model?

personal

To retrieve information from a database, the user generally creates a _____ and then runs it to display the results, or list of records that match the specified criteria.

query

Most modern databases use a(n) _____ database model, in which fields with similar data can be connected between tables or files in the database.

relational

A relational database is made of

several related data tables or files.

Metadata describes or provides information about the _____, _____, and _____ of each element in a database.

structure; specifications; purpose